Phylogenetic relationships within Philodromidae, with a taxonomic revision of Philodromus subgenus Artanes in the western Palearctic (Arachnida:Araneae)

The first quantitative phylogenetic analysis within the spider family Philodromidae (using 65 morphological characters from 40 ingroup taxa) does not corroborate Schick’s division into the tribes Thanatini (Apollophanes O. P.-Cambridge, 1898, Pelloctanes Schick, 1965, Thanatus C. L. Koch, 1837; Tibellus, Simon, 1875) and Philodromini (Ebo Keyserling, 1884, Philodromus Walckenaer, 1826; Rhysodromus Schick, 1965). Instead, Ebo is sister to all other genera in the family, and a fraction of Philodromus (the histrio species-group = Rhysodromus Schick) are contained with the Thanatini. The forgotten genus Artanes Thorell, 1870 constitutes a well-defined distal taxon in a clade that contains the majority of Philodromus species. Here Artanes is considered a subgenus of Philodromus, and includes the margaritatus and the poecilus species-groups. The western Palearctic species of the subgenus are revised. Twelve species are (re-)described, keyed and illustrated: Philodromus blanckei (Wunderlich, 1995) (first description of ♀); P. calidus Lucas, 1846; P. femurostriatus, sp. nov. from the eastern Mediterranean; P. fuscomarginatus (De Geer, 1778); P. johani, sp. nov. from Crete; P. laricium Simon, 1875, removed from synonymy with P. corticinus (C. L. Koch); P. maghrebi, sp. nov. from northern Africa (♀ only); P. margaritatus (Clerck, 1757); P. parietalis Simon, 1875; P. pentheri, sp. nov. from the Caspian region and Albania (♀ only); P. pinetorum, sp. nov. from the Mediterranean; and P. poecilus (Thorell, 1872).

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Simulium (Hearlea) Vargas, Mart nez Palacios, & D az N jera (Diptera: Simuliidae): Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.396.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 396 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. COSCARÓN ◽

D. R. MIRANDA ESQUIVEL ◽

J. K. MOULTON ◽

C. L. COSCARÓNARIAS ◽

S. IBAÑEZ BERNAL

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Character Weighting ◽

Species Groups ◽

Geographic Distributions ◽

Weighting Methods

Simulium (Hearlea) Vargas, Mart nez Palacios, & D az N jera 1957 is comprised of 20 known species that are largely confined to the area between M xico and Guatemala. Herein, all currently recognized species within this subgenus are described, illustrated, keyed (except males), and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Geographic distributions for each species are also updated. Simulium deleoni Vargas, 1945, is synonymized with S. capricorne De Le n, 1944. Simulium paracarolinae new species, from Guatemala, is described from the larva. A cladistic analysis of all Hearlea species and representatives from three outgroups was conducted using 39 morphological characters. Although different character weighting methods yielded different topologies, all trees agreed that Hearlea is monophyletic is comprised of two species groups, based mainly upon characters of the larva and pupa: the Simulium juarezi group S. ayrozai Vargas, S. burchi Dalmat, S. canadense Hearle, S. capricorne De Le n, S. chiriquiense Field, S. contrerense D az N jera & Vulcano, S. dalmati Vargas & D az N jera, S. delatorrei Dalmat, S. estevezi Vargas, S. ethelae Dalmat, S. juarezi Vargas & D az N jera, S. microbranchium Dalmat, and S. nigricorne Dalmat and the S. carolinae group Simulium (Hearlea) carolinae De Le n, S. gorirossiae Vargas & D az N jera, S. johnsoni Vargas & D az N jera, S. larvispinosum De Le n, S. menchacai Vargas & D az N jera, S. paracarolinae n. sp., and S. temascalense D az N jera & Vulcano.

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Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the spider mite genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus using morphology (Acari : Tetranychidae)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is12071 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 265 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabio A. Hernandes ◽

Reinaldo J. F. Feres

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Spider Mite ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Monophyletic Clade ◽

Taxonomic Review ◽

The Family

Despite their great importance as pests of cultivated plants worldwide, members of the family Tetranychidae have never been subjected to a thorough cladistic analysis to reveal the history and relationships among related genera. Herein, we provide the first phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic review of species of the genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus using morphological characters. The results indicate a monophyletic clade uniting the aforementioned genera, although none of the three genera were recovered as monophyletic. We reinstate the tribe Aponychini as the taxon containing those three genera. Aponychus bambusae and A. aequilibris are herein considered junior synonyms of Stylophoronychus vannus and A. corpuzae, respectively.

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Hypotheses from mitochondrial DNA: congruence and conflict between DNA sequences and morphology in Dolichopodinae systematics (Diptera:Dolichopodidae)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is09040 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marc Pollet ◽

Christoph Germann ◽

Samuel Tanner ◽

Marco Valerio Bernasconi

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Cyt B ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Species Groups

The molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Dolichopodinae (Diptera : Dolichopodidae) is reconstructed based on 79 species of 7 dolichopodine genera as ingroup, and 10 non-dolichopodine species from different genera as outgroup. A Bayesian analysis based on a mitochondrial DNA dataset consisting of 1702 characters (COI : 810; 12S : 366; 16S : 526) was carried out. Genital and non-genital morphological characters from a hitherto unpublished data matrix (based on 57 Dolichopodidae species) were used to explain and support the lineages hypothesised by our molecular phylogenetic analysis. The monophyly of the subfamily Dolichopodinae, and of the genera Dolichopus and Gymnopternus, was confirmed. The molecular analysis yielded nine species groups in Dolichopus that were proposed in previous studies using COI and Cyt-b. No evidence was found to support a clade including Dolichopus, Ethiromyia, and Gymnopternus. The genus Hercostomus proved polyphyletic with respect to Poecilobothrus, Sybistroma, and Gymnopternus. The following lineages were represented by strongly supported clades: Hercostomus germanus species group, H. vivax species group, H. nigrilamellatus species group, H. plagiatus species group, H. longiventris species group, H. fulvicaudis species group, and Poecilobothrus, Gymnopternus, Tachytrechus and Sybistroma (including Hercostomus nanus and H. parvilamellatus). Two clades that were previously established on the basis of morphology were confirmed in our phylogenetic analysis: (i) Poecilobothrus and the flower-feeding Hercostomus germanus species group, and (ii) the H. longiventris lineage and Sybistroma. In most cases, the groups identified in the molecular analysis could be supported and explained by morphological characters. Species of the Hercostomus germanus species group, Poecilobothrus, the Hercostomus longiventris species group, and a Sybistroma subclade have a similar microhabitat affinity.

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Systematics and biology of the iconic Australian scribbly gum moths Ogmograptis Meyrick (Lepidoptera : Bucculatricidae) and their unique insect–plant interaction

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is12022 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Horak ◽

M. F. Day ◽

C. Barlow ◽

E. D. Edwards ◽

Y. N. Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Sister Group ◽

Species Group ◽

Outer Bark ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Early Instar ◽

Species Groups

Many smooth-barked Eucalyptus spp.in south-eastern Australia bear distinctive scribbles caused by the larva of some Ogmograptis spp. However, although these scribbles are conspicuous, the systematics and biology of the genus is poorly known. This has been addressed through detailed field and laboratory studies of the biology of three species (O. racemosa Horak, sp. nov., O. fraxinoides Horak, sp. nov., O. scribula Meyrick) in conjunction with a comprehensive taxonomic revision supported by a molecular phylogeny utilising the mitochondrial Cox1 and nuclear 18S genes. In brief, eggs are laid in bark depressions and the first-instar larvae bore into the bark to the level where the future cork cambium forms (the phellogen). Early-instar larvae bore wide, arcing tracks in this layer before forming a tighter zig-zag-shaped pattern. The second-last instar turns and bores either closely parallel to the initial mine or doubles its width, along the zig-zag-shaped mine. The final instar possesses legs and a spinneret (unlike the earlier instars) and feeds exclusively on callus tissue that forms within the zig-zag-shaped mine formed by the previous instar, before emerging from the bark to pupate at the base of the tree. The scars of mines then become visible scribbles following the shedding of the outer bark. Sequence data confirm the placement of Ogmograptis within the Bucculatricidae, suggest that the larvae responsible for the ‘ghost scribbles’ (raised scars found on smooth-barked eucalypts) are members of the related genus Tritymba Meyrick, and support the morphology-based species groups proposed for Ogmograptis. The formerly monotypic genus Ogmograptis Meyrick is revised and divided into three species groups. Eleven new species are described: Ogmograptis fraxinoides Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis racemosa Horak, sp. nov., and Ogmograptis pilularis Horak, sp. nov., forming the scribula group with Ogmograptis scribula Meyrick; Ogmograptis maxdayi Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis barloworum Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis paucidentatus Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis rodens Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis bignathifer Horak, sp. nov., and Ogmograptis inornatus Horak, sp. nov., as the maxdayi group; Ogmograptis bipunctatus Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis pulcher Horak, sp. nov., Ogmograptis triradiata (Turner), comb. nov., and Ogmograptis centrospila (Turner), comb. nov., as the triradiata group. Ogmograptis notosema (Meyrick) cannot be assigned to a species group as the holotype has not been located. Three unique synapomorphies, all derived from immatures, redefine the family Bucculatricidae, uniting Ogmograptis, Tritymba (both Australian) and Leucoedemia Scoble & Scholtz (African) with Bucculatrix Zeller, which is the sister group of the Southern Hemisphere genera. The systematic history of Ogmograptis and the Bucculatricidae is discussed.

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Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of ghost spiders of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Dionycha, Anyphaenidae), with the descriptions of twelve new species

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2021.742.1291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 742 ◽

pp. 1-77

Author(s):

Luiz Fernando M. De Oliveira ◽

Antonio Domingos Brescovit

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

New Records ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Sister Group ◽

Species Group ◽

Genital Morphology ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Species Groups

The diversity of the genus Tafana Simon, 1903 is poorly known in the Neotropical regions. In this work we provide a taxonomic review of the genus as well as a phylogenetic analysis. The ingroup of the analysis is composed of sixteen species of Tafana and the outgroup is composed of five representatives of Anyphaenidae. The sister-group recovered for Tafana is the clade Aysha + Xiruana, being supported by the embolic process on the male bulb. Two species groups within Tafana are herein proposed, the silhavyi group and the riveti group, based on two exclusive synapomorphies in the male bulb. We redescribe Tafana quelchi and present a description of the previously unknown female of Tafana silhavyi, both from Venezuela. In addition, we describe the first adult specimens of Tafana straminea. Twelve new species, along with several previously described species, are described, illustrated and mapped: T. riveti, T. straminea, T. quelchi, T. kunturmarqa sp. nov., T. humahuaca sp. nov., T. pastaza sp. nov., T. nevada sp. nov., T. huatanay sp. nov. and T. ruizi sp. nov. from the riveti species group; T. maracay sp. nov., T. arawak sp. nov., T. chimire sp. nov. and T. pitieri sp. nov. from the silhavyi species group; T. oliviae sp. nov. from Argentina and T. orinoco sp. nov. from Venezuela, neither of which belongs to any species group. We also discuss the genital morphology of the species groups based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, distribution maps for all species, including new records for T. riveti, T. straminea and T. quelchi, are presented.

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TAXONOMIC REVISION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENUS OREODYTES SEIDLITZ (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) BASED ON LARVAL MORPHOLOGY

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent129399-3 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 129 (3) ◽

pp. 399-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yves Alarie

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Head Capsule ◽

Structural Features ◽

Species Group ◽

Larval Morphology ◽

Monophyletic Origin ◽

Palearctic Species ◽

Species Groups

AbstractThe larval morphology of the dytiscid genus Oreodytes Seidlitz was investigated through a detailed analysis of 16 Nearctic and two Palearctic species. Many structural features, especially those of chaetotaxy and porotaxy of head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons. Within the tribe Hydroporini, it is proposed that Oreodytes shares a monophyletic origin with the genera Deronectes Sharp, Scarodytes Gozis, Nebrioporus Régimbart, and Stictotarsus Zimmermann. A tentative phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Oreodytes, based on 29 larval characteristics, is provided. The classification of members of Oreodytes indicated by larvae is shown to be only partly reconcilable with the one indicated by adults. Once subdivided into three species-groups, Oreodytes now comprises four species-groups: the O. picturatus, O. obesus, O. scitulus, and O. quadrimaculatus species-groups. Oreodytes quadrimaculatus was found to share a monophyletic origin with the members of the O. picturatus and O. scitulus species-groups. The taxonomic status of the genus-name Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne is reconsidered as the larvae of N. natrix (Sharp) and N. babai Satô are revealed to be most similar morphologically to members of the O. scitulus species-group.

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Phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla Westwood (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Lachesillidae) and relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4691.2.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4691 (2) ◽

pp. 101-124

Author(s):

OSCAR FERNANDO SAENZ MANCHOLA ◽

ALFONSO NERI GARCÍA ALDRETE ◽

RANULFO GONZÁLEZ OBANDO

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Optimality Criterion ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Clade B ◽

Outgroup Species ◽

Branch Support ◽

Species Groups

Lachesilla is the most species-rich psocid genus, with 341 species grouped into 19 species groups (with at least 100 undescribed species), plus an additional undescribed species group. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla and a discussion on the relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae. We codified a matrix of 60 morphological characters (16 multistate and 44 binary) formed by 44 terminals: 37 ingroup species and seven outgroup species. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Parsimony (MP) as optimality criterion, under equal weights and implied weights approaches. Monophyly of Lachesilla is not recovered, showing a polyphyletic genus divided in two major clades: clade A, composed of the pedicularia species group + Nadleria, and clade B, including the remaining species groups. The implied weights analysis produced a hypothesis with Hemicaecilius as sister group of clade B, nesting seven subclades mainly with low branch support values (symmetric resampling and bootstrap). These results suggest that all species groups, included in this analysis, can be considered monophyletic clades based on several synapomorphies, despite the andra species group was split up showing that L. punctata + L. dentata cluster together with high branch support values, but L. tehuautlensis and L. falcicula were recovered in different subclades.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the Paulsoni species group (Decapoda : Alpheidae) from the American Pacific, with implications for the phylogenetic classification of the genus Synalpheus

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1744.1.2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1744 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MARGARITA HERMOSO-SALAZAR ◽

MARY WICKSTEN ◽

JUAN J. MORRONE

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Natural Classification ◽

Phylogenetic Classification ◽

Species Groups

A cladistic analysis of 22 species of Synalpheus, represented primarily by species of the Paulsoni species group from the American Pacific and selected species from the Gambarelloides, Neomeris, Brevicarpus, and Biunguiculatus species groups was undertaken, based on 51 morphological characters. The Paulsoni species group proved to be paraphyletic, because species of the Neomeris, Brevicarpus, and Biunguiculatus species groups nested within it. It is proposed herein that in order to achieve a more natural classification, only two groups should be maintained within Synalpheus: Gambarelloides and Paulsoni, the latter in its broadest sense, treating the remaining species groups as synonyms.

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Revision of the Oriental species of Calleida Latreille (sensu lato). Part 2: the C. discoidalis species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.806.30051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 806 ◽

pp. 87-120

Author(s):

Hongliang Shi ◽

Achille Casale

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Group ◽

Type Locality ◽

Valid Species ◽

Species Relationships ◽

Species Groups

The C.discoidalis species group of the genus Calleida Latreille from Asia (in the sense of Casale and Shi 2018) is revised with six species recognized. Four new species are described: C.piligera Shi & Casale, sp. n. (type locality: Taiwan: Siling, 24.65°N, 121.42°E); C.cochinchinae Casale & Shi, sp. n. (type locality: Vietnam: “Cochinchina”); C.yunnanensis Shi & Casale, sp. n. (type locality: Yunnan: Caiyanghe, 22.60°N, 101.12°E); and C.luzonensis Casale & Shi, sp. n. (type locality: Philippines: Nagtipunan, 16.22°N, 121.60°E). C.fukiensis Jedlička, 1963 is confirmed as an available and valid species name, and C. suensoni Kirschenhofer, 1986 is newly synonymized with it. A phylogenetic analysis of Oriental Calleida species, based on adult morphological characters, is performed. The results show that the monophyly of most species groups in Oriental Calleida is accepted, but the C.discoidalis group appears polyphyletic and comprises three lineages. However, because many species relationships in the cladogram lack significant supporting, presently the C.discoidalis group was remained to use for morphological convenience. Five types of female reproductive tracts were recognized, corresponding to five branches in the cladogram.

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Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-020-01730-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pau Carnicero ◽

Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽

Llorenç Sáez ◽

Theophanis Constantinidis ◽

Mercè Galbany-Casals

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

Aegean Islands ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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