Systematics of Nitidulinae (Coleoptera:Nitidulidae): phylogenetic relationships, convexity and the origin of phallalophagy

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. B.Leschen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Character Analysis ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Use Patterns

Nitiduline beetle genera of the Cyllodes complex arestudied in the context of a phylogenetic analysis of 19 ingroup and eightoutgroup taxa and 63 characters derived from adult morphology and hostrelationship. In this analysis, the Cyllodes complex isshown to be monophyletic. By eliminating the problematic taxonCamptodes and a priori weightingof the presence/absence of procoxal rests, two monophyletic taxa areobtained within the Cyllodes complex(Cyllodes and Oxycnemus groups). Aphylogenetic analysis of 13 terminal taxa represented by larval and adultsemaphoronts shows a monophyletic Cyllodes complex inone of two trees. The Cyllodes complex is formallyrecognised as Cyllodini Everts, containing two or more monophyletic groupsthat are recognised on an informal basis. The Oxycnemusgroup is well supported and may include the enigmatic genusCamptodes. Taxonomic actions include two synonymiesunder Apsectochilus Reitter (=Meoncerus Sharp, syn. nov.; =Lordyrops Reitter, syn. nov.) and type speciesdesignations for Neotropical genera described by David Sharp(Apsectochilus, Eusphaerius,Mecyllodes, and Somatoxus).Carinocyllodes, gen. nov. (type species:Eusphaerius lubricus Leschen & Carlton) is describedand includes two additional species (C. belli, sp. nov.and C. depressus, sp.nov.).Convexity is a character complex in nitidulids, and must be partitioned forphylogenetic reconstruction and character analysis. Two classes of charactervariation (dependent and independent) are discussed with regard to theevolution of convexity in the context of cladograms. A highly convex form withthe capability to roll into a ball by tucking the head beneath the prothoraxhas evolved at least one or more times in Nitidulidae and several times inunrelated beetle families.Fungal host-use patterns are highly concordant with the phylogenetic branchingpattern in Cyllodini. Most members are associated with large-bodiedBasidiomycetes, with the exception of Camptodes whichoccurs on flowers and develops in rotten vegetation. Most species of theOxycnemus group are restricted to Phallales, an obligatehost pattern that is old relative to those associations in the remainingCyllodini that occur on other fungi. Another significant shift occurred fromphallalophagy to phytophagy if the hypothesis is accepted thatCamptodes is a member of theOxycnemus group.

Phylogeny of the cactus-feeding phycitines and their relatives (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) based on adult morphology: Evaluation of adult character-systems in phycitine systematics and evidence for a single origin of Cactaceae-feeding larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New World ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Skeletal Morphology ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

AbstractThe cactus-feeding Phycitinae are a New World group of moth genera that has long been the focus of ecological and biological control related studies, but the group's evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships have remained largely unknown. Here phylogenetic relationships of 15 cactus-associated and 12 allegedly related but non cactus-associated genera of Phycitinae are established based on 64 characters from adult morphology. The resulting phylogeny is the first cladistic higher-level phylogenetic analysis for any group of Phycitinae genera. It is well resolved, albeit weakly supported, and supports the monophyly of a previously suggested group comprised by the true cactus-feeders and the genera Baphala, Zophodia and Rhagea. A clade comprising all cactus feeders with the non-cactus feeder genus Rhagea nested within is retrieved, indicating a single origin of cactus feeding within Phycitinae; however, this clade is poorly supported. Larvae that are predacious on scale insects appear to have evolved at least twice. Evaluations of the different character systems in adult skeletal morphology demonstrate that although some systems contribute little to overall partitioned Bremer support, they might provide critical support at individual nodes. This is supporting earlier workers who suggested that as many characters as possible are needed to establish phylogenetic relationships within Phycitinae. The hitherto scarcely explored region of the pregenitalic abdomen promises to be of considerable importance in phycitine phylogenetics.

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tinghao Yu ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding

More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.

Phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hylodinae (Anura, Leptodactylidae) based on morphological characters

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca do Val ◽  
Paulo Nuin
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Family

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

Rhizocarpon smaragdulum, a new monosporic yellow-thalline species and some additional species of the genus Rhizocarpon from the Altai Mountains (Siberia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. DAVYDOV ◽  
Lidia S. YAKOVCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Sister Relationship

AbstractRhizocarpon smaragdulum Davydov & Yakovchenko sp. nov. is described and a phylogenetic analysis (ITS, mtSSU) is presented, confirming its distinctiveness and indicating a sister relationship with R. suomiense and R. subgeminatum. The species is unique among yellow Rhizocarpon species in having a single hyaline ascospore per ascus. The phylogenetic tree suggests that the number of ascospores per ascus has been reduced in Rhizocarpon more than once during the course of its evolution. Two new distributional records are also reported: Rhizocarpon atroflavescens is new for Siberia and R. norvegicum is new for the Altai Mountains. Rhizocarpon norvegicum in this region grows on rocks and is also lichenicolous on Acarospora bullata.

Albumin Immunological Relationships of Australian Marsupials. 2. The Pseudocheiridae

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
J Birrell ◽  
GM Mckay
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microcomplement Fixation

Microcomplement fixation of albumin was used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among the ringtail possums, family Pseudocheiridae. Phylogenetic analysis of the data supports the hypothesis of at least three distinct clades within the family: one containing Petauroides and Hemibelideus; a second consisting of Pseudocheirus herbertensis, Ps. forbesi, Ps. mayeri, and Ps. canescens; and a third containing Ps. archeri, Ps. corinnae, Ps. cupreus and Ps. dahli. The data have not resolved the phylogenetic position of Ps. peregrinus, which may either form a separate clade or lie close to the Ps. archeri clade.

Host use patterns ofCulicoidesspp. biting midges at a big game preserve in Florida, U.S.A., and implications for the transmission of orbiviruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. McGregor ◽  
T. Stenn ◽  
K. A. Sayler ◽  
E. M. Blosser ◽  
J. K. Blackburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Use ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Use Patterns

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic relationships of Dasyloricaria Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with description of a new species

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Maracaibo Basin ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis were completed for Dasyloricaria . The genus includes three valid species: D . filamentosa and D . latiura previously included in the genus, and a new species described herein. Dasyloricaria have a restricted trans-Andean distribution, with D . filamentosa occurring at the lower and middle Magdalena, lower Cauca, and Sinu in Colombia, and lago Maracaibo basin in Colombia and Venezuela; D . latiura in the Atrato and the Tuyra basins in Colombia and Panama, respectively; and the new species in the upper and middle Magdalena basin in Colombia. New synonyms for D . filamentosa and D . latiura are proposed, and a lectotype is designated for the latter. Dasyloricaria is herein recognized as monophyletic, with D . filamentosa as the sister group of D . latiura , and the new speciesas sister to that clade. Spatuloricaria is hypothesized to be the sister group of Dasyloricaria based on synapomorphies of the neurocranium, branchial arches and external morphology features. The subtribe Rineloricariina was partially corroborated through the phylogenetic analysis. An identification key for the species of Dasyloricaria is provided.

Reappraisal of arctostylopid mammal Kazachostylops occidentalis from the late Paleocene of Kazakhstan and phylogenetic relationships within Arctostylopida

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-579
Author(s):  
Alexander O. Averianov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sister Taxon ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
Principal Component Analyses ◽  
Upper Paleocene

AbstractKazachostylops occidentalis Nesov, 1987b, based on partial maxilla and dentary from the upper Paleocene Zhylga locality in South Kazakhstan, is redescribed. A new phylogenetic hypothesis of Arctostylopida is proposed based on phylogenetic analysis of 26 characters and 17 taxa. Kazachostylops is recovered as a sister taxon to the Arctostylopinae, the advanced clade of Asian and North American arctostylopids characterized by pseudohypocone on upper molars and reduced trigonid of lower molars, with the ectolophid being attached labial on the trigonid. Kazachostylops differs from more basal arctostylopids (Asiostylops, Allostylops, Bothriostylops, and Wanostylops) by higher-crowned molars, M1–3 metaconule absent, m1–3 entoconid connected with ectolophid by entolophid, and m2 wider than m1 and m3. Principal component analyses of the upper and lower dentition of arctostylopids show great distinctness of Kazachostylops from other members of the group. The arctostylopid taxa are reviewed, and the new genus Enantiostylops is erected for ‘Sinostylops’ progressus Tang and Yan, 1976 from the lower Eocene of China, because of uniquely concave parastylar area on upper molars.UUID: http://zoobank.org/a46d8f29-fd73-4e59-88dc-fcc55b12d1d3

scholarly journals Two newly recorded invasive alien ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata, Ascidiacea) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis in Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3368 (1) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOOYEON PYO ◽  
TAEKJUN LEE ◽  
SOOK SHIN
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Korea Strait ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
First Time

We report five alien ascidians with some distinct features that were investigated from August 2009 to October 2011 in Korea, among which Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776) belonging to family Ascidiidae of order Phlebobranchia and Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) belonging to family Molgulidae of order Stolidobranchia are newly discovered invasive species. These ascidians were identified and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified through molecular analysis using about 680 bp of nuclear 18S rDNA and about 670 bp of mt-COI genes along with detailed morphological characteristics, and reported for the first time in Korea. It was discovered that A. aspersa was widespread three coastlines of Korea except Jeju Island, and M. manhattensis first found in Mokpo, Gunsan, and Incheon in June 2010 extended into Busan of Korea Strait in 2011.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera:Nemonychidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Kuschel ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Host Use ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Subjective Synonym

An overview of the taxa of Rhinorhynchinae (Nemonychidae) is presented. A phylogenetic analysis of the 19 extant genera of the Rhinorhynchinae and one fossil genus from the Lower Cretaceous (Cratomacer Zherikhin & Gratshev), based on 29 characters of adults, larvae and host plant associations, shows three monophyletic groups, treated as tribes (Rhinorhynchini, Mecomacerini and Rhynchitomacerini). Primitive associations are unknown for Rhinorhynchinae and early host use diversification included associations with Ranunculaceae (Nemonyx Redtenbacher), Pinaceae (Cimberis Gozis), Nothofagaceae (Rhynchitomacerini) and Podocarpaceae (Rhinorhynchini). While Mecomacerini diversified on Araucariaceae, within Rhinorhynchini there was a single reversal to Araucariaceae and a shift in Atopomacer Kuschel to Pinaceae. Placement of Cratomacer into Mecomacerini is consistent with geological and molecular data that suggest gymnosperms may have been the primitive hosts for the family. Three new genera are described in Rhinorhynchinae: Araucomacer, gen. nov. (type species A. hirticeps Kuschel) from Chile, Idiomacer, gen. nov. (type species I. basicornis, sp. nov.) from New Caledonia, and Zimmiellus, gen. nov. (type species Z. fronto, sp. nov.) from Queensland, Australia, while Stenomacer Kuschel, stat. nov. from Chile is reinstated from synonymy. Seven species are described as new: Atopomacer grandifurca, sp. nov. from Costa Rica and Panama, A. obrieni, sp. nov. from Mexico, A. panamensis, sp. nov. from Panama, A. pini, sp. nov. from Mexico, A. podocarpi, sp. nov. from Venezuela, Basiliogeus dracrycarpi, sp. nov. from western New Guinea and B. inops, sp. nov. from Queensland. Rhynchitomacer rufus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of R. nigritus Kuschel, syn. nov., R. viridulus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of R. flavus Voss, syn. nov. and Stenomacer fuscus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of S. vernus Kuschel, syn. nov. Keys to genera of Rhinorhynchinae and to species of Atopomacer, Rhynchitomacer and Stenomacer are included. Diagnoses of the three extant subfamilies of Nemonychidae are included.

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