Maintenance and reproductive behaviour in the freshwatre prawn Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis (Crustacea : Decapoda : Palaemonidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Lee ◽  
DR Fielder
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Food Search ◽  
Alarm Reaction ◽  
Maintenance Behaviour

Seven categories of maintenance behaviour have been recognized and described for M. australiense. These are 'normal stance', 'body cleaning', 'locomotion', 'food search and feeding', 'defaecation'. 'alarm reaction', and 'moulting'. These behaviour patterns are compared with similar patterns described previously for other caridean prawns. Behaviour patterns leading to successful mating in M. australiense include 'courtship and nest building', 'copulation', and 'egg-laying'. Ripe females seek out dominant males, which then build a nest. The male protects the female in the nest during pro-ecdysis and the pair copulate after the female moults. Eggs are usually laid within 12 h of copulation.

Physiological maturation and reproductive behaviour of female doves (Streptopelia risoria) held under long and short photoperiods

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Liley
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Long Photoperiod

Female doves were held under long (16 h per day), or short (8 h per day) photoperiod and exposed to actively courting males for 4.5 h per day for 15 days. The occurrence of egg laying and nest building was recorded daily. Behavioural observations were recorded for 15 min on alternate days.Seven out of eight long-photoperiod females laid eggs, whereas only one of nine short-photoperiod females began egg laying. Soliciting by the female and nest building involving male and female are the best indicators of a female's readiness to begin breeding. The occurrence of these activities is correlated with the growth of follicles and oviduct. Copulation and associated behaviours are not correlated with follicle and oviduct growth, and appear to be controlled by factors different from those governing courtship behaviour associated with the nest site.

The role of estrogen and progesterone in the regulation of reproductive behaviour in female ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) under long vs. short photoperiods

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Liley
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Streptopelia Risoria ◽  
Ring Doves ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Marked Tendency

Female ring doves held under long (16 h per day) or short (8 h per day) photoperiods were treated daily for 15 days with saline, estrogen, or progesterone, alone or in combination. Seven days after the start of hormone therapy females were placed with reproductively active males for 4 h per day for 9 days. There was no difference in egg-laying, courtship, and nest-building by control birds under the two photoregimes.Ovarian follicles remained small in all birds receiving hormone treatment. Oviducts of birds receiving progesterone alone remained small in the short-photoperiod group, but at long photoperiods oviducts became enlarged. Estrogen stimulated oviduct growth at both photoperiods. The combined hormone treatment resulted in considerably greater oviduct development than estrogen alone, and in this case the oviducts of birds under long photoperiod were significantly heavier than those of short-photoperiod birds.Female soliciting and nest-building activity remained low in progesterone-treated females under short photoperiod, but increased rapidly under long photoperiod. Birds treated with estrogen and estrogen and progesterone performed considerable soliciting and nest-building. There was a marked tendency for birds under long-photoperiod conditions to be more active in nest-oriented behaviour. Copulatory behaviour by the female (begging and sexual crouch) occurred infrequently in all hormone-treated birds.

scholarly journals The mating rate of Drosophila suzukii reduction due to reproductive interference from Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhuo Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Abstract Background Drosophila suzukii is widely distributed. Research has revealed that the presence of Drosophila melanogaster can reduce the emergence and egg laying of D. suzukii. However, the reasons for these phenomena have not yet been reported. To investigate this issue, we sought to answer three questions: Can the presence of D. melanogaster reduce the longevity of D. suzukii? Does D. melanogaster dominate in larval interspecific competition with D. suzukii? Does reproductive interference occur between these species; i.e., do individuals of one species (e.g., D. suzukii) engage in reproductive activities with individuals of the other (e.g., D. melanogaster) such that the fitness of one or both species is reduced? Results The results showed that the adult offspring number of Drosophila suzukii was significantly reduced when this species was reared with Drosophila melanogaster. The larval interspecific competition had no significant effects on Drosophila suzukii longevity or population size. Surprisingly, Drosophila melanogaster imposed reproductive interference on males of Drosophila suzukii, which led to a significant decline in the rate of successful mating of the latter species. Conclusions The presence of Drosophila melanogaster causes the population size of Drosophila suzukii to decrease through reproductive interference, and the rate of successful mating in Drosophila suzukii is significantly reduced in the presence of Drosophila melanogaster.

Reproductive behaviour in captive freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
NV Ruello ◽  
PF Moffitt ◽  
SG Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
First Record ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Building Activity ◽  
In Captivity

The nest building and beckoning behaviour, the female premating moult, the mating process, and parental care demonstrated by a pair of captive Macrobrachium australiense are described and compared with the reproductive activity previously recorded for several other palaemonid shrimps. This is believed to be the first record of nest building activity in the Natantia. Although M. australiense will breed in captivity without any apparent difficulty, the relatively low fecundity and small size of adults of this and most other Australian species of Macrobrachium seem to limit their economic potential for aquaculture.

scholarly journals Lower pollen nutritional quality delays nest building and egg laying in Bombus terrestris audax micro-colonies leading to reduced biomass gain

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Ryder ◽  
Andrew Cherrill ◽  
Helen M. Thompson ◽  
Keith F. A. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Pollen Species ◽  
Colony Performance ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe performance of Bombus terrestris micro-colonies fed five diets differing in pollen species composition and level of nine essential amino acids (EAA; leucine, lysine, valine, arginine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, histidine, methionine) was assessed for 37 days by recording total biomass gain, nest building initiation, brood production (eggs, small and large larvae, pupae, drones), nectar, and pollen collection. Stronger colony performance was linked to higher amino acid levels but no consistent differences in biomass gain were recorded between mono- and poly-species diets. Poorest performance occurred in micro-colonies offered pure oilseed rape (OSR) pollen which contained the lowest EAA levels. Reduced micro-colony development (delayed nest initiation and lower brood production) was related to OSR proportion in the diet and lower EAA levels. Results are discussed in relation to selection of plant species in the design of habitats to promote bee populations.

Hormonal and Experiential Factors Influencing the Nestbox Oriented Behaviour of Budgerigars (Melopsittacus Undulatus)

Behaviour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara F. Brockway
Keyword(s):  
Prior Experience ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractOther workers have shown that gonadal hormones can stimulate avian nest building and that there are species differences concerning the identity of the efficacious hormones. Nest building may be stimulated by estrogenic but not by androgenic material in one species. In another species, the converse is true. Budgerigars do not build nests. Their eggs are laid in tree-cavities. The female performs an easily quantified behaviour that is oriented to her prospective egg-laying site (a nestbox in the laboratory). This nestbox-oriented behaviour (NBOB) consists of remaining within the nestbox for various intervals throughout the day. This occurs daily, and she spends progressively more time within the nestbox as the day of initial oviposition approaches. Thus, NBOB is temporally and situationally related to nest building. A male rarely enters a nestbox unless he is engaging in courtship activities oriented to his mate. This report concerns laboratory studies that were conducted to determine: (1) the effects of different quantities of exogenous testosterone, estradiol and progesterone upon the NBOB of male and female budgerigars when they were individually-caged and unable to see or to hear members of the opposite sex, and (2) the effects of prior breeding experience(s) upon hormonally-induced NBOB. Four experiental types were studied: (V) virgins of either sex which, since fledging, had been visually isolated from the opposite sex and nestboxes; (Ex) males and females which had participated in at least one successful breeding cycle prior to this study; (V1) virgin females which were induced to perform NBOB but to maintain undeveloped ovaries; and (V2) virgin females which were induced to undergo full ovarian development and oviposition in the absence of nestboxes. Both intact and castrated males were studied. Ovarian hormones were given only to castrated males. No ovariectomized females were studied. Birds were injected thrice weekly and observed for 3 weeks. 1) Sexual identity and hormonal factors. Estradiol with or without progesterone stimulated NBOB by V and Ex males and females. The presence or absense of testicular androgens did not induce any male to perform NBOB. Larger (1.0 mg) quantities of testosterone induced females to perform NBOB, but such NBOB was atypically erratic. Testosterone-induced NBOB by females may have been a more direct manifestation of a testosterone-increased ovarian activity; however, the oviducts and ovaries of females receiving either 0.5 mg of 1.0 mg quantities of testosterone were not significantly heavier or larger than those of controls receiving only oil. Progesterone, alone, was just as ineffective as was the oil placebo: neither promoted any significant NBOB by males or females. These findings suggest that NBOB and nest building are not only related in temporal and situational ways, but share a common endocrinological denominator as well. Since NBOB appears to be primarily influenced by increased plasma levels of estrogenic material rather than by decreased levels of androgenic material, the NBOB of burgerigars is similar to the nest building of canaries and ring doves and diametrical to the androgen-stimulated nest building of black-crowned night herons. Estradiol with or without progesterone prompted females but not males to perform advanced phases of NBOB. Also females performed many phases of NBOB sooner than did males. Thus, males seem to be (genetically) less responsive to hormonal stimuli prompting NBOB than are females. 2) Experiential factors. In general, V birds of both sexes began to perform each phase of NBOB later and spent less time in nestbox occupation than did Ex birds receiving identical treatments. A previous study showed that Ex females, stimulated by either visual or vocal male courtship displays performed NBOB sooner than did V females. This prompted me to compare the ovarian follicle sizes and oviductal weights between Ex and V females receiving identical treatments and to examine the hormonally induced NBOB of V1 and V2 females. Since there were no significant differences in the ovarian and oviductal measurements between V and Ex females receiving identical injections, the differential response in the NBOB of V and Ex females does not seem to be solely due to a difference in the development of their reproductive tracts. Accordingly, we cannot say that male courtship more readily promotes NBOB with Ex than with V females because V females require more male stimulation in order to attain a given endogenous hormonal level or physiological state than do Ex females. Indeed prior experience may affect neural thresholds for response to given endogenous hormonal states without altering the response of reproductive organs. Perhaps Ex females are more readily induced to perform NBOB due to some factor involved in previous NBOB or a general familiarity with nestboxes. Data on V1 and V2 females supports this latter hypothesis. The onsets of each phase of NBOB and the amount of nestbox occupation were both potentiated by prior cxperience(s) concerning nestboxes. Prior experience(s) concerning heterosexual interactions or full ovarian activity and oviposition did not significantly affect hormonally induced NBOB.

Ovarian activity during the annual reproductive cycle and nesting cycle of a wild avian species, the pied myna (Sturnus contra contra)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 958-966
Author(s):  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
B. R. Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Gland Cell ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Thecal Gland

Ovarian activity was studied during the annual reproductive cycle and nesting cycle in the Indian pied myna (Sturnus contra contra). The investigation was carried out on the basis of gravimetric, histological (gross and quantitative), and histochemical (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and lipids) studies. In the ovary of the pied myna, four types of healthy follicles (primordial, small developing, large developing, and yolky) were recognized; the stroma showed gland cells. Steroidogenic activity was marked in the theca and granulosa of the follicles, and it altered with the growth of the follicles. The probable source of stromal gland cells is discussed. The ovarian activity changed over the course of the year with four distinct phases, viz., progressive (February to April), breeding (May), regression (June to July), and nonbreeding (August to January) phases. Ovarian weight, largest follicular diameter, populations of larger follicles, and thecal gland cell mass increased gradually from February through April, became maximal in May, decreased in June and July, and became minimal during August through January. Yolky follicles developed only in May. Stromal gland cell mass was abundant in March, decreased from April to June, was almost absent from July to September, reappeared in October, and gradually increased afterwards. Steroidogenic activity of the thecal and stromal gland cells also changed with the annual ovarian cycle; it was absent during July through September and reappeared in October. The granulosa cells showed steroid activity only in May. During the nesting cycle, ovarian activity increased rapidly from early nest-building to egg-laying periods and declined during incubation and nestling periods; this was evident from changes in ovarian weight, largest follicular diameter, thecal gland mass, and populations of larger follicles. Yolky follicles were seen during late nest-building, egg-laying, and incubation periods. Stromal gland cell mass decreased gradually during the nesting cycle. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydogenase activity was maximal in the nest-building period.

Male Song Stimulation of Female Reproduction in Canaries: Features Relevant to Sexual Displays are not Relevant to Nest-building or Egg-laying

Ethology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Leboucher ◽  
Violaine Depraz ◽  
Michel Kreutzer ◽  
Laurent Nagle
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Male Song ◽  
Stimulation Of

Invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) affect egg-laying and behaviour of Spanish pygmy newts (Triturus pygmaeus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Cabrera-Guzmán ◽  
Carmen Díaz-Paniagua ◽  
Ivan Gomez-Mestre
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Amphibian Declines ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Gambusia Holbrooki ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Eastern Mosquitofish

Abstract Invasive species are one of the main causes of amphibian declines worldwide, often through direct predation. Even species or life stages that may not be prone to predation by invasive animals can be affected through alterations of their reproductive behaviour and/or performance. This aspect is less commonly investigated, and may be important for understanding the full impact of invasive species on local amphibian populations. We used laboratory experiments to measure effects of the invasive Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) on gravid pygmy newts (Triturus pygmaeus) from southern Spain. Gravid newts altered their position in the water column by moving from the bottom of the aquaria to the surface when in the presence of free-swimming mosquitofish, presumably to reduce physical contact with them. Newts also detected and consumed less prey in presence of free mosquitofish. Newts exposed to caged or free-swimming mosquitofish laid fewer eggs than newts not exposed to the invasive species, suggesting that chemical or visual cues alone were sufficient to alter the behaviour of gravid newts. Our results suggest that mosquitofish can reduce the reproductive success of native pygmy newts in the wild, highlighting the need for management efforts to mitigate this impact.

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