Primary wing-moult in relation to body-mass, wing-length and latitude in four insectivorous passerines from southern Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378
Author(s):  
Bo T. Bonnevie ◽  
Adrian J. F. K. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Wing Moult

scholarly journals Patterns of Growth in Nestling Indian Barn-Owls

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan ◽  
Krishinamoorthy Thiyagesan ◽  
Rajagopalan Natarajan ◽  
Ramalingam Kanakasabai
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Bill Length

Abstract We examined nestling growth patterns of the Indian Barn-Owl (Tyto alba stertens) in Tamilnadu, Southern India, with reference to body mass, body length, bill length, bill width, wing length, wingspan, tail length, tarsus length, and middle claw length. Body mass reached an asymptote of 447.0 ± 6.8 g during week 7, which was 10% higher than the adult mass. Then it significantly declined to 437.0 ± 10.9 g at fledging. At the end of week 4, the body length, bill length, bill width, tarsus length, and middle toe length had surpassed 50% of adult sizes. The wingspan and tarsus length reached almost adult size by the time of fledging. A logistic growth curve was found to be a good fit for all the growth variables and explained between 71% (wing length) and 86% (body length) of the variance. Patrones de Crecimiento en Polluelos de Tyto alba stertens Resumen. Examinamos los patrones de crecimiento de polluelos de Tyto alba stertens en Tamilnadu, sudoeste de India, en relación al peso y el largo del cuerpo, el largo y el ancho del pico, el largo del ala y su envergadura, y el largo de la cola, los tarsos y de la garra mediana. El peso corporal alcanzó una asíntota de 447.0 ± 6.8 g durante la séptima semana, el cual fue un 10% mayor que el peso de los adultos. Posteriormente, durante el período de volantones, el peso corporal disminuyó hasta 437.0 ± 10.9 g. Al final de la cuarta semana, el largo del cuerpo, el largo y el ancho del pico, y los largos del tarso y del dedo mediano habían sobrepasado el 50% de los tamaños adultos. La envergadura del ala y el largo del tarso casi alcanzaron tamaños adultos durante el período de volantones. Se encontró que una curva de crecimiento logístico se ajustó bien a todas las variables de crecimiento y explicó un 71% (largo del ala) y un 86% (largo del cuerpo) de la varianza.

scholarly journals Philopatry to Stopover Site and Body Condition of Transient Reed Warblers During Autumn Migration Through Israel

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobi Merom ◽  
Yoram Yom-Tov ◽  
Robin McClery
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Acrocephalus Scirpaceus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Mass Increase

Abstract Philopatry to stopover site and changes in body condition of migrating Reed Warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus were studied in Bet Shean Valley, Israel, where warblers were netted throughout the year. Although the majority of birds were seen only once, the proportion of transients seen twice or more in different years is comparable to the figure for summer residents returning between years, indicating a high degree of philopatry among transients. Transients get heavier with longer duration of stay, up to about 15 days, after which body mass increase appears to level off at about 3 g. Change in body condition, taken to be body mass divided by wing length, also was noted, albeit of less significance. The mean date of arrival in the autumn of birds in their first year was about 20 days later than that of older birds. Reed Warblers use their time effectively to replenish their body mass and improve their condition before starting the dangerous crossing of the Sahara Desert.

scholarly journals Movements and flight morphology in the endangered Large Blue butterflies

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Skórka ◽  
Piotr Nowicki ◽  
Joanna Kudłek ◽  
Aleksandra Pępkowska ◽  
Ewa Śliwińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Flight Morphology ◽  
Mark Release Recapture ◽  
The Difference

AbstractMovements and flight morphology of the endangered Large Blue butterflies Phengaris teleius and P. nausithous in southern Poland were studied with mark-release-recapture surveys and GIS analyses. Most individuals moved relatively small distances (<40 metres) within their habitat patches. Distances covered by both species were positively related to season progression and wing length, and negatively related to body mass. P. teleius movement distances slightly exceeded those of P. nausithous. In addition, females moved longer distances than males, although the difference was significant only in P. teleius. Morphological traits appeared to be good indicators of the inter-specific and inter-sexual differences in mobility. While P. teleius individuals were heavier than P. nausithous ones, they had considerably longer wings, which may explain longer movements in the former species. Similarly, females were heavier than males in both species, but they invested more in wing size, which is likely to compensate for the negative impact of body mass on movement distances. Our results indicate that combination of GIS analysis of movement distances recorded with mark-release-recapture methods and morphometric measurements taken in field during non-lethal handling of captured individuals proved useful for studying the mobility potential of the endangered insect species.

Body Mass, Wing Length, and Condition of Wintering Ducks Relative to Hematozoa Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Fleskes ◽  
Andrew M. Ramey ◽  
Andrew B. Reeves ◽  
Julie L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Northern Pintail

Abstract Waterfowl managers lack information regarding factors that may be reducing the positive response of waterfowl body condition to habitat improvements. Protozoan blood parasites (i.e., hematozoa) are commonly found in birds and have been related to reduced body mass, wing length, and body condition. We studied relationships between 12 measures of hematozoa infection and body mass, wing length, and body mass divided by wing length (i.e., body condition index) of the five most common duck species (northern pintail [Anas acuta], mallard [A. platyrhynchos], green-winged teal [A. crecca], American wigeon [A. americana], northern shoveler [A. clypeata]) wintering in the Central Valley of California during October 2006–January 2007. After accounting for variation due to species, age–sex cohort, Central Valley region, and month, wing length, body mass, and body condition index were found to be negatively related to infection by Leucocytozoon and by “any hematozoa” but not related to infection by only Plasmodium or Haemoproteus, or coinfections of greater than one genus or parasite haplotype (albeit few ducks had Plasmodium or Haemoproteus infection or coinfections). Evidence of a negative relationship with infection was stronger for body mass and body condition index than for wing length and indicated that the relationships varied among species, age–sex cohorts, regions, and months. Compared with uninfected ducks, hematozoa-infected duck body mass, wing length, and body condition index was −1.63% (85% CI = −2.79% to −0.47%), −0.12% (−0.41% to 0.17%), and −1.38% (−2.49% to −0.26%), respectively. Although seemingly small, the −1.63% difference in body mass represents a large percentage (e.g., 38% for northern pintail) of the observed increase in wintering duck body mass associated with Central Valley habitat improvements. Because infection prevalence and relationship to body condition might change over time because of climate or other factors, tracking hematozoa infection prevalence might be important to inform and accurately assess the effect of conservation programs designed to improve waterfowl body condition.

The moment of inertia of bird wings and the inertial power requirement for flapping flight

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Berg ◽  
J Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Inertial Effects ◽  
Metabolic Power ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
The Moment

The agility and manoeuvrability of a flying animal and the inertial power required to flap the wings are related to the moment of inertia of the wings. The moments of inertia of the wings of 29 bird species and three bat species were determined using wing strip analysis. We also measured wing length, wing span, wing area, wing mass and body mass. A strong correlation (r2=0.997) was found between the moment of inertia and the product of wing mass and the square of wing length. Using this relationship, it was found that all birds that use their wings for underwater flight had a higher than average moment of inertia. Assuming sinusoidal wing movement, the inertial power requirement was found to be proportional to (body mass)0.799, an exponent close to literature values for both metabolic power output and minimum power required for flight. Ignoring wing retraction, a fairly approximate estimate showed that the inertial power required is 11&shy;15 % of the minimum flight power. If the kinetic energy of the wings is partly converted into aerodynamic (useful) work at stroke reversal, the power loss due to inertial effects may be smaller.

Temporal Changes in Wing Length, Fat Reserves and Body Mass of Migrating Eurasian Blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla at a West Hungarian Stopover Site

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
József Gyurácz ◽  
Péter Bánhidi ◽  
József Góczán ◽  
Péter Illés ◽  
Sándor Kalmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Sylvia Atricapilla ◽  
Stopover Site ◽  
Fat Reserves
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