Low Temperature-Induced GA3 Sensitivity of Wheat. IV. Comparison of Low Temperature Effects on the Phospholipids of Aleurone Tissue of Dwarf and Tall Wheat

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Singh ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Close Temporal Relationship

Low temperature effects on the phospholipids of F6 Rht 3/rht 3 isogenic lines of wheat were studied. Significant low-temperature-induced (5°C) augmentation in the phospholipids of the dwarf selection were detected. More specifically, a 20 h-5°C preincubation enhanced considerably the levels of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the aleurone tissue of the dwarf selection. In addition, these changes displayed a very close temporal relationship with the low- temperature-induced increase in gibberellic acid (GA3) sensitivity. In the case of the tall selection, only the imbibition of water was required to initiate the synthesis of major phospholipids of its aleurone tissue and low temperature preincubation had no effect on either the phospholipids or their fatty acid constituents. These results are discussed in the light of the hypotheses that GA3 receptor sites are membrane-based lipids and that the Rht gene causes an aberration in the phospholipid metabolism of the aleurone tissue which can be corrected by low temperature.

Low-Temperature-Induced GA3 Sensitivity of Wheat. III. Comparison of Low Temperature Effects on α-Amylase Production by Aleurone Tissue of Dwarf and Tall Wheat

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Singh ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
Low Temperature Exposure

The low temperature effect on the gibberellic acid (GA3) sensitivity (measured as a-amylase production) of aleurone tissue or deembryonated seed of dwarf and tall wheat (F6 Rht 3/rht 3 isogenic lines) was studied. The results indicated that the low-temperature-induced increase in GA3 response is: quantitative and temporal; GA3 concentration-dependent; without effect on the lag-time of a-amylase production, and operative in the aleurone tissue of dwarf (Rht 3-containing) wheat. All these characteristics of the low temperature response of the Rht 3-containing aleurone tissue are similar to those reported earlier for Rht 1-containing and Rht 2-containing aleurone tissue. The present results support the hypothesis that low temperature exposure is able to cure or reverse the genetic lesions manifest in the aleurone tissue containing the Rht allele and that this may be mediated via an increase in GA3 receptor sites.

Low-Temperature-Induced GA3 Sensitivity of Wheat. VI. Effect of Inhibitors of Lipid Biosynthesis on α-Amylase Production by Dwarf (Rht3) and Tall (Rht) Wheat, and on Lipid Metabolism of Tall Wheat Aleurone Tissue

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Singh ◽  
LG Paleg
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Lipid Biosynthesis ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Sensitivity ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Aleurone Tissue ◽  
Effect Of Inhibitors

The effects of six inhibitors, gammexane, diclofop-methyl, chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, BASF 13-338 and SK&F 7997-A3, known to be involved in the inhibition of lipid biosynthesis, on the α-amylase response and lipid metabolism of the dwarf and tall wheats were examined. The results are discussed in the light of the proposed relationship between the rht alleles, phospholipid synthesis and gibberellic acid-sensitivity.

Reversal of Low Temperature Effects on a Tropical Plant by Gibberellic Acid 1

Crop Science ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karbassi ◽  
L. A. Garrard ◽  
S. H. West
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Tropical Plant

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid-stimulated α-amylase secretion and phospholipid metabolism in wheat aleurone tissue

1982 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Mirbahar ◽  
D L Laidman
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Amylase Secretion ◽  
Pulse Labelling ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Endomembrane Flow ◽  
Aleurone Tissue

1. Turnovers of [14C]glycerol-labelled phospholipids in wheat aleurone tissue have been measured by using a pulse-decay technique. The most metabolically active phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. 2. Gibberellic acid action on the tissue led to breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and stimulated turnover of the other phosphatides concomitant with the secretion of alpha-amylase from the tissue. After pulse-labelling of the aleurone tissue with [14C]glycerol, radioactivity was lost from the phospholipids and appeared quantitatively in triacylglycerols, suggesting a stoichiometric metabolism of the former into the latter. Although 1,2-diacylglycerol is an expected intermediate in such a conversion, the patterns of radioactivity in diacylglycerols gave no indication of this. 3. Several aspects of the response of aleurone tissue to gibberellic acid resemble the responses of exocytotic animal tissues to external agonists. In particular, our results and previous reports in the literature suggest that endomembrane flow, exocytosis, phosphatidylinositol turnover and a requirement of Ca2+ for enzyme secretion are common to both plant and animal systems. Although considerable differences also exist between the two, the similarities are sufficient to warrant further consideration that plants and animals might have conserved a similar hormone response-secretion mechanism.

scholarly journals Low-temperature effects on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. TIO01 and its proposed underlying mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Hu ◽  
April L. Clevenger ◽  
Peng Zheng ◽  
Qiongye Huang ◽  
Zhaokai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fas Pathway

Abstract Background Schizochytrium species are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in many species. This study investigates low-temperature effects on DHA biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp. TIO01 and its underlying mechanism. Results The Schizochytrium fatty acid biosynthesis pathway was evaluated based on de novo genome assembly (contig N50 = 2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are, respectively, responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis in Schizochytrium. Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA in Schizochytrium, increasing the DHA content from 43 to 65% of total fatty acids. However, the expression levels of PKS pathway genes were not significantly regulated as the DHA content increased. Further, gene expression analysis showed that pathways related to the production of substrates (acetyl-CoA and NADPH) for fatty acid synthesis (the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway) and genes related to saturated fatty acid biosynthesis (the FAS pathway genes and malic enzyme) were, respectively, upregulated and downregulated. These results indicate that low temperatures increase the DHA content by likely promoting the entry of relatively large amounts of substrates into the PKS pathway. Conclusions In this study, we provide genomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic evidence for the fatty acid synthesis pathway in Schizochytrium and propose a mechanism by which low temperatures promote the accumulation of DHA in Schizochytrium. The high-quality and nearly complete genome sequence of Schizochytrium provides a valuable reference for investigating the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and the evolutionary characteristics of Thraustochytriidae species.

scholarly journals Sustainable Large-Scale Aquaculture of the Northern Hemisphere Sea Lettuce, Ulva fenestrata, in an Off-Shore Seafarm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 615
Author(s):  
Sophie Steinhagen ◽  
Swantje Enge ◽  
Karin Larsson ◽  
Joakim Olsson ◽  
Göran M. Nylund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Ulva Fenestrata ◽  
High Nutrient

The growing world population demands an increase in sustainable resources for biorefining. The opening of new farm grounds and the cultivation of extractive species, such as marine seaweeds, increases worldwide, aiming to provide renewable biomass for food and non-food applications. The potential for European large-scale open ocean farming of the commercial green seaweed crop Ulva is not yet fully realized. Here we conducted manipulative cultivation experiments in order to investigate the effects of hatchery temperature (10 and 15 °C), nutrient addition (PES and 3xPES) and swarmer density (500 and 10,000 swarmers ml−1) on the biomass yield and biochemical composition (fatty acid, protein, carbohydrate, pigment and phenolic content) of off-shore cultivated Ulva fenestrata in a Swedish seafarm. High seedling densities were optimal for the growth of this northern hemisphere crop strain and significantly increased the mean biomass yield by ~84% compared to low seedling densities. Variations of nutrients or changes in temperature levels during the hatchery phase were not necessary to increase the subsequent growth in an open-water seafarm, however effects of the factors on the thallus habitus (thallus length/width) were observed. We found no significant effect of the environmental factors applied in the hatchery on the total fatty acid or crude protein content in the off-shore cultivated Ulva. However, low seedling density and low temperature increased the total carbohydrate content and furthermore, high temperature in combination with high nutrient levels decreased the pigment content (chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids). Low temperature in combination with high nutrient levels increased the phenolic content. Our study confirms the successful and sustainable potential for large-scale off-shore cultivation of the Scandinavian crop U. fenestrata. We conclude that high seedling density in the hatchery is most important for increasing the total biomass yield of sea-farmed U. fenestrata, and that changing temperature or addition of nutrients overall does not have a large effect on the biochemical composition. To summarize, our study contributes novel insights into the large-scale off-shore cultivation potential of northern hemisphere U. fenestrata and underpins suitable pre-treatments during the hatchery phase of seedlings to facilitate a successful and cost-efficient large-scale rope cultivation.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Provide Insights into the Upregulation of Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Metabolism in Tomato Fruit under Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2894-2905
Author(s):  
Hiroko Asakura ◽  
Takashi Yamakawa ◽  
Tomoko Tamura ◽  
Reiko Ueda ◽  
Shu Taira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism
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