Eocene fault-controlled fluid flow and mineralization in the Paradox Basin, United States

Sedimentary rocks of the Paradox Basin of the Colorado Plateau (southwestern USA) record widespread manifestations of paleo–fluid flow and fluid-rock reactions including Cu, U-V, and Fe-Mn mineral deposits, Si and Ca metasomatism, hydrocarbon accumulations, and bleached sandstones. Many of these are spatially associated with faults. Here we show evidence for a widespread phase of fault-related fluid migration and mineralization at 41–48 Ma in the Paradox Basin. We measured K-Ar dates of multiple size fractions of clay-rich fault gouge, yielding statistically overlapping dates of authigenic (1Md) illite for the Salt Valley (47.0 ± 3.0 Ma), Kane Springs (47.7 ± 3.8 Ma), Cliffdweller (43.4 ± 4.6 Ma), Courthouse (41.9 ± 2.3 Ma), Lisbon Valley (45.3 ± 0.9 Ma), and GTO (48.1 ± 2.6 Ma) faults. The latter two have an illite Rb-Sr isochron age of 50.9 ± 3.5 Ma, and fault-adjacent bornite has a Re-Os isochron age of 47.5 ± 1.5 Ma. Authigenic illite from a paleo–oil reservoir near the Courthouse fault formed from the interaction of reduced fluids with oxidized red-bed sandstones at 41.1 ± 2.5 Ma. The Moab and Keystone faults have older authigenic illite ages of 59.1 ± 5.7 Ma and 65.2 ± 1.0 Ma, respectively. Our results show a close temporal relationship between fault gouge formation, red-bed bleaching, and Cu mineralization during an enigmatic time interval, raising questions about drivers of Eocene fluid flow.

A STUDY OF ETIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF ACUTE SYMPTOMATIC SEIZURES IN ADULTS

The word seizure is derived from Latin word “Sacire” meaning ‘to take possession of’. Seizure disorders are found Epilepsy can be broadly divided into idiopathic and symptomatic disorders. Idiopathic epilepsies are not associated with brain lesions or neurological abnormalities. They tend to be self limited and often respond well to antiepileptic therapy.An acute symptomatic seizure was defined in a recent recommendation from the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE ) as a clinical seizure occurring in close temporal relationship with an acute central nervous system insult which may be metabolic, toxic, infectious or inflammatory. Seizures are common disorders found all over the that may require urgent attention and treatment to reverse world and are encountered frequently during medical potentially damaging causes. Such seizures are practice in variety of settings. Annually approximately considered to be an acute manifestation of the insult and 150,000 adults will present with a first seizure in the may not recur when the underlying cause has been United State1. India is home to about 10 million people removed or the acute phase has elapsed. The knowledge with epilepsy (prevalence of about 1%). An epileptic of the etiologic risk factors of acute symptomatic seizures seizure is an episode of neurologic dysfunction in which in third-world countries will invariably contribute to the abnormal neuronal firing is manifest clinically by changes effort aimed at preventing and managing medical conditions frequently complicated by seizures. The differential diagnosis of a single seizure includes psychogenic non-epileptic events, cardiac and neurogenic syncope, transient ischemic attacks, sleep disorders, and panic attacks.

Cardio circulatory and respiratory monitoring of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

Respiratory support in terms of mechanical ventilation is very common in critically ill patients. These patients are often hemodynamically unstable too. The mechanophysiology of mechanical ventilation also affects other organ system and needs assessment and management accordingly. The procedure is not devoid of complication. It also has potential to failure to achieve the treatment objective requiring frequent assessment and adjustment. There is a very close temporal relationship between patients monitoring and management decision in critically ill patients in critical care practice. Early and appropriate information from monitoring can lead to better outcome including reduced mortality. The present review is intended to briefly highlight the current opinions and strategies for cardio circulatory and respiratory monitoring in such patients in critical care unit. Received: 4 Jun 2018Reviewed: 6 Jun 2018Accepted: 13 Sep 2018 Citation: Karim HMR. Cardio circulatory and respiratory monitoring of mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Anaesth Pain & Intensive Care 2018;22 Suppl 1:S142-S149

Clinical characteristics of headaches attributed to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures

Headaches may appear after performing diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedures with close temporal relationship to these events. The objective of this research was to know the clinical characteristics of headache secondary to diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedures. We reviewed secondary headaches according to ICHD-3, and searched for those that arose after performing a diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedure. A total of 11 different diagnoses of headache attributed to diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedures were found. Some secondary headaches are due to diagnostic and / or therapeutic procedures.

Febrile illness and bicytopenia within hours after tick-borne encephalitis booster vaccination

We report the case of a 20-year-old male complaining of sudden-onset, severe headaches, fever, chills, and generalized arthralgia. He had no symptoms of a respiratory tract infection. Blood examination revealed severe leukopenia and mild to moderate thrombocytopenia. Onset of symptoms was rapid, intense, and occurred only a few hours after routine tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) booster vaccine. The question of a relationship between booster vaccine administration and the febrile illness with bicytopenia was raised. A broad range of diagnostics excluded infections and other causes for bicytopenia. Symptoms resolved within a few days, and blood counts normalized within two weeks. Due to the close temporal relationship, a transient benign bicytopenia and febrile illness as a systemic reaction to TBE vaccination was assumed. Review of the literature and adverse event reporting systems suggest that this is a very rare reaction.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Associated With Chlordiazepoxide

Objective: To report a case of chlordiazepoxide-associated Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Case Summary: This case provides insight into a serious adverse drug reaction secondary to a drug not commonly associated with SJS. A 29-year-old female presented with a 4-day history of rash and pruritus. The rash started on her arms and spread all over her body. The patient was started on chlordiazepoxide 3½ weeks ago. On examination, there were multiple, raised, round erythematous lesions in various stages of healing. Skin erosions were noted on her lips and buccal mucosa. However, the rash did not involve the conjunctiva, inner ears, or genitalia. The patient was discharged home with a follow-up appointment with dermatology and instructions to discontinue chlordiazepoxide. Two days after her initial presentation, the patient’s rash spread to her eyes and genitalia. A painful, white film developed on her tongue, and she was unable to tolerate oral intake. She was emergently sent back to hospital and transferred to a Burn Unit. The biopsy report revealed full-thickness necrotizing keratinocytes in the epidermis consistent with SJS. Discussion: To our knowledge, there is only one other case report of chlordiazepoxide-associated SJS. Chlordiazepoxide is thought to be the cause of this patient’s biopsy-confirmed SJS and overall presentation. SJS is a rare but serious condition that is usually a result of drug exposure. Conclusions: The close temporal relationship between chlordiazepoxide initiation and onset of SJS provides a convincing theory as to the etiology of SJS in our patient.

Epidemiology of Acute Symptomatic Seizures among Adult Medical Admissions

Acute symptomatic seizures are seizures occurring in close temporal relationship with an acute central nervous system (CNS) insult. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of presentation and etiological risk factors of acute symptomatic seizures among adult medical admissions. It was a two-year retrospective study of the medical files of adults patients admitted with acute symptomatic seizures as the first presenting event. There were 94 cases of acute symptomatic seizures accounting for 5.2% (95% CI: 4.17–6.23) of the 1,802 medical admissions during the period under review. There were 49 (52.1%) males and 45 (47.9%) females aged between 18 years and 84 years. The etiological risk factors of acute symptomatic seizures were infections in 36.2% (n=34) of cases, stroke in 29.8% (n=28), metabolic in 12.8% (n=12), toxic in 10.6% (n=10), and other causes in 10.6% (n=10). Infective causes were more among those below fifty years while stroke was more in those aged fifty years and above. CNS infections and stroke were the prominent causes of acute symptomatic seizures. This is an evidence of the “double tragedy” facing developing countries, the unresolved threat of infectious diseases on one hand and the increasing impact of noncommunicable diseases on the other one.

Different Types of Cardiac Arrhythmias Shown In Holter ECG Monitoring of 100 Patients Studied in NICVD

Ambulatory ECG monitoring is suitable for patients with symptoms which may be caused by arrhythmia such as palpitation, light-headedness, syncope or chest discomfort. Patients with symptoms occurring daily or almost daily or those who have syncope without warning may be evaluated with a 24 hour Holter monitoring. Objective of this study is to determine incidences of various arrhythmias on 24-hour electrocardiographic Holter monitoring. This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the cardiology department of NICVD by reviewing the Holter monitoring report to study different types of cardiac arrhythmias. Adult patients of either gender, referred for Holter monitoring with symptoms of palpitation, dizziness and syncope were evaluated for arrhythmia. The data analysis of the 100 patients who were studied, showed that there were 75 (75%) males and 25 (25%) females. 25% of patients were below 40 years whereas 75% were above 40 years of age. 67(67%) patients developed arrhythmia and others were normal. 38% report showed ventricular ectopic, 11% sick sinus syndrome, 5% ventricular tachycardia, 3% complete heart block. Supraventricular ectopic, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation and Wolf Parkinson White syndrome each developed in only 1% of patients. Twenty four hour Holter monitoring is an important investigation for evaluation of patients with palpitation, dizziness and syncope. Arrhythmias were detected frequently in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. One must be careful to avoid attributing a symptom to an arrhythmia until a close temporal relationship is demonstrated.Medicine Today 2014 Vol.26(2): 71-74

Migraine-triggered hemifacial spasm: three new cases

Background: The occurrence of hemifacial spasm (HFS) during an episode of migraine has been seldom reported. Here we describe three new cases presenting with HFS in association with migraine attacks. Case results: Three patients (one woman and two men, aged 31–36 years) developed HFS in close temporal relationship with migraine headaches. All of them started having the muscle spasms after pain onset. Two of them had electromyographic evidence of facial nerve damage, and continued having HFS once the pain abated. Conclusions: Migraine attacks may be associated with HFS. The appearance of HFS could be related to migraine activity. A mechanism of central hyperexcitability in connection with nociceptive inputs on the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and/or a dilation of vessels compressing the facial nerve at the root exit zone could lead to the development of HFS in predisposed patients. ‘Migraine-triggered hemifacial spasm’ could possibly be regarded as a complication of migraine.

Sex Differences in Competition-Based Attentional Selection

Recent studies on attentional selection demonstrate that women are more influenced by irrelevant spatial cues or distracters than men. Two possible sources can be assumed to determine this alteration in information processing. Women might suffer from deficient top-down control, which makes attentional filters less efficient. On the other hand, higher integration of information presented in close temporal relationship might mimic a deficit in spatial cueing tasks. The latter should be restricted to conditions in which contradicting information is processed. In the present study, participants had to detect changes in luminance and to ignore orientation changes of stimuli that were presented in the fast succession of two visual frames. Women committed more errors when luminance and orientation changes were presented simultaneously at distinct spatial locations (perceptual conflict) compared to men. In no other condition a difference in performance between women and men was observed. Also sensory components of the electroencephalogram showed no sex differences at all. Only posterior components related to intentional allocation of attention in conflict trials appear to be altered in women compared to men. An enhanced N2pc was evoked in women when the perceptual conflict was high. The data provide evidence that neither very early sensory processing nor the top-down control in general is deficient in women. Enhanced distractibility rather arises from a stronger integration of information, which might be due to enhanced interhemispheric information integration in women compared to men.