Effect of Photoperiod on Growth and Development of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Keating ◽  
GL Wilson ◽  
JP Evenson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Controlled Environments

Effects of photoperiod on growth and development of cassava were studied in controlled environments. Plants of cultivars M Aus 7 and M Aus 10 were grown under short (10-h) and long (16-h) photoperiods and harvested at approximately weekly intervals for a period of 13 weeks. Long photoperiods resulted in large increases in leaf area through increases in both number (both cultivars) and size of leaves (M Aus 7 only). The timing, extent and anatomical characteristics of storage root initiation were similar for both cultivars under 10-h and 16-h photoperiods but the subsequent balance between shoot and storage root growth strongly favoured shoot growth in long days. Dry matter partitioning followed a simple allometric pattern with the proportionality between the relative growth rate of shoots and the relative growth rate of storage roots remaining constant with time but being altered by photoperiod. Distribution to storage roots was quantitatively reduced in another experiment using M Aus 10 with each additional 1-h increment from 10-h to 16-h photoperiods. A treatment consisting of a short day (10 h) plus a 1-h night break in the middle of the dark period produced growth similar to long day treatment. Differences in cultivar response (Ceiba, CMC 84 and M Aus 7) to a range of photoperiods (11, 12, 13 and 14 h) were detected in a third experiment. The possible mechanisms and significance of these responses are discussed.

The effect of photoperiod on the growth and development of Echinochloa spp. Millets

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
Main Tiller

Two cultivars of Echinochloa utilis, Ohwi et Yabuno, and one E.frumentacea (Roxb.) Link cultivar were grown in a glasshouse under three photoperiod regimes: naturally varying photoperiods (1 2-1 3 h), and fixed photoperiods of 14 and 16 h. Both species behaved as quantitative short-day plants although, in E. utilis, extending the photoperiod from 14 to 16 h delayed head emergence disproportionately. The delay in head emergence did not affect the relative growth rate, and longer photoperiods led to higher shoot weights; main tiller leaf number increased only slightly. The commencement of apical meristem elevation was delayed under longer photoperiods, a feature believed to be beneficial to regrowth. A time-of-sowing study in the field illustrated the effect of this short-day response upon crop development. Sixteen introduced E. utilis cultivars and 10 E. frumentacea cultivars also behaved as quantitative short-day plants. Within each species there were differences between cultivars in sensitivity to photoperiod. Some cultivars of E. utilis were very late and had abnormal head emergence at 16 h. Latitudinal effects on the performance of these cultivars are discussed.

The Genesis of Form in Casuarinaceae

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RA Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The growth and development of the shoot apex of Casuarina distyla, in which the leaves commonly occur in whorls of 6-8 members, is described. The mature apex of C. torulosa, a species with only four leaves per whorl, is also described. Stages in the development of the apex of C. distyla are illustrated with three-dimensional scale drawings. The fused stem-and-leaf nature of the vegetative axis is recognized and the growth of the blade, tube and buttress portions of the axes is presented in units of length and volume. Stages in the development of axillary buds are illustrated with three-dimensional scale drawings. Phyllotactic parameters for whorled systems of phyllotaxis in Nerium and Casuarina are presented along with those for decussate systems in Eucalyptus. The role of physical constraint in the genesis of form and the determination of rates of growth in shoot apices are discussed and it is suggested that rapid maturation of tissues may contribute to the continuous fall in the relative growth rate of the leaves.

The effect of nursery substrate and fertilization on the growth and ectomycorrhizal status of containerized and outplanted seedlings of Picea abies

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Min Vaario ◽  
Arja Tervonen ◽  
Kati Haukioja ◽  
Markku Haukioja ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Wood Fibre ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Over a 5 year period, we examined the influence of substrate and fertilization on nursery growth and outplanting performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We focused on the relative growth and development of roots and shoots and the colonization intensity and diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. In the nursery, a conventional substrate (low-humified Sphagnum peat) supplemented with woody material (wood fibre and pine bark) and either mineral or organic fertilizers yielded shorter seedlings than those grown on the unmodified substrate. However, after outplanting, the growth rate of seedlings cultivated on modified substrates was higher than that of seedlings grown on the unmodified substrate. Seedlings cultivated in modified substrates had significantly higher root/shoot ratios and ECM diversity; the latter remained significant after ≥3 years of outplanting. Seedlings grown on a substrate containing 50% woody material and supplemented with organic fertilizer had the highest growth rate among all seedlings during the 3 year period of outplanting. Colonization intensity of ECM fungi was high in all seedlings except for those grown in heavily fertilized substrate. This study suggests that nursery techniques that produce seedlings with higher root/shoot ratios and ECM diversities could improve plantation success and growth rate for at least the first 3 years of outplanting.

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