The Heat-Shock Response and Expression of Heat-Shock Proteins in Wheat Under Diurnal Heat Stress and Field Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
HT Nguyen ◽  
CP Joshi ◽  
N Klueva ◽  
J Weng ◽  
KL Hendershot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Shock Proteins

The occurrence of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in response to high temperature stress is a universal phenomenon in higher plants and has been well documented. However, in agriculturally important species, less is known about the expression of HSPs under natural environments. A review of the heat-shock response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is presented and recent results on the expression of wheat HSPs under diurnal stress and field conditions are reported. In the field experiment, flag leaf blade temperatures were obtained and leaf blades collected for northern blot analysis using HSP 16.9 cDNA as a probe. Temperatures of leaf blades ranged from 32 to 35�C under the tested field conditions at New Deal near Lubbock, Texas. Messenger RNAs encoding a major class of low molecular weight HSPs, HSP 16.9, were detected in all wheat genotypes examined. The results suggested that HSPs are synthesised in response to heat stress under agricultural production, and furthermore, that HSPs are produced in wheats differing in geographic background. In the controlled growth chamber experiment, HSP expression in two wheat cultivars, Mustang (heat tolerant) and Sturdy (heat susceptible) were analysed to determine if wheat genotypes differing in heat tolerance differ in in vitro HSP synthesis (translatable HSP mRNAs) under a chronic, diurnal heat-stress regime. Leaf tissues were collected from seedlings over a time-course and poly (A)+RNAs were isolated for in vitro translation and 2-D gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles shown in the 2-D gel analysis revealed that there were not only quantitative differences of individual HSPs between these two wheat lines, but also some unique HSPs which were only found in the heat tolerant line. This data provides evidence of a correlation between HSP synthesis and heat tolerance in wheat under a simulated field environment and suggests that further genetic analysis of HSPs in a segregating population is worthy of investigation. In conclusion, the results of this study provide an impetus for the investigation of the roles of HSP genes in heat tolerance in wheat.

Heat Shock Response in the Thermophilic Enteric Yeast Arxiozyma telluris

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 3063-3065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Deegenaars ◽  
Kenneth Watson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Hsp 90

ABSTRACT Heat stress tolerance was examined in the thermophilic enteric yeast Arxiozyma telluris. Heat shock acquisition of thermotolerance and synthesis of heat shock proteins hsp 104, hsp 90, hsp 70, and hsp 60 were induced by a mild heat shock at temperatures from 35 to 40°C for 30 min. The results demonstrate that a yeast which occupies a specialized ecological niche exhibits a typical heat shock response.

scholarly journals Small Heat Shock Proteins, Morphological and Physiological Characteristics Associated with Heat Tolerance in Salvia (Salvia splendens)

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115B-1115
Author(s):  
Seenivasan Natarajan ◽  
Jeff Kuehny
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Small Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Shock Proteins

Small heat shock proteins (sHSP) are a specific group of highly conserved proteins produced in almost all living organisms under heat stress. These sHSP have been shown to help prevent damage at the biomolecular level in plants. One of the greatest impediments to production of marketable herbaceous plants and their longevity is high temperature stress. The objectives of this experiment were to study the plant responses in terms of sHSP synthesis, single leaf net photosynthesis, total water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), and overall growth for two S. splendens cultivars differing in performance under heat stress. `Vista Red' (heat tolerant) and `Sizzler Red' (heat sensitive) were exposed to short duration (3 hours) high temperature stresses of 30, 35, and 40 °C in growth chambers. Increasing the temperature to about 10 to 15 °C above the optimal growth temperature (25 °C, control) induced the synthesis of sHSP 27 in S. splendens. Expression of these proteins was significantly greater in the heat-tolerant vs. the heat-sensitive cultivar. Soluble carbohydrate content was greater in `Vista Red', and in both the cultivars raffinose was the primary soluble carbohydrate in heat-stressed plants. Overall growth of plants was significantly different in the two cultivars studied in terms of plant height, stem thickness, number of days to flower, and marketable quality. The better performance of `Vista Red' under heat stress was attributed to its morphological characteristics, including short stature, thicker stems and leaves. sHSPs and WSC are also found to be associated with heat tolerance and heat adaptation in S. splendens.

Expressions of heat shock proteins under heat-stress and interferon-treatment: An in vitro study on osteosarcoma

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Kubo ◽  
Yuji Tamura ◽  
Kenji Takahashi ◽  
Jiro Imanishi ◽  
Yasusuke Hirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Shock Proteins

scholarly journals Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Tercero ◽  
Sean P. Place
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Trematomus Bernacchii ◽  
Shock Proteins

The suborder Notothenioidae is comprised of Antarctic fishes, several of which have lost their ability to rapidly upregulate heat shock proteins in response to thermal stress, instead adopting a pattern of expression resembling constitutive genes. Given the cold-denaturing effect that sub-zero waters have on proteins, evolution in the Southern Ocean has likely selected for increased expression of molecular chaperones. These selective pressures may have also enabled retention of gene duplicates, bolstering quantitative output of cytosolic heat shock proteins (HSPs). Given that newly duplicated genes are under more relaxed selection, it is plausible that gene duplication enabled altered regulation of such highly conserved genes. To test for evidence of gene duplication, copy number of various isoforms within major heat shock gene families were characterized via qPCR and compared between the Antarctic notothen, Trematomus bernacchii, which lost the inducible heat shock response, and the non-Antarctic notothen, Notothenia angustata, which maintains an inducible heat shock response. The results indicate duplication of isoforms within the hsp70 and hsp40 super families have occurred in the genome of T. bernacchii. The findings suggest gene duplications may have been critical in maintaining protein folding efficiency in the sub-zero waters and provided an evolutionary mechanism of alternative regulation of these conserved gene families.

Physical Activity, Muscle, and the HSP70 Response

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lon Kilgore ◽  
Timothy I. Musch ◽  
Christopher R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Exercise And Training

Selye (1936) described how organisms react to various external stimuli (i.e., stressors). These reactions generally follow a programmed series of events and help the organism adapt to the imposed stress. The heat shock response is a common cellular reaction to external stressors, including physical activity. A characteristic set of proteins is synthesised shortly after the organism is exposed to stress. Researchers have not determined how heat shock proteins affect the exercise response. However, their role in adaptation to exercise and training might he inferred, since the synthetic patterns correlate well with the stress adaptation syndrome that Selye described. This review addresses the 70 kilodalton heat shock protein family (HSP70), the most strongly induced heat shock proteins. This paper provides an overview of the general heat shock response and a brief review of literature on HSP70 function, structure, regulation, and potential applications. Potential applications in health, exercise, and medicine are provided. Key words: heat shock, protein, exercise

Heat shock proteins affect RNA processing during the heat shock response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068
Author(s):  
H J Yost ◽  
S Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Shock Proteins

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the splicing of mRNA precursors is disrupted by a severe heat shock. Mild heat treatments prior to severe heat shock protect splicing from disruption, as was previously reported for Drosophila melanogaster. In contrast to D. melanogaster, protein synthesis during the pretreatment is not required to protect splicing in yeast cells. However, protein synthesis is required for the rapid recovery of splicing once it has been disrupted by a sudden severe heat shock. Mutations in two classes of yeast hsp genes affect the pattern of RNA splicing during the heat shock response. First, certain hsp70 mutants, which overproduce other heat shock proteins at normal temperatures, show constitutive protection of splicing at high temperatures and do not require pretreatment. Second, in hsp104 mutants, the recovery of RNA splicing after a severe heat shock is delayed compared with wild-type cells. These results indicate a greater degree of specialization in the protective functions of hsps than has previously been suspected. Some of the proteins (e.g., members of the hsp70 and hsp82 gene families) help to maintain normal cellular processes at higher temperatures. The particular function of hsp104, at least in splicing, is to facilitate recovery of the process once it has been disrupted.

Activation of HSF and selective increase in heat-shock proteins by acute dexamethasone treatment

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. H1091-H1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sun ◽  
J. Chang ◽  
S. R. Kirchhoff ◽  
A. A. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Cardiac Myocyte ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
Selective Increase

Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous protective proteins, which increase in response to myocardial ischemia and other stresses. Overexpression of HSP72 is cardioprotective. We were interested in the regulation of heat-shock factor (HSF), the transcription factor for HSP genes. Previously we have observed that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α increases HSP72 levels and postulated that dexamethasone might effect the heat shock response. In the adult rat cardiac myocyte we found that treatment with either low (10 μM)- or high (100 μM)-dose dexamethasone activated HSF by 2–6 h as determined by gel shift assay without evidence of cytotoxicity. Although HSF activation is a key step in expression of HSP72, this may not result in an increase in HSP72. We found that 10 μM dexamethasone increased HSP72 38%, and 100 μM dexamethasone increased HSP72 62% ( P < 0.05). HSP27 and HSP60 were unchanged. The selective increase in HSP72 was associated with protection of the cardiac myocytes from hypoxia and reoxygenation. We conclude that dexamethasone is a novel inducer of the heat shock response.

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