Sexual maturation and fertility of male and female mice exposed prenatally and postnatally to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Al-Hamood ◽  
A. Elbetieha ◽  
H. Bataineh
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Chromium Compounds

The reproductive toxicity of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds was investigated in male and female mice exposed to 1000 ppm chromium chloride and potassium dichromate via their mother during gestational and lactational periods. Fertility was reduced in male offspring exposed to either trivalent or hexavalent chromium compounds. Body weights and weights of testes, seminal vesicles and preputial glands were reduced in trivalent-exposed male offspring. The exposure of female mice offspring to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds delayed sexual maturation. Fertility was reduced in female offspring exposed to either trivalent or hexavalent chromium compounds. The exposure of female mice to hexavalent chromium compound reduced the number of implantations and viable fetuses respectively. Body weight and weights of ovaries and uteri were reduced in trivalent-exposed female offspring. The results indicate that under our experimental conditions, the exposure of male and female mice offspring to either trivalent or hexavalent chromium compounds during gestational and lactational periods impair reproductive functions and fertility in adulthood.

Long-term exposure of male and female mice to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds: effect on fertility

Toxicology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbetieha ◽  
Mohammed H. Al-Hamood
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Chromium Compounds

scholarly journals Reproductive potential and nesting effects of Osmia rufa (syn. bicornis) female (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Giejdasz ◽  
Monika Fliszkiewicz ◽  
Andrea Bednárová ◽  
Natraj Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Female ◽  
The Family ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract The red mason bee Osmia rufa is a solitary bee belonging to the family Megachilidae, and is prone to nest in aggregations. Each female builds a nest separately in pre-existing cavities such as holes in wood and walls or empty plant stems. This is done by successively setting the cells in a linear series. In this study, we elucidate the nesting behavior and the reproductive potential of a single O. rufa female. The reproductive potential of nesting females was evaluated after the offspring finished development. We observed that an individual female may colonize up to five nest tubes and build 5-34 cells in them (16 on an average). During the nesting time the number of cells decreased with the sequence of nest tubes colonized by one female, which built a maximum of 11 cells in the first occupied nest and 5 cells in the last (fifth nest). Our observations indicated that 40% of nesting females colonized one nest tube as compared to 7% colonizing five nest tubes. Furthermore, in subsequent nest tubes the number of cells with freshly emerged females gradually decreased which was the reverse with males. Thus, the sex ratio (proportion of male and female offspring) may change during the nesting period. The female offspring predominated in the first two nesting tubes, while in the subsequent three tubes male offspring dominated. We also cataloged different causes of reduction in abundance of offspring in O. rufa females such as parasitization or problem associated with moulting.

scholarly journals Metabolic Reprogramming by In Utero Maternal Benzene Exposure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Koshko ◽  
Lucas K. Debarba ◽  
Mikaela Sacla ◽  
Juliana M.B. de Lima ◽  
Olesya Didyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Beta Cell Mass ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Benzene Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Imbalance

SummaryEnvironmental chemicals play a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially when exposure occurs early in life. We have recently demonstrated that benzene exposure, at concentrations relevant to a cigarette smoke, induces a severe metabolic imbalance in a sex-specific manner affecting male but not female mice. However, the roles of benzene in the development of aberrant metabolic outcomes following gestational exposure, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we exposed pregnant C57BL/6JB dams to benzene at 50 ppm or filtered air for 5 days/week (6h/day from gestational day 1 to birth) and studied male and female offspring metabolic phenotypes in their adult life. While no changes in body weight or body composition were observed between groups, 4-month-old male and female offspring exhibited reduced parameters of energy homeostasis (VO2, VCO2, and heat production). However, only male offspring from benzene-exposed dams were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant at this age. By six months of age, both male and female offspring displayed glucose and insulin intolerance, associated with elevated expression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and inflammatory genes. Additionally, this effect was accompanied by elevated insulin secretion and increased beta-cell mass only in male offspring. Thus, gestational benzene exposure can reprogram offspring for increased susceptibility to the metabolic imbalance in adulthood with differential sensitivity between sexes.

Effects of Lead Poisoning of Rats During Pregnancy on the Reproductive System and Fertility of their Offspring

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hervé Coffigny ◽  
Annick Thoreux-Manlay ◽  
Ghislaine Pinon-Lataillade ◽  
Georges Monchaux ◽  
Roland Masse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Experimental Conditions

1 The effects of lead poisoning during pregnancy were tested on female Sprague-Dawley rats that inhaled 5 mg m-3 lead oxide for 13 days during gestation. At the end of gestation, the respective blood lead levels of dams and fetuses were 71.1 and 83.2 μg 100 ml-1, indicating lead poisoning. 2 In the 90 day-old male offspring of the exposed dams, testis weight and histology, and epididymal weight and sperm reserve, were all similar to those of control males. Spermatozoa mobility and morphology were normal. 3 Also similar to control values were the pituitary weight in these male offspring, their plasma FSH, LH and testosterone levels, and the weight of their ventral prostate and seminal vesicles, the targets of the sexual hormones. 4 When male and female offspring of exposed dams were mated, their fertility was normal, with no increase in prenatal death or malformations, and no changes in the size or sex ratio of litters. 5 These results indicate that, under our experimental conditions, lead oxide inhalation by rats during pregnancy did not perturb reproductive function in their male offspring.

scholarly journals Mode of inheritance of the higher degree of megakaryocyte polyploidization in C3H mice. I. Evidence for a role of genomic imprinting in megakaryocyte polyploidy determination

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
TP McDonald ◽  
CW Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
High Ploidy ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Abstract C3H mice have higher average ploidy megakaryocytes than all other mouse strains tested, but the mode of inheritance of this anomaly is unknown. Therefore, to clarify the genetics of high ploidy megakaryocytes in C3H mice, we measured megakaryocyte DNA content from both male and female offspring from F1, as well as backcross matings. In all, offspring from seven different matings of mice were studied: (1) C57BL X C57BL (the first strain listed is the male parent in each case), (2) B6C3F1 (offspring from C57BL X C3H mating) X C57BL, (3) C57BL X B6C3F1, (4) C57BL X C3H, (5) C3H X B6C3F1, (6) B6C3F1 X C3H, and (7) C3H X C3H. The polyploid megakaryocyte DNA content distributions of the offspring from these matings show that C3H mice have higher percentages of high ploidy megakaryocytes than did all other mice. Also, male mice had significantly higher percentages of high ploidy (32N and 64N) megakaryocytes than did female mice for all matings, except backcross mating no. 6. The megakaryocyte DNA content for individual offspring of a given backcross appeared to form a single, continuous distribution, rather than segregate into two distinct groups, suggesting that the higher megakaryocyte DNA content of C3H mice is caused by involvement of multiple allelles. This conclusion is further supported by our finding that the frequency of high ploidy megakaryocytes among offspring of the various matings was related to the proportion of C3H genotype contributed by the parents, ie, average megakaryocyte DNA content increased linearly (r2 = .88 for male mice and .84 for female mice. P < .0001) with increasing C3H gene dosage; the correlations for both male and female mice were essentially parallel (slope = 0.08 and 0.09, respectively). In addition, we found an effect of genomic imprinting on megakaryocyte DNA content in backcross offspring. The genetic imprinting was characterized by the female parent having a greater influence on the offspring's megakaryocyte DNA content than the male parent, ie, although the overall genetic makeup was the same, female offspring from backcross no. 6 (in which the female was C3H) had higher average megakaryocyte ploidy values than those from backcross no. 5 (in which the female was B6C3F1

scholarly journals Excess maternal salt or fructose intake programmes sex-specific, stress- and fructose-sensitive hypertension in the offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint Gray ◽  
Sheila M. Gardiner ◽  
Matthew Elmes ◽  
David S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Male And Female

AbstractThe Western diet is typically high in salt and fructose, which have pressor activity. Maternal diet can affect offspring blood pressure, but the extent to which maternal intake of excess salt and fructose may influence cardiovascular function of the offspring is unknown. We sought to determine the effect of moderate maternal dietary intake of salt and/or fructose on resting and stimulated cardiovascular function of the adult male and female offspring. Pregnant rats were fed purified diets (±4 % salt) and water (±10 % fructose) before and during gestation and through lactation. Male and female offspring were weaned onto standard laboratory chow. From 9 to 14 weeks of age, cardiovascular parameters (basal, circadian and stimulated) were assessed continuously by radiotelemetry. Maternal salt intake rendered opposite-sex siblings with a 25-mmHg difference in blood pressure as adults; male offspring were hypertensive (15 mmHg mean arterial pressure (MAP)) and female offspring were hypotensive (10 mmHg MAP) above and below controls, respectively. Sex differences were unrelated to endothelial nitric oxide activity in vivo, but isolation-induced anxiety revealed a significantly steeper coupling between blood pressure and heart rate in salt-exposed male offspring but not in female offspring. MAP of all offspring was refractory to salt loading but sensitive to subsequent dietary fructose, an effect exacerbated in female offspring from fructose-fed dams. Circadian analyses of pressure in all offspring revealed higher mean set-point for heart rate and relative non-dipping of nocturnal pressure. In conclusion, increased salt and fructose in the maternal diet has lasting effects on offspring cardiovascular function that is sex-dependent and related to the offspring’s stress–response axis.

In Utero Maternal Benzene Exposure Predisposes to the Metabolic Imbalance in the Offspring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Koshko ◽  
Lucas K Debarba ◽  
Mikaela Sacla ◽  
Juliana B M de Lima ◽  
Olesya Didyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Beta Cell Mass ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Benzene Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Imbalance

Abstract Environmental chemicals play a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially when exposure occurs early in life. We have recently demonstrated that benzene exposure, at concentrations relevant to cigarette smoke, induces a severe metabolic imbalance in a sex-specific manner affecting male but not female mice. However, the roles of benzene in the development of aberrant metabolic outcomes following gestational exposure, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we exposed pregnant C57BL/6JB dams to benzene at 50 ppm or filtered air for 6 h/day from gestational day 0.5 (GD0.5) through GD21 and studied male and female offspring metabolic phenotypes in their adult life. While no changes in body weight or body composition were observed between groups, 4-month-old male and female offspring exhibited reduced parameters of energy homeostasis (VO2, VCO2, and heat production). However, only male offspring from benzene-exposed dams were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant at this age. By 6 months of age, both male and female offspring exhibited marked glucose intolerance however, only male offspring developed severe insulin resistance. This effect was accompanied by elevated insulin secretion and increased beta-cell mass only in male offspring. In support, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, the index of insulin resistance was elevated only in male but not in female offspring. Regardless, both male and female offspring exhibited a considerable increase in hepatic gene expression associated with inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, gestational benzene exposure can predispose offspring to increased susceptibility to the metabolic imbalance in adulthood with differential sensitivity between sexes.

scholarly journals ENZYME MARKERS ACTIVITY AND BILE FORMATION FUNCTION OF LIVER IN CASES OF TUBERCULOSTATICS AND HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS AFFECTION IN RATS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Burmas ◽  
L. S. Fira ◽  
P. H. Lyhackyy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Bile Formation ◽  
Formation Function ◽  
Chromium Compounds ◽  
Enzyme Markers

<p>Background. Currently, the growing incidence of toxic lesions of the liver is associated with<br />industrial chemicalization and uncontrolled use of hepatotoxic drugs in everyday life. There are about<br />one thousand drugs with high or low hepatotoxicity, such as anti-TB drugs.<br />Objective. In this research we studied the intracellular enzymes activity and bile formation function<br />of the liver in rats of different ages in cases of tuberculostatic (isoniazid and rifampicin) affection and<br />chromium (potassium dichromate) intoxication.<br />Methods. The experimental affection of rats of different ages was performed by combined injection<br />of hexavalent chromium compounds (a solution of potassium dichromate, 3 mg/kg), isoniazid<br />(0.05 g/kg) and rifampicin (0.25 g/kg). On the 7th and 14th days the rats were injected with enterosorbent<br />Sorbex (150 mg/kg). Enzyme markers activity of the liver was evaluated due to alanine and aspartate<br />aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) rates. Bile formation function of the<br />liver was evaluated by total bilirubin and bile acids content in blood.<br />Results. The disorders in hepatocytes plasma membranes permeability were defined by the<br />increased rates of ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase in blood serum which were decreased in the<br />liver. It was determined that total bilirubin and bile acids content in blood serum of the affected<br />animals increased. It influenced hepatocytes excretion in bile capillaries and caused cholestasis and<br />revenues decrease in bile.<br />Conclusions. The most significant metabolic disorders in cases of chrome-isoniazid-rifampicin<br />affection were defined in immature and senior animals in comparison with mature animals.<br />KEY WORDS: isoniazid, rifampicin, hexavalent chromium compounds, liver enzymes,<br />bile formation.</p>

scholarly journals Mode of inheritance of the higher degree of megakaryocyte polyploidization in C3H mice. I. Evidence for a role of genomic imprinting in megakaryocyte polyploidy determination

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1493-1498
Author(s):  
TP McDonald ◽  
CW Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
High Ploidy ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

C3H mice have higher average ploidy megakaryocytes than all other mouse strains tested, but the mode of inheritance of this anomaly is unknown. Therefore, to clarify the genetics of high ploidy megakaryocytes in C3H mice, we measured megakaryocyte DNA content from both male and female offspring from F1, as well as backcross matings. In all, offspring from seven different matings of mice were studied: (1) C57BL X C57BL (the first strain listed is the male parent in each case), (2) B6C3F1 (offspring from C57BL X C3H mating) X C57BL, (3) C57BL X B6C3F1, (4) C57BL X C3H, (5) C3H X B6C3F1, (6) B6C3F1 X C3H, and (7) C3H X C3H. The polyploid megakaryocyte DNA content distributions of the offspring from these matings show that C3H mice have higher percentages of high ploidy megakaryocytes than did all other mice. Also, male mice had significantly higher percentages of high ploidy (32N and 64N) megakaryocytes than did female mice for all matings, except backcross mating no. 6. The megakaryocyte DNA content for individual offspring of a given backcross appeared to form a single, continuous distribution, rather than segregate into two distinct groups, suggesting that the higher megakaryocyte DNA content of C3H mice is caused by involvement of multiple allelles. This conclusion is further supported by our finding that the frequency of high ploidy megakaryocytes among offspring of the various matings was related to the proportion of C3H genotype contributed by the parents, ie, average megakaryocyte DNA content increased linearly (r2 = .88 for male mice and .84 for female mice. P < .0001) with increasing C3H gene dosage; the correlations for both male and female mice were essentially parallel (slope = 0.08 and 0.09, respectively). In addition, we found an effect of genomic imprinting on megakaryocyte DNA content in backcross offspring. The genetic imprinting was characterized by the female parent having a greater influence on the offspring's megakaryocyte DNA content than the male parent, ie, although the overall genetic makeup was the same, female offspring from backcross no. 6 (in which the female was C3H) had higher average megakaryocyte ploidy values than those from backcross no. 5 (in which the female was B6C3F1

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