Prostaglandin alone does not cause luteolysis in the non-pregnant tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Hinds
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

At parturition in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, the process of luteolysis involves both prostaglandin and prolactin. Prolactin alone is luteolytic, but it has been unclear whether prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) is also directly luteolytic. To examine this, three groups non-pregnant animals were studied on Day 26 after removal of pouch young (the day equivalent to parturition). Group 1 (controls) received saline injections on Days 25 and 26, Group 2 received saline on Day 25 and PGF2 alpha on Day 26, and Group 3 was pre-treated with bromocriptine (Parlodel LA, Sandoz) on Day 25 and received PGF2 alpha on Day 26. For 12 h after treatment on Day 26, plasma progesterone and prolactin concentrations were determined and behaviour was recorded. Plasma progesterone concentrations remained elevated and plasma prolactin was basal throughout the sampling period in the control animals (Group 1). After treatment with PGF2 alpha (Group 2), plasma prolactin was elevated within 15 min and plasma progesterone decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) from 600 pg mL-1 (1.91 nmol L-1) to less than 200 pg mL-1 (0.64 nmol L-1) by 8 h. However, luteolysis did not occur in females pre-treated with bromocriptine on Day 25 and injected with PGF2 alpha on Day 26 (Group 3), and prolactin concentrations remained basal. All females treated with PGF2 alpha showed parturient behavior. The results clearly show that PGF2 alpha is not directly luteolytic on Day 26 of the non-pregnant cycle, but they confirm that PGF2 alpha induces the release of prolactin, which is directly luteolytic.

Timing of melatonin treatment: differential effects on oestrus and coat growth in goats

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Forsyth ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
J. Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTo avoid winter scarcity of fresh goat milk, simple methods of advancing the season of kidding would be commercially valuable. A combination of long-day light treatment followed by melatonin is successful but other aspects of seasonality including coat growth are also reset. To investigate whether effects on breeding season and coat growth can be dissociated, British Saanen dairy goats (no. = 30) were randomly allocated to one of six groups. Control goats were untreated. Goats in the other five groups received 2 months of treatment with 20 h light: 4 h darkness (20L: 4D) and were then given 3 mg melatonin orally at 16.00 hfor 2 months. The treatments started on 11 January (group 1), 29 March (group 2), 14 June (group 3), 30 August (group 4) and 8 November (group 5). Weekly blood samples were taken for the measurement of progesterone to monitor ovarian activity and prolactin. Side patches (10 cm ×10 cm) were clipped monthly from alternate sides and weighed to measure coat growth. The onset of ovarian activity was advanced from a median date of 15 November in controls to 24 May in group 1 (P < 0·01), 16 August in group 2 (P < 0·05) and 18 October in group 3 (? < 0·05). Groups 4 and 5 showed no significant change in the onset of oestrus (median onset dates 8 November and 1 November, respectively). Group 1 goats came into season again with controls in November. In all except group 5, treatment interacted with time to affect significantly the growth of the coat. The pattern of coat growth was most altered (P < 0·001) in groups 1 and 2. This was associated with effects on plasma prolactin concentrations of light stimulation and melatonin suppression. Group 1 goats resynchronized with control goats to show a coat of normal weight in the winter following treatment. Division of milking goat herds into spring and autumn kidding groups is, therefore, a practical possibility, but effects on overall milk yield require study.

Effects of bromocriptine at parturition in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
TP Fletcher ◽  
G Shaw ◽  
MB Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Prostaglandin Release ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
And Control ◽  
Subsequent Onset

Female tammar wallabies were treated with the dopamine agonist bromocriptine at the end of pregnancy to suppress the peripartum pulse of plasma prolactin. The animals were subsequently observed, and a series of blood samples taken to define the hormonal profiles before and immediately after parturition. Birth was observed in 4/5 control animals and occurred in 8/9 bromocriptine-treated animals. The peripartum peak in plasma PGFM concentrations was not affected by bromocriptine although the pulse of prolactin normally seen at parturition was completely abolished. The timing of luteolysis was apparently unaffected, as plasma progesterone concentrations fell similarly in both treated and control animals immediately after parturition. However, all of the neonates of the bromocriptine-treated animals died within 24 h, possibly because of a failure to establish lactation. Subsequent onset of post-partum oestrus was delayed or absent both in control and in bromocriptine-treated animals, suggesting that the frequent blood sampling and disturbances in the peripartum period interfered with these endocrine processes. It is concluded that both prolactin and prostaglandin can induce luteolysis in the pregnant wallaby, but that the normal sequence of events results from a signal of fetal origin inducing a prostaglandin release from the uterus, which in turn releases a pulse of prolactin that induces a progesterone decline.

scholarly journals Reduced LH sensitivity in vivo and in vitro of corpora lutea induced during anoestrus by GnRH, and during the late breeding season, in Scottish Blackface ewes

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Bramley ◽  
D Stirling ◽  
G S Menzies ◽  
D T Baird
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Scottish Blackface ewes were synchronised in mid-breeding (November; group 1; n=12 ewes) or late-breeding season (March; group 2; n=16). Anoestrous ewes (May) were treated with progestagen sponges for 7 days and then given 250 ng GnRH 3-hourly for 24 h, 2-hourly for 24 h and hourly for a further 24 h (group 3; n=12). A second group of anoestrous ewes (group 4, n=19) received three bolus injections (30 μg) of GnRH at 90-min intervals without progestagen pretreatment. After ovulation, ewes were bled twice daily until slaughter (day 4 or day 12: oestrus=day 0). Mid-breeding season (group 1) and anoestrous ewes in group 3 formed ‘adequate’ corpora lutea (CL) with high plasma progesterone levels (3–4 ng/ml) maintained for at least 12 days, and responded in vivo to ovine LH (oLH) (10 μg) with a rise in plasma progesterone on day 11 (group 3, but not group 1, ewes also responded on day 3). CL minces from these ewes responded to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in vitro with a dose-dependent increase in progesterone secretion. Ewes in group 4 had a foreshortened luteal phase (8–10 days) and low plasma progesterone levels (~1 ng/ml), consistent with formation of inadequate CL. LH injection failed to induce a significant plasma progesterone increase. Furthermore, although progesterone secretion in vitro in response to maximally stimulating doses of hCG or dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) was similar to that in adequate CL, the sensitivity of these CL to hCG (EC (effective concentration)50, 1 IU hCG/ml) was reduced 10-fold compared with adequate CL (EC50, 0.1 IU hCG/ml; P<0.01). Ewes that ovulated in the late breeding season (group 2) had high plasma progesterone, although levels began to decrease after day 10. Injection of oLH in vivo increased plasma progesterone. However, sensitivity to hCG in vitro (EC50, 0.5 IU hCG/ml) was intermediate between that of adequate luteal tissue (groups 1 and 3; EC50, 0.1 IU/ml) and that of group 4 ewes (EC50, 1 IU hCG/ml). Our data demonstrate a markedly reduced luteal sensitivity to LH in vivo and hCG in vitro in Scottish Blackface ewes with inadequate CL, and suggest that a similar loss of sensitivity to LH may occur in the late breeding season.

scholarly journals Roles of hCG in Advancing Follicular Growth to Ovulation after Concurrent Injections of and GnRH in Postpubertal Holstein Heifers Bearing a CL

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ricky Johnson ◽  
William A. Bennett ◽  
Evelin J. Cuadra ◽  
Victor Njiti ◽  
Yoonsung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Follicular Size ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Manual Examination ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that injecting Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) concurrently with Prostaglandin F2 alpha () followed by an injection of human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), would advance follicular growth to ovulation in Holstein heifers bearing a corpus luteum (CL). After manual examination of the CL, group 1 (PGF; ) received an injection of (25 mg, im). Group 2 (PGF + GnRH; ) received an injection of GnRH (100 μg, im) immediately after an injection of . Group 3 (PGF + GnRH + hCG; ) received concurrent injections of and GnRH followed with hCG (1500 IU, im) two days later. Follicular size and day of ovulation were monitored by daily ultrasonographic examination from days 1 to 10. Blood was collected on days-7, 0 ( administration), 2, and 7. Progesterone was not different () on days-7, 0, and 2 between the experimental groups. However, it was higher () in the PGF + GnRH + hCG group on day 7 compared to PGF + GnRH heifers, but not significantly higher than the PGF. Additionally, heifers in the PGF + GnRH + hCG group ovulated earlier () than heifers in the PGF + GnRH and the PGF group. This data indicates that hCG advances follicular growth to ovulation in spite of high levels of progesterone when injected 48 h after concurrent treatments of GnRH and on heifers bearing a CL.

Plasma β-endorphin and cortisol concentrations in lambs after handling, transport and slaughter

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fordham ◽  
G. A. Lincoln ◽  
E. Ssewannyana ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe effects of the routine stressful stimuli of handling, transport and slaughter on the plasma concentrations of cortisol and β-endorphin have been studied in lambs. Blood samples were obtained from group 1 lambs after rounding up, after transport and at slaughter. Group 2 lambs were treated similarly except that blood was collected only at slaughter. Group 3 lambs served as controls and were blood sampled twice daily for 5 days to accustom them to handling before being slaughtered. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were increased above control levels by rounding up and transport, and were further increased at slaughter. Group 3 lambs, however, had very much lower β-endorphin levels at slaughter than the other two groups, although their cortisol levels were similar, β-endorphin concentrations declined during the 5-day blood sampling period in group 3 animals but cortisol levels were unchanged. The results suggest that although levels of both hormones are increased by stress, they are not necessarily released concomitantly.

Effect of progesterone priming on gonadotropin secretion and luteal function in GnRH-treated seasonally anoestrous ewes

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Haresign ◽  
G. F. Basiouni ◽  
M. Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Positive Controls ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe main objective of the experiment was to investigate the mechanism by which progesterone priming eliminates defective luteal function in anoestrous ewes induced to ovulate with GnRH. Animals in group 1 (no. = 10) were primed with a single i.m. injection of progesterone in corn oil 3 days before the start of GnRH treatment, while ewes in group 2 (no. = 10) received corn oil alone and served as untreated controls. Ewes in group 3 (no. = 10), which served as positive controls, were treated with an intra-vaginal progestagen sponge for 7 days, and this was removed just before the start of GnRH treatment. Ewes in all three groups were induced to ovulate by administration of 2-h injections of GnRH (250 ng per injection) for 54 h. Frequent blood samples for LH, FSH and progesterone analysis were taken around the time of both progesterone injection and GnRH treatment, as well as daily thereafter to monitor luteal function, and laparoscopy was performed 3 and 7 days after GnRH treatment.The incidence of ovulation was similar for all the three groups (8/10, 7/10 and 9/10 for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively). Hoioever, both laparoscopic examination and plasma progesterone concentrations revealed that the incidence of normal luteal function was significantly higher in progesterone-primed animals group 1:7/8; group 3:9/9) compared ivith controls (group 2:0/7), P < 0-05) with no difference between groups 1 and 3. Injection of progesterone on day −3 significantly suppressed mean LH concentrations (P < 0·05), but mean FSH concentrations were not altered. However, there were no significant differences between groups in LH and FSH concentrations over the period of GnRH treatment, nor in the timing, duration and height of pre-ovulatory LH and FSH surges. These results suggest that progesterone priming may eliminate defective luteal function either by changing LH concentrations at the time of progesterone administration or through mechanisms not involving gonadotropin secretion.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Abnormal Haemostasis and Blood Viscosity in Malignant Hypertension

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 253-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Isles ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
B M Rankin ◽  
C D Forbes ◽  
N Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SummaryWe have previously shown abnormalities of haemostasis suggestive of intravascular coagulation in patients with malignant hypertension, a condition associated with retinopathy and renal fibrin deposition. To determine whether such abnormalities are specific to malignant hypertension, we have measured several haemostatic and haemorheological variables in 18 patients with malignant hypertension (Group 1), 18 matched healthy controls (Group 2), and 18 patients with non-malignant hypertension (Group 3) matched for renal pathology, blood pressure and serum creatinine with Group 1. Both Groups 1 and 3 had increased mean levels of fibrinogen, factor VIIIc, beta-thrombo- globulin, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity (corrected for haematocrit); and decreased mean levels of haematocrit, antithrombin III and platelet count. Mean levels of fast antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin were elevated in Group 1 but not in Group 3. We conclude that most blood abnormalities are not specific to malignant hypertension; are also present in patients with non-malignant hypertension who have similar levels of blood pressure and renal damage; and might result from renal damage as well as promoting further renal damage by enhancing fibrin deposition. However increased levels of fibrinolytic inhibitors in malignant hypertension merit further investigation in relation to removal of renal fibrin.

Features of postoperative period in patients with chronic venous insufficiency: phlebectomy versus thermal ablation

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
E. Burleva ◽  
O. Smirnov ◽  
S. Tyurin
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Thermal Ablation ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the course of the postoperative period after phlebectomy and thermal ablation in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities in the system of the great saphenous vein (GSV) with class C2 of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) — CEAP class C2. Materials and methods: 455 patients (455 limbs) with CEAP class C2. Group 1 (n = 154) received stripping + minimally invasive phlebectomy; Group 2 — endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of GSV trunk + sclerotherapy of varicose veins; 3 group (n = 150) — radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the GSV + sclerotherapy. All patients were united by a single tactical solution — the elimination of pathological vertical reflux in GSV. In each group, patients were with similar hemodynamic profile were selected (Group 1 = 63; Group 2 = 61; Group 3 = 61). The course of the postoperative period (from 2 days to 2 months) was compared for pain (visual analog scale — VAS), clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, degree of satisfaction (Darvall questionnaire), and duration of disability. Statistical processing was carried out using Excel programs for Windows XP, MedCalc® (version 11.4.2.0., Mariakerke, Belgium). Results: Postoperative pain is more pronounced (during day 1 for Group 1–4.0, Group 2–3.0, Group 3–2.0) and more prolonged (up to 4 days) after open surgeries (p < 0.05). The dynamics of the clinical symptoms of CVI (including varicose syndrome and use of compression therapy) could not be fully evaluated in connection with the ongoing sclerotherapy procedures for patients of Groups 2 and 3. Satisfaction of patients with aesthetic aspects was higher than expected in all groups. Reliable statistical differences proved decrease in days of disability (Group 1–14; Group 2–4; Group 3–3) and earlier return to physical activities and work in patients after thermal ablation in comparison with phlebectomy. Conclusion: The study shows that all three methods for eliminating vertical reflux in the GSV can be proposed for a large category of patients with CEAP of class C3 and C2. Medical and social rehabilitation of patients using endovascular thermal ablation technologies proceeds faster, which is beneficial both for the patients and for society.

Analysis of the quality of early diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases in students of educational institutions of Khabarovsk (according to the data of preventive examinations)

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Conduction Disturbances ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

To identify the prevalence of early pathology of cardiovascular diseases, a survey of 400 200 girls) in the age group 15 and 17 years old was conducted as a part of routine medical of the level of blood pressure (BP) was carried out, with the calculation of the average level pressure on the basis of three separate measurements estimated by percentile tables for a registration of a standard resting ECG in 12 leads. According to the results of the survey, into 3 groups: with an increase in blood pressure above 95 ‰ (group 1 – 16 people), which recorded in males (p<0,05); Group 2 (67 people) – adolescents with a normal blood pressure level and group 3 of adolescents with a decrease in blood pressure below 5 ‰ changes in the form of rhythm and conduction disturbances were noted in almost every a predominance of sinus tachycardia in the first group. In the third group of adolescents, form of ectopic rhythm and pacemaker migration were significantly more frequently only 78 % of adolescents were referred for consultation and in-depth examination by a pediatric cardiologist.

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