scholarly journals Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Amaranthaceae II: Subfamily Salicornioideae, Tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 292-324
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Brignone ◽  
Adriel I. Jocou ◽  
Silvia S. Denham
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Material Type ◽  
New Synonym

This paper is the second in a series treating the Amaranthaceae s.l. in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of tribes Salicornieae and Suaedeae (subfamily Salicornioideae) based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Amaranthaceae s.l. flora includes Allenrolfea Kuntze, Heterostachys Ung.-Sternb., Mangleticornia P. W. Ball, G. Kadereit & Cornejo, and Salicornia L. from Salicornieae, and Suaeda Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel. from Suaedeae. Lectotypes for seven names are here designated. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. A new synonym for Salicornia neei Lag. is here proposed.

Toward an Updated Taxonomy of the South American Chenopodiaceae I: Subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 10-30
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Brignone ◽  
Silvia S. Denham
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Salsola Kali ◽  
New Synonyms

This paper is the first in a projected series of publications treating the Chenopodiaceae in South America. We present here a taxonomic revision of subfamilies Betoideae, Camphorosmoideae, and Salsoloideae in South America, where all representatives of these subfamilies are introduced. Our research is based on the study of herbarium material, type specimens, digital images, original publications, and field observations. The South American Chenopodiaceae flora includes only Beta vulgaris L. from Betoideae, Bassia hyssopifolia (Pall.) Kuntze, Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott, and Maireana brevifolia (R. Br.) P. G. Wilson from Camphorosmoideae, and Salsola kali L., Salsola tragus L., and Soda inermis Fourr. from Salsoloideae. Lectotypes for Echinopsilon reuterianus Boiss., Kochia alata Bates, K. parodii Aellen, K. parodii var. elongata Aellen, K. parodii var. densa Aellen, K. parodii var. glabrescens Aellen, and Suaeda sieversiana Pall. are designated here, as well as a second-step lectotype for K. brevifolia R. Br. The distribution of all species is updated based on the revision and proper identification of many herbarium specimens and field observations. The distribution of M. brevifolia in Chile is here expanded. New synonyms for Bassia scoparia are proposed. A preliminary key to the genera of Chenopodiaceae in South America is also presented.

Synopsis of the genus Atriplex (Amaranthaceae, Chenopodioideae) for South America

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás F. Brignone ◽  
Silvia S. Denham ◽  
Raúl Pozner
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Second Step ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
South American Species ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Nomenclatural Change

This is the first integrative synopsis of the genus Atriplex L. for South America, based on the study of compared external morphology of extensive collections from South American herbaria, type material, digital images, original publications and field observations. The South American Atriplex flora includes 55 species, 45 of which are native species, mainly distributed in Argentina and Chile (a few of them growing in Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela), and 10 are adventive species. We accept two subspecies for Atriplex cordubensis Gand. & Stuck., namely, subsp. cordubensis and subsp. grandibracteata Múlgura, two varieties for A. imbricata D.Dietr., var. imbricata and var. foliolosa Rosas, proposed one new synonym for A. deserticola Phil., one nomenclatural change for A. mucronata Phil., and designate 19 lectotypes and one second-step lectotype for A. nummularia Lindl. This synopsis also includes a key to the 55 South American species, three new figures for A. asplundii Standl., A. oestophora S.F.Blake and A. rusbyi Britton, references for previous figures of the remaining species, illustrations of different positions of the radicle in the seeds, maps of distribution, taxonomic and morphological notes, and a complete list of material studied.

Taxonomic Revision of Euphrasia (Orobanchaceae) in South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 392-423
Author(s):  
Ana Verónica Ortiz ◽  
Pablo Moroni ◽  
Fabiana Mirra ◽  
Rosa María Villanueva Espinoza ◽  
Nataly O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Arduous Task ◽  
First Time

Morphological boundaries between South American species of Euphrasia L. are controversial, rendering determination of specimens an arduous task. In this context, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Euphrasia in South America is here provided for the first time. This study, based upon a classical morphological study of ca. 400 herbarium specimens, supports the recognition of eight species and one subspecies distributed in the Andean regions of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. From among native species, six belong to section Trifidae Benth. and one to the monotypic section Paradoxae Pugsley, endemic to Juan Fernández Islands; one adventive species, E. officinalis L., belongs to the section Euphrasia. The previously misunderstood presence of E. cockayniana Petrie is here untangled, and, consequently, the species is excluded from South America. A key to all Euphrasia taxa in South America, plus morphological descriptions, nomenclature items, geographical distribution and maps, habitat notes, illustrations, photographs, and discussion notes are included for the nine taxa. Eleven names are here synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for E. andicola Benth., E. debilis Wettst., E. flavicans Phil., E. intricata Phil., and E. philippii Wettst. Euphrasia andicola is reported for the first time for Argentina. This collaborative effort will represent a baseline for further investigations on Euphrasia in South America.

scholarly journals - The genus Stylosanthes (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae, Dalbergieae) in South America.

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo O. Vanni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Flora Of Argentina

The papilionoid genus Stylosanthes Sw. includes about 50 spp. distributed world wide in the tropics, approximately half of them grow in South America.The present study focuses on South American Stylosanthes. Based on examinations of herbarium specimens, as well as field observations, a total of 25 taxa (23 spp. and 2 varieties) are here described and identified with a key. Most of the species have been found to be more widely distributed than expected from the previous taxonomic literature, and the genus appears to be mainly concentrated in Brazil and Paraguay. Stylosanthes leiocarpa Vogel is new to the flora of Argentina and the presence of S. nervosa J. F. Macbr. is confirmed in Argentina. The nomenclature of S. guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. is analyzed. Clarifications are made about nine recently described Brazilian species. The names S. hispida Rich. and S. longiseta Micheli are resurrected. Lectotypes or neotypes for eight species and 18 new synonyms are proposed.

A taxonomic revision of the South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
EVERTON E. NAZARÉ-SILVA ◽  
FERNANDO A.B. SILVA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
South America ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Three New Species

The South American species of Pseudocanthon Bates, 1887 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini) are reviewed. In this work, 10 valid species and two subspecies are recognized for the genus. Among these species, five are recorded in South America, including three new species: P. perplexus (LeConte, 1847), P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847), P. vazdemelloi new species, P. pantanensis new species, and P. chaquensis new species. A lectotype is designated for P. xanthurus (Blanchard, 1847). In this revision, each species is analyzed as follows: a detailed literature review, an identification key for the South American species, a diagnosis, descriptions, illustrations of key morphological characters, list of examined material, and geographic distribution.  

Notes on the taxonomy of some “Astaena” species described by Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145
Author(s):  
THAYNARA L. PACHECO ◽  
MARCELA L. MONNÉ ◽  
FERNANDO Z. VAZ-DE-MELLO ◽  
DIRK AHRENS
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The South ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Synonymy

In the framework of the taxonomic revision of South American Sericini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), we examined the type specimens of the species described by Burmeister (1855) in the genus Astaena Erichson, 1847. A few taxa resulted to not belong to the South American Sericini fauna, either due to different geographical provenience or due to incorrect systematical placement within Sericini. Two new combinations and one new synonymy are proposed: Neoserica pubescens (Burmeister, 1855), new combination (= Neoserica subsetosa Ahrens & Fabrizi, 2016: 121, new synonymy) and Manonychus robustus (Burmeister, 1855), new combination. 

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gabriel de O.A. Nunes ◽  
Rafael V. Nunes ◽  
Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
First Time

In this article, the subgenus Canthon (Goniocanthon) Pereira & Martínez, 1956 is diagnosed within the tribe Deltochilini Lacordaire, 1856 and redefined with three species: 1) C. (Goniocanthon) bicolor Castelnau, 1840, from the Guyanas and northern South America, included for the first time in this subgenus; 2) C. (G.) smaragdulus (Fabricius, 1781), including two subspecies, C. (G.) smaragdulus smaragdulus, senior synonym of Canthon speculifer Castelnau, 1840 (neotype here designated), from the southern portion of the Atlantic Forest and C. (G.) smaragdulus subviridis Schmidt stat. rev. (lectotype here designated) from the northern portion of the Atlantic Forest; 3) C. (G.) fulgidus Redtenbacher, 1868, which includes three subspecies, C. (G.) fulgidus fulgidus from the southern Amazon (lectotype here designated), C. (G.) fulgidus martinezi subsp. nov., from the central and southern Amazon and C. (G.) fulgidus pereirai subsp. nov., from the western Amazon.

Taxonomy and distribution of Gaultheria in the Caribbean

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2465-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Hersey ◽  
S. P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Living Material

Two species of Gaultheria have been reported from the Caribbean: G. domingensis is said to occur on the Greater Antillean island of Hispaniola and G. sphagnicola, for which the specific names of G. buxifolia and G. anastomosans (both species occurring in South America) have been listed in synonymy, is said to occur on the Lesser Antillean islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. A close examination of living material from Martinique and of herbarium specimens from Martinique, South America. Hispaniola, and Mexico reveals the following: (1) the Martinique and Guadeloupe group is specifically distinct from the South American G. buxifolia and G. anastomosans groups; (2) the Lesser Antilles group and the Greater Antilles group should be placed in a single species with the name of G. domingensis; and (3) there is evidence for a possible Mexican origin for this one Caribbean species.

scholarly journals Impact of enriched analyses on regional numerical forecasts over southeastern South America during SALLJEX

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-330
Author(s):  
Yanina García Skabar ◽  
Matilde Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
South America ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Low Level Jet ◽  
The Impact

During the warm season 2002-2003, the South American Low-Level Jet Experiment (SALLJEX) was carried out in southeastern South America. Taking advantage of the unique database collected in the region, a set of analyses is generated for the SALLJEX period assimilating all available data. The spatial and temporal resolution of this new set of analyses is higher than that of analyses available up to present for southeastern South America. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of assimilating data into initial fields on mesoscale forecasts in the region, using the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) with particular emphasis on the South American Low-Level Jet (SALLJ) structure and on rainfall forecasts. For most variables, using analyses with data assimilated as initial fields has positive effects on short term forecast. Such effect is greater in wind variables, but not significant in forecasts longer than 24 hours. In particular, data assimilation does not improve forecasts of 24-hour accumulated rainfall, but it has slight positive effects on accumulated rainfall between 6 and 12 forecast hours. As the main focus is on the representation of the SALLJ, the effect of data assimilation in its forecast was explored. Results show that SALLJ is fairly predictable however assimilating additional observation data has small impact on the forecast of SALLJ timing and intensity. The strength of the SALLJ is underestimated independently of data assimilation. However, Root mean square error (RMSE) and BIAS values reveal the positive effect of data assimilation up to 18-hours forecasts with a greater impact near higher topography.

scholarly journals Problems and prospects of MERCOSUR as a civilizational political project of South America

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mikhail Valer'evich Gorbachev
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The Political ◽  
South American ◽  
Core State ◽  
The South ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Political Project ◽  
Key Participants ◽  
Further Development

  This article discusses the political projects of civilizational level, which are designed and implemented in South America. The author examines MERCOSUR as the largest regional civilizational political project, its sociocultural foundation and institutional superstructure; functionality of the “core state” in formation and maintenance of the South American civilizational political project; problems of development and future implementation. The article reveals conflict potential of MERCOSUR, as well as sociocultural capabilities for its overcoming by the “core state” of the project. The research was conducted via application of civilizational-project methodology of interpretation of policy, which is based on methodological synthesis of the principles of project approach with provisions of the theory of civilizations. The author was able to determine the value grounds of MERCOSUR, which comprise its sociocultural foundation; identify the countries competing for status of the “core state” within the framework of this project. The nature of commonality between the key participants of the projects is identified. Problems and prospect of further development of MERCOSUR civilizational projects are defined.  

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