An alternative index to the exchangeable sodium percentage for an explanation of dispersion occurring in soils

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McL. Bennett ◽  
Alla Marchuk ◽  
Serhiy Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Similar Index ◽  
K Concentration

With the introduction of the cation ratio of soil stability (CROSS) to replace the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on the basis of differential effects of K and Mg to Na and Ca, respectively, there is a requirement for a similar index involving these cations to replace the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The exchangeable dispersive percentage (EDP) is derived and proposed to replace ESP. This paper uses two datasets, one where exchangeable K concentration is relatively high and exchangeable Na low, and a further dataset where Mg dominates the cation exchange capacity. EDP is validated against these datasets and further mathematical investigation of the contribution of Mg to dispersion is undertaken. Mineralogy appears to affect turbidity results at a given dispersive index, and an improved criterion for assessment of Mg effect on dispersivity is presented.

scholarly journals WATER SALINITY USED FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MARINS STREAM WATERSHED, BRAZIL

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo Antonio Tadeu Lucas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Folegatti ◽  
Sérgio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Simone Cristina de Oliveira Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage

WATER SALINITY USED FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MARINS STREAM WATERSHED, BRAZIL  ARIOVALDO ANTONIO TADEU LUCAS1; MARCOS VINICIUS FOLEGATTI2; SÉRGIO NASCIMENTO DUARTE2 E SIMONE CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA LUCAS3 1Professor Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, [email protected] Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, ESALQ, [email protected], [email protected] em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Núcleo Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT Water quality is vital to human activities and irrigation is an activity that uses an accentuated volume of this natural resource. An alternative is the use of water with a salinity level that does not cause damage to plants and the environment. This study aimed to assess the salinity of water used for irrigation of vegetables in Ribeirão dos Marins watershed. The water electrical conductivity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage were obtained using the AquaChem program. Water samples used were collected in 2005, and chemical and physical parameters were assessed. Results showed that region three presented risk to salinization, but overall it is possible to conclude that salinity of the water basin has low risk of salinity. Keywords: soil, water quality, vegetables  LUCAS, A.A.T.; FOLEGATTI, M.V.; DUARTE, S.N.; LUCAS, S.C. de O.SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA USADA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DOS MARINS, BRASIL     2 RESUMO A qualidade da água é vital para as atividades humanas e a irrigação é uma atividade que utiliza um volume acentuado deste recurso natural. Uma alternativa é a utilização de águas salobras, mas com um nível de salinidade que não cause danos às plantas e ao ambiente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a salinidade da água utilizada para irrigação de hortaliças na bacia do córrego Marins. A condutividade elétrica da água, a Razão de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS) e a porcentagem de sódio trocável foram obtidos usando o programa AquaChem. As amostras de água utilizadas foram coletadas em 2005, quando foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos e físicos. Os resultados mostraram que em apenas uma região existe risco de salinização; mas no geral, é possível concluir que a salinidade da água da bacia é de baixo risco. Palavras-chave: solo, qualidade da água, hortaliças

Risk of salinization and sodification of irrigated soils in the Lerma River basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
José Pedro Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Héctor Manuel Ortega-Escobar ◽  
Carlos Ramírez-Ayala ◽  
Héctor Flores-Magdaleno ◽  
Edgar Iván Sánchez-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Factors as agricultural development, the presence of important industrial centers and a population of more than 15 million inhabitants in the Lerma River basin generate wastewaters which are poured into the Lerma River course. This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the Lerma River water and to estimate the risk of salinization and sodification of the irrigated soils in the basin. Electrical conductivity (EC) was less than 1.252 dS m-1 and water was classified as bicarbonated-sodic, with a medium-low risk of salinity-sodicity (C2-S1, C3-S1). The minimum and maximum sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were 2.80 mmol L-1 and 7.63 mmol L-1, and the estimated maximum exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was 11.42. Based on the results of this research, the Lerma River water may induce salinization and sodification processes in the irrigated soils.

scholarly journals BIOCHAR AS SOIL CONDITIONER IN THE SUCCESSION OF UPLAND RICE AND COWPEA FERTILIZED WITH NITROGEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEYTON DE OLIVEIRA MIRANDA ◽  
ALEXANDRE SANTOS PIMENTA ◽  
GUALTER GUENTHER COSTA DA SILVA ◽  
ERMELINDA MARIA MOTA OLIVEIRA ◽  
MARY ANNE BARBOSA DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Shoot Mass

ABSTRACT The effects of biochar and nitrogen application on yields of upland rice and cowpea and on soil fertility were determined in a greenhouse in Macaíba, RN, Brazil. The trial consisted of the succession of two crops in a completely randomized design and a factorial scheme, with four replicates. Initially, four doses of biochar and four doses of nitrogen were tested for cultivation of rice. Subsequently, four doses of biochar and two doses of nitrogen were tested in half of the pots maintained for planting cowpea. Soil was sampled after rice harvest for half of the pots and at end of the trial for the remaining pots. We evaluated the following parameters: mass of hundred grains of rice, dry shoot mass, panicle number, number of filled spikelets and of empty spikelets, and grain production. Determinations for cowpea were: pod number per pot, grain number per pod, and grain production per pot. Measured soil parameters were: pH, contents of organic carbon, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable sodium percentage. Biochar addition did not influence yield components of upland rice and cowpea, but resulted in increased soil N retention, which influenced rice dry shoot mass, spikelets sterility, panicle number, and grain mass. Biochar also promoted increased soil pH, potassium content, and exchangeable sodium percentage and decreased calcium and magnesium concentrations.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Two Models for Prediction of Exchangeable Sodium Percentage from Sodium Adsorption Ratio on Saline and Non Saline Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. A. Elbashier ◽  
Mohammed H. A. Ebrahim ◽  
Abdelrahaman A. Musa ◽  
Albashir A. S. Ali ◽  
Moamer A. A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage
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