Relationship Between Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-153
Author(s):  
Alaa H. Ali ◽  
Mohammed M. Yassen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage

scholarly journals WATER SALINITY USED FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MARINS STREAM WATERSHED, BRAZIL

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo Antonio Tadeu Lucas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Folegatti ◽  
Sérgio Nascimento Duarte ◽  
Simone Cristina de Oliveira Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage

WATER SALINITY USED FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MARINS STREAM WATERSHED, BRAZIL  ARIOVALDO ANTONIO TADEU LUCAS1; MARCOS VINICIUS FOLEGATTI2; SÉRGIO NASCIMENTO DUARTE2 E SIMONE CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA LUCAS3 1Professor Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, [email protected] Doutor, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, ESALQ, [email protected], [email protected] em Biotecnologia de Recursos Naturais, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Núcleo Universidade Federal de Sergipe, UFS, [email protected]     1 ABSTRACT Water quality is vital to human activities and irrigation is an activity that uses an accentuated volume of this natural resource. An alternative is the use of water with a salinity level that does not cause damage to plants and the environment. This study aimed to assess the salinity of water used for irrigation of vegetables in Ribeirão dos Marins watershed. The water electrical conductivity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage were obtained using the AquaChem program. Water samples used were collected in 2005, and chemical and physical parameters were assessed. Results showed that region three presented risk to salinization, but overall it is possible to conclude that salinity of the water basin has low risk of salinity. Keywords: soil, water quality, vegetables  LUCAS, A.A.T.; FOLEGATTI, M.V.; DUARTE, S.N.; LUCAS, S.C. de O.SALINIDADE DA ÁGUA USADA PARA IRRIGAÇÃO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DOS MARINS, BRASIL     2 RESUMO A qualidade da água é vital para as atividades humanas e a irrigação é uma atividade que utiliza um volume acentuado deste recurso natural. Uma alternativa é a utilização de águas salobras, mas com um nível de salinidade que não cause danos às plantas e ao ambiente. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a salinidade da água utilizada para irrigação de hortaliças na bacia do córrego Marins. A condutividade elétrica da água, a Razão de Adsorção de Sódio (RAS) e a porcentagem de sódio trocável foram obtidos usando o programa AquaChem. As amostras de água utilizadas foram coletadas em 2005, quando foram avaliados os parâmetros químicos e físicos. Os resultados mostraram que em apenas uma região existe risco de salinização; mas no geral, é possível concluir que a salinidade da água da bacia é de baixo risco. Palavras-chave: solo, qualidade da água, hortaliças

An alternative index to the exchangeable sodium percentage for an explanation of dispersion occurring in soils

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McL. Bennett ◽  
Alla Marchuk ◽  
Serhiy Marchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Mathematical Investigation ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Similar Index ◽  
K Concentration

With the introduction of the cation ratio of soil stability (CROSS) to replace the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on the basis of differential effects of K and Mg to Na and Ca, respectively, there is a requirement for a similar index involving these cations to replace the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). The exchangeable dispersive percentage (EDP) is derived and proposed to replace ESP. This paper uses two datasets, one where exchangeable K concentration is relatively high and exchangeable Na low, and a further dataset where Mg dominates the cation exchange capacity. EDP is validated against these datasets and further mathematical investigation of the contribution of Mg to dispersion is undertaken. Mineralogy appears to affect turbidity results at a given dispersive index, and an improved criterion for assessment of Mg effect on dispersivity is presented.

Risk of salinization and sodification of irrigated soils in the Lerma River basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
José Pedro Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Héctor Manuel Ortega-Escobar ◽  
Carlos Ramírez-Ayala ◽  
Héctor Flores-Magdaleno ◽  
Edgar Iván Sánchez-Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
River Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Factors as agricultural development, the presence of important industrial centers and a population of more than 15 million inhabitants in the Lerma River basin generate wastewaters which are poured into the Lerma River course. This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of the Lerma River water and to estimate the risk of salinization and sodification of the irrigated soils in the basin. Electrical conductivity (EC) was less than 1.252 dS m-1 and water was classified as bicarbonated-sodic, with a medium-low risk of salinity-sodicity (C2-S1, C3-S1). The minimum and maximum sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were 2.80 mmol L-1 and 7.63 mmol L-1, and the estimated maximum exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was 11.42. Based on the results of this research, the Lerma River water may induce salinization and sodification processes in the irrigated soils.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Two Models for Prediction of Exchangeable Sodium Percentage from Sodium Adsorption Ratio on Saline and Non Saline Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. A. Elbashier ◽  
Mohammed H. A. Ebrahim ◽  
Abdelrahaman A. Musa ◽  
Albashir A. S. Ali ◽  
Moamer A. A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage

Estimation of Exchangeable Sodium Percentage with the Aid of Sodium Adsorption Ratio in Sedimentary Soils

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
The Relationship

Soil salinity and sodicity are two main factors limiting plant growth in irrigated agricultural land. Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) are two different criteria as an index of soil sodicity and salinity. Various approximate relationships between ESP and SAR have been reported for soils in different regions of the world. Since there is possibility that these relationships change substantially with clay content, mineralogy, salinity of equilibrium solution, and saturation percentage of soils, it seems essential doing specific studies for different regions.  The purpose of this research was to i) find the relationship between ESP and SAR, and ii) estimate the ESP from SAR in alluvial soils of Sistan, the dry plain in east of Iran. Thus, 301 soil samples were collected from study area and  analyzed. The best linear and logarithmic equations found between ESP and SAR using Datafit software were ESP = 8.89 × ln(SAR1:1) + 14.04 and ESP = 8.73 × ln(SAR1:5) + 14.59, that ESP variation was justified 78% and 76%, respectively. Then, the multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP) and ANFIS system performance were investigated in order to estimate ESP. Results showed superior performance of MLP and ANFIS compared with the regression models. ESP estimation from SAR1:1 using ANFIS was more accurate than other models (coefficient of determination and root mean square error values were 0.99 and 0.014, respectively). These results indicate the superiority of the intelligent models in order to explain the relationship between ESP and SAR over  linear and non-linear regression equations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermodynemic Parameter son the Rlationship Between Exchangeable Sodium Percentage and Sodium Adsorption Ratioin Saline Soilof Iraq Central

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Safa Mahdi Abdul Kadium
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Ions ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions ◽  
Statistical Results

The study was conducted to determine the relationship between the exchangeable sodium percentage ESP and sodium adsorption ratio SAR in the soil solution. Some saline affected soils were selected at the locations Yosifya, Muwayliha, Imam, Eychreesh, Mahaweel, Ejbalah, Abe-Ghragg, Kifil, Elseneya and Eldagharaah. Using thermodynamic criteria to recalculate throught description quantitative concepts rather than analytical.The results indicate that the values ​​of SAR range from 0.96 - 26.80 (cmol Kg-¹)º·5 of the studied sites and this ratio increased when taking into account free ions 3.52 - 32.7 (cmol Kg-¹)º·5. The ESP Calculated laboratory was (2.0 - 9.0 %) and all of these were less than ESP % according to laboratory salinity accounts, and generally show increase in the values ​​of the proportion of ESP with increased SAR according to the approved indicators. The probability of these soils turning into sodic is unlikely to decrease pH and HCO3-¹ values ​​and increase concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions. The statistical results indicated that in order to predict soil ESP based on soil SAR the linear regression model for predicting soil ESP from SAR. ESP=1.95+1.05SAR with R²=0.92 can be recommended.

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