Aggregation in swelling clay soils

Soil Research ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
KJ Coughlan ◽  
WE Fox ◽  
JD Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Probability Function ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Aggregate Formation ◽  
Soil Mineralogy ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Aggregate Fractions

Dry sieving, wet sieving, and aggregate bulk density measurements were used to study the mechanisms of dry aggregate formation in three swelling clay soils. These experiments showed that, for a given soil, a single probability function can be used for all dry aggregate fractions to predict their water stability and the distribution of water stable aggregates in their unstable portions. This result is explained in terms of the mode of formation of dry aggregates. Coarse aggregation in these soils was attributed to the binding action of dispersed clay. Soil disruption experiments showed that, above a certain moisture content, soil samples were susceptible to disruption by mechanical action. This moisture content is linearly related to the specific surface area of the soil, and agrees closely with the soil liquid limit. Aggregate disruption in the coarsely aggregated soil sample is explained in terms of soil mineralogy and electrolyte concentration. The effect of rate of reflocculation of disrupted clay on soil aggregation is considered.

scholarly journals The puddling of clay soils.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F.R. Koenigs
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Action ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Moisture Equivalent ◽  
Shear Planes

Effects of mechanical treatments on micro-structure at increasing moisture contents & on the swelling process are described. Increasing moisture causes a rapid decrease in cohesion within aggregates & an increase in friction between aggregates. Due to the weak intra-aggregate cohesion near the moisture equivalent, an infinite number of shear planes may develop & the movement of primary particles in relation to each other results in an equilibrium between swelling pressure & suction, so that moisture is taken up; at a moisture content near saturation, friction decreases again, with a consequent decrease in the degree of puddling caused per unit of mechanical action. In puddled soils, the air-filled pore volume is greatly reduced, permeability & resistance to raindrops decreased, & suction & deformability increased; their regeneration requires drying either through evapotranspi-ration or by freezing. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Energetic relationships for crushing of soil clods

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
István Patay ◽  
Virág Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Rigid Support ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Specific Energy Requirement ◽  
The Relationship

Clod crushing is a principal problem with soils of high clay content. Therefore, there is a need for determining the conditions for clod breaking and clod crushing. The objective of the work was to develop a special purpose tool for single clod breaking both by rigid support of the clod and by a single clod supported by soil and to develop a machine for clod crushing. Furthermore, the purpose was to determine the relationship between the specific energy requirement for clod crushing in the function of soil plasticity and the soil moisture content by the means of the developed tool and machine. The main result of the experiments is summarized in a 3D diagram where the specific energy requirement for soil clod crushing is given in the function of the moisture content and the plasticity index for different clay soils.

scholarly journals Effects of High Plasticity and Expansive Clay Stabilization with Lime on UCS Testing in Several Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1000 (1000) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soewignjo Agus Nugroho ◽  
Gunawan Wibisono ◽  
Andarsin Ongko ◽  
Avrilly Zesthree Mauliza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Water ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Limit Value

Clay is a cohesive and very soft soil if it has high water content. To overcome this problem, clay soils with high plasticity need to be stabilized. The method of soil stabilization with lime is an alternative effort to improve soil that does not meet the standards. Lime reacts with groundwater so that it changes the property of the soil, reducing the stickiness and softness of the soil. Lime also functions to solidify (stabilize) and stabilize (stabilize) soil in the form of fine powder consisting of metals and inorganic mineral composition. This study aims to determine the effect of clay soils when carried out stabilization by using a limestone additive which varies in levels of mixture. The results showed that lime effective for the stabilization high plasticity and expansive clay by increasing the compressive strength value of UCS with lime content of 10% under curing conditions in 28 days and unsoaked by 319%, the liquid limit value reduced by 6% and the plastic limit value increased by 46%.

scholarly journals Prediction of Shear Strength of Soil Using Direct Shear Test and Support Vector Machine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Bang Ly ◽  
Binh Thai Pham
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Plastic Limit ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
Soil Shear Strength

Background: Shear strength of soil, the magnitude of shear stress that a soil can maintain, is an important factor in geotechnical engineering. Objective: The main objective of this study is dedicated to the development of a machine learning algorithm, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict the shear strength of soil based on 6 input variables such as clay content, moisture content, specific gravity, void ratio, liquid limit and plastic limit. Methods: An important number of experimental measurements, including more than 500 samples was gathered from the Long Phu 1 power plant project’s technical reports. The accuracy of the proposed SVM was evaluated using statistical indicators such as the coefficient of correlation (R), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) over a number of 200 simulations taking into account the random sampling effect. Finally, the most accurate SVM model was used to interpret the prediction results due to Partial Dependence Plots (PDP). Results: Validation results showed that SVM model performed well for prediction of soil shear strength (R = 0.9 to 0.95), and the moisture content, liquid limit and plastic limit were found as the three most affecting features to the prediction of soil shear strength. Conclusion: This study might help in quick and accurate prediction of soil shear strength for practical purposes in civil engineering.

A cone penetrometer for estimating available soil water

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
New South ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The effect of cone diameter (9.5 to 24.4 mm; 9.5 mm shaft) on the entry of penetrometers into swelling clay soils, and the relations between penetration and soil water contents, have been studied in northern New South Wales. Cones with diameters of approx. 14 mm were chosen for calibration tests on farms. The depth of wet soil and the amount of available water within the wetted zone were both related to the depth of maximum cone penetration (r2 values of 0.78-0.98 at sites with relatively uniform profiles of soil texture). Available soil water contents and water potentials were also related to the force needed for cone penetration. The penetrometer will assist in estimating soil water contents in areas where grain yields are related to available fallow water at seeding.

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