Effects of vegetation cover on runoff and erosion under simulated rain and overland flow on a rehabilitated site on the Meandu Mine, Tarong, Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Runoff Events ◽  
Flow Study

This research was carried out to quantify the role of vegetative cover in reducing runoff and erosion from rehabilitated mined land. Duplicate plots 1.5 m wide and 12 m long were prepared on a rehabilitated area of the Meandu Mine, Tarong, with vegetative cover of 0, 23%, 37%, 47%, and 100%. The area had a uniform 15% slope, and there were no rill or gully lines present. Simulated rain equivalent to a 1 : 100 year storm was applied to the plots, and runoff and erosion were measured. Infiltration totals and rates increased strongly with increasing vegetative cover. There was visibly greater infiltration under vegetation. Erosion from the simulated storm was greatly reduced by vegetative cover, declining from 30–35 t/ha at 0% vegetative cover to 0.5 t/ha at 47% cover. Reductions in erosion at lower levels of vegetative cover were greater than predicted by the cover/erosion relationship used in the USLE. The dominantly stoloniferous growth habit of the grass at this site may have increased the effectiveness of vegetative cover in this study. To allow the data to be extrapolated to slopes longer than 12 m, a series of overland flows were applied to the upslope boundaries of the plots, simulating flows on slopes up to 70 m long. Detachment and transport of sediment by applied overland flow was similarly reduced by vegetative cover, and results from the overland flow study also indicate that for slopes up to 70 m long with grass cover of 47% or greater, erosion rates will be minimal, even under extreme rainfall/runoff events.

Impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queensland coal mines

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carroll ◽  
L. Merton ◽  
P. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Plots

In 1993, a field study commenced to determine the impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality at 3 open-cut coal mine sites. Runoff, sediment, and water quality were measured on 0.01-ha field plots from 3 slope gradients (10, 20, 30%), with pasture and tree treatments imposed on soil and spoil material, and 2 soil and spoil plots left bare. The greatest soil erosion occurred before pasture cover established, when a large surface area of soil (>0.5 plot area) was exposed to rainfall and overland flow. Once buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) colonised soil plots, there were negligible differences in soil erosion between slope gradients. On spoil, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) reduced in situ soluble salt content, and reduced runoff electrical conductivity to levels measured in surrounding creeks. Where spoil crusted there was poor vegetative growth and unacceptably large runoff and erosion rates throughout the study.

Modelling the effects of permeability, groundwater flow and water table depth on landscape evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elco Luijendijk
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Landscape Models ◽  
Storage Term ◽  
Stream Erosion

<p>The role of groundwater flow in determining overland flow, drainage density and landscape evolution has long been debated. Landscape models often only address groundwater as a simplified storage term and do not explicitly include lateral groundwater flow, although recently some model codes have started to include lateral flow. However, the role of groundwater flow on landscape evolution has not been explored systematically to my knowledge. Here I present a new numerical and analytical model that combines groundwater flow, saturation overland flow, hillslope diffusion and stream erosion. A number of model experiments were run with different values of transmissivity and groundwater recharge. The model results demonstrate that transmissivity, groundwater flow and the depth of the watertable strongly govern overland flow, the incision of stream channels and erosion rates. The results imply that the permeability and transmissivity of the subsurface are important parameters for explaining and modelling landscape evolution.  </p>

scholarly journals Impact of overland flow on soil characteristics in Třebsín experimental plots

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
H. Bačinová ◽  
P. Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Runoff Discharge ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Experimental Plots

This paper describes the continuation of simulated outcomes from the plots No. 4 and No. 5 with two different soils, using the KINFIL model to assess the runoff from extreme rainfall. The KINFIL model is a physically-based, parameter-distributed 3D model that has been applied to the Třebsín experimental station in the Czech Republic. This model was used for the first time in 2012 to simulate the impact of overland flow caused by natural or sprinkler-made intensive rains on four of the nine experimental plots. This measurement of a rain simulator producing a high-intensity rainfall involves also hydraulic conductivity, soil sorptivity, plot geometry and granulometric curves to be used for the present analysis. However, since 2012, the KINFIL model has been amended to provide a more effective comparison of the measured and computed results using the values of new parameters such as storage suction factor and field capacity on plot 4 and plot 5. The KINFIL model uses all input data mentioned above, and it produces the output data such as gross rainfall, effective rainfall, runoff discharge hydraulic depths, hydraulic velocities and shear velocities as well as shear stress values depending on the soil particle distribution. These processes are innovative, physically based, and both the measured and the computed results fit reliably.  

scholarly journals REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF EARTHWORMS ON HILLSLOPE HYDROLOGY AND SOIL EROSION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DANUM VALLEY, SABAH, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Noor Ain Yahya ◽  
Carolyn Payus ◽  
Kawi Bidin
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
Surface Saturation ◽  
The Many

Hydrological routes exist through active burrowing of soil fauna, and in numbers improve soil drainage systems. Earthworms are of particular interest because their presence is known widely to increase infiltration and reduce erosion rates by creating macropores and stable casts. Ideally during non-extreme rainfall events on flatlands, earthworm macropores lengthens the time prior to soil surface saturation thus slowing down occasions of overland flow resulting in runoff. Hypothesizing similar effects on hillslopes with gradients can be misleading whereas laboratory experiments which try to recreate and simulate field consistency cannot match the natural soil architecture which is vital in the dissection of the many bio-geophysical processes involved in the rainfall-runoff process. This review paper aims to summarize past studies conducted around the world and highlighting possible gaps on earthworm’s studies related to hillslopes and erosion.

scholarly journals The dominant runoff processes on grassland versus bare soil hillslopes in a temperate environment - An experimental study

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Minea ◽  
Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac ◽  
Gabriela Moroşanu
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Temperate Environment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper aimed to investigate the dominant runoff processes (DRP’s) at plot-scale in the Curvature Subcarpathians under natural rainfall conditions characteristic for Romania’s temperate environment. The study was based on 32 selected rainfall-runoff events produced during the interval April–September (2014–2017). By comparing water balance on the analyzed Luvisol plots for two types of land use (grassland vs. bare soil), we showed that DRP’s are mostly formed by Hortonian Overland Flow (HOF), 47% vs. 59% respectively. On grassland, HOF is followed by Deep Percolation (DP, 31%) and Fast Subsurface Flow (SSF, 22%), whereas, on bare soil, DP shows a higher percentage (38%) and SSF a lower one (3%), which suggests that the soil-root interface controls the runoff generation. Concerning the relationship between antecedent precipitation and runoff, the study indicated the nonlinearity of the two processes, more obvious on grassland and in drought conditions than on bare soil and in wet conditions (as demonstrated by the higher runoff coefficients). Moreover, the HOF appeared to respond differently to rainfall events on the two plots - slightly longer lag-time, lower discharge and lower volume on grassland - which suggests the hydrologic key role of vegetation in runoff generation processes.

scholarly journals Implementation of the curve number method and the KINFIL model in the Smeda Catchment to mitigate overland flow with the use of terraces

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
P. Kovář ◽  
D. Fedorova ◽  
H. Bačinová
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Combination Of Methods

The Smeda catchment, where the Smeda Brook drains an area of about 26 km<sup>2</sup>, is located in northern Bohemia in the Jizerské hory Mts. This experimental mountain catchment with the Bily Potok downstream gauge profile was selected as a model area for simulating extreme rainfall-runoff processes, using the KINFIL model supplemented by the Curve Number (CN) method. The combination of methods applied here consists of two parts. The first part is an application of the CN theory, where CN is correlated with hydraulic conductivity K<sub>s</sub> of the soil types, and also with storage suction factor S<sub>f</sub> at field capacity FC: CN = f(K<sub>s</sub>, S<sub>f</sub>). The second part of the combined KINFIL/CN method, represented by the KINFIL model, is based on the kinematic wave method which, in combination with infiltration, mitigates the overland flow. This simulation was chosen as an alternative to an enormous amount of field measurements. The combination used here was shown to provide a successful method. However, practical application would require at least four sub-catchments, so that more terraces can be placed. The provision of effective measures will require more investment than is currently envisaged.  

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