Long-term effects of lime on soil-phosphorus solubility and sorption in eight acidic soils

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford ◽  
BE Schweitzer ◽  
GJ Crocker
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Exchangeable P ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Isotopically Exchangeable P

Measurements of phosphorus (P) sorption, isotopically exchangeable, KCl soluble and extractable P (Bray(1)) were carried out on limed and unlimed soils from eight pasture experiments on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 years after lime application. Lime increased soil pH by a minimum of 0.5 to a maximum of 1.55 units, and there were corresponding decreases in soluble aluminium and manganese. Lime decreased P sorptivity in every soil and at every sampling, but decreases were usually largest at the first sampling. They were attributed to the pH-induced increase in surface negative charge and the smaller increases in calcium concentrations of these freely drained soils, compared with undrained potted soils, of a previous glasshouse experiment. Isotopically exchangeable P was increased by the highest lime rate (5 t/ha) in all but one soil at the first sampling, while soluble P was increased by both lime rates in all soils. Increases in exchangeable P tended to decline at successive samplings, but increases in soluble P sometimes increased and sometimes decreased with time. In general, lime-induced increases in soluble P were consistent with decreases in P sorptivity, although the primary cause of the increases was probably the dissolution of iron and aluminium phosphates. All these changes were conducive to the increased plant availability and uptake of soil and fertilizer P.

scholarly journals Do condoms cause rape and mayhem? The long-term effects of condoms in New South Wales' prisons

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yap ◽  
T. Butler ◽  
J. Richters ◽  
K. Kirkwood ◽  
L. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
South Wales

Effects of duration of grazed lucerne on long-term yields and nitrogen uptake of subsequent wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICR Holford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
New South ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales

The long-term effects of varying durations of lucerne Icy, extended fallowing, and continuous wheat growing on the growth, yield, and nitrogen uptake of subsequent wheat crops were determined on two contrasting soils in northern New South Wales. Durations of lucerne ley were 3+, 2+ and 1+ years on a black earth and 5+, 3+ and 1+ years on a red-brown earth. With the exception of the first wheat crop, wheat production for several years following lucerne exceeded that following extended fallow or continuous wheat growing, whether measured as vegetative yield at anthesis, grain yield, nitrogen uptake, or grain protein. The beneficial effects of lucerne on vegetative yield, nitrogen uptake, and grain protein reached a maximum in the second crop after lucerne, and the effects of 2+ or more years of lucerne remained significant for the next five crops on the black earth and the next two crops on the red-brown earth. Grain yields fluctuated widely with season, the magnitude of the lucerne effect being much more dependent on rainfall, but the duration of the effect was similar for grain and vegetative parameters. The shorter duration of the lucerne effect on the red-brown earth appeared to be associated with its more freely draining nature and consequent loss of accumulated nitrogen. The optimum duration of lucerne for maintaining nitrogen-dependent wheat yields was 3+ years on both soil types. It eliminated the need for nitrogen fertilizer for the following five wheat crops on the black earth and three wheat crops on the red-brown earth. Extended fallowing also had a beneficial effect on all parameters, particularly in the first and second crops after the fallow ended. Its effect was generally significantly smaller than the lucerne effect except in the first crop after fallow.

Long-term effects of lime on earthworm abundance and biomass in an acidic soil on the south-western slopes of New South Wales, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Hirth ◽  
G.D. Li ◽  
K.Y. Chan ◽  
B.R. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The South ◽  
South Wales

Long-term effects of incorporated lime and topdressed lime on the pH in the surface and subsurface of pasture soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield ◽  
RW Cumming ◽  
DJ David ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
New South ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Basaltic Soils

Soil profiles from limed and unlimed commercial pastures and from lime trials on pastures in the Crookwell district of the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales were sampled and pH measured at 2- or 5-cm intervals to depths ranging from 10 to 60 cm. A single application of lime (3.6-5.6 t/ha depending on the soil) incorporated into the surface 10 cm had a long-term effect and maintained pH above 5.5 in the top 30 cm for at least 12 years. Lime applied as a topdressing to soils on granite raised the pH by at least 0.2 pH units to a depth of 15 cm after 6 years. The depth affected was less on the heavier-textured basaltic soils and on the initially more acid sedimentary soils. There appears to be a role for top-dressing with lime to prevent subsurface acidity from developing under pastures and to correct it in the upper layers of light textured soils. The pH profiles from a given treatment were variable and highlighted the problem of obtaining a field measurement for soil pH that is representative of the plant's environment.

Long-term effects of stubble management on the incidence of infection of wheat by Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Burgess ◽  
D Backhouse ◽  
BA Summerell ◽  
AB Pattison ◽  
TA Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
New South ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Management Regimes ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Group 1

The effect of 3 stubble management regimes (burning after harvest, incorporation with a disc plough, retention on the surface) on the incidence of infection of wheat with Fusarium graminearum Schw. Group 1 was studied for 5 seasons at 2 sites at Moree, New South Wales. One site had high initial incidence (site A) and the other low initial incidence (site B). There were no differences in incidence of infection between retained and incorporated treatments. Stubble burning reduced the increase in incidence of infection in 2 of 5 years at site A and 3 of 4 years at site B. Failure of control in other years was attributed to susceptible weed hosts and poor burns. When stubble was retained on the plots at site B that had been burnt, incidence of infection in the next season increased to a level not significantly different from the retained or incorporated treatments. Incidence of infection at the fourth consecutive wheat crop at both sites was close to the maximum recorded, which was 92% at site A and 65% at site B. There was no evidence of a decline in incidence by the time of the most recent season assessed (eighth year of continuous wheat cultivation at site A, and sixth year at site B). In most years, the differences in yield between treatments were not significant.

Goat and Sheep Grazing in Shrub-Infested Semi-arid Woodlands of New South Wales.

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
BH Downing
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Local Observation ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Western Division

Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.

Sydney rock oyster farming in Australia.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nell
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Rock Oyster ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sampling Programme

Abstract The 120-year-old Sydney rock oyster industry in New South Wales (NSW) and southern Queensland is one of the oldest aquaculture industries in Australia. The industry has been forced to adapt to competition from other species, tighter harvesting and oyster storage and handling requirements as well as eroding profit margins. Recent changes in farming practices include the move away from stick culture to single seed culture, as the half-shell market demands a more uniformly shaped oyster. When selective breeding demonstrated that it could reduce time to market (50 g whole weight) by nearly a year out of an industry average of 3.5 years, the industry wanted to try hatchery technology. Although the industry had never used hatchery technology before, it purchased 10 million spat or 8% of its annual spat requirement from hatcheries in 2003-2004, the first year that they were made available to farmers. The industry also embraced the Australian Shellfish Quality Assurance Program, which requires that shellfish harvest areas be classified on the basis of a sanitary survey and the results of an ongoing strategic water-sampling programme. This programme ensures product safety for the consumers and helps to provide the industry with a long-term future.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus availability and soybean response to phosphorus starter fertilizer

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro Antonio Rosolem ◽  
Alexandre Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Surface Spread ◽  
P Sources

Phosphorus fixation in tropical soils may decrease under no-till. In this case, P fertilizer could be surface-spread, which would improve farm operations by decreasing the time spend in reloading the planter with fertilizers. In the long term, less soluble P sources could be viable. In this experiment, the effect of surface-broadcast P fertilization with both soluble and reactive phosphates on soil P forms and availability to soybean was studied with or without fertilization with soluble P in the planting furrow in a long-term experiment in which soybean was grown in rotation with Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis). No P or 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple superphosphate or Arad reactive rock phosphate was applied on the surface of a soil with variable P fertilization history. Soil samples were taken to a depth of 60 cm and soil P was fractionated. Soybean was grown with 0, 30, and 60 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the form of triple phosphate applied in the seed furrow. Both fertilizers applied increased available P in the uppermost soil layers and the moderately labile organic and inorganic forms of P in the soil profile, probably as result of root decay. Soybean responded to phosphates applied on the soil surface or in the seed furrow; however, application of soluble P in the seed furrow should not be discarded. In tropical soils with a history of P fertilization, soluble P sources may be substituted for natural reactive phosphates broadcast on the surface. The planting operation may be facilitated through reduction in the rate of P applied in the planting furrow in relation to the rates currently applied.

Prehistoric aboriginal occupation of the rangelands: Interpreting the surface archaeological record of far western New South Wales, Australia.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Holdaway ◽  
PC Fanning ◽  
DC Witter
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Stone Artefact

Recent erosion in arid regions of western NSW has exposed large areas that are scattered with stone artefacts manufactured by Aboriginal people in prehistory. These exposures offer an opportunity for archaeologists to study the artefacts abandoned by Aboriginal people through time and to compare those artefacts that accumulate in different parts of the landscape. To reconstruct the nature of prehistoric behaviour in the rangelands, two approaches are needed. First, the geomorphological context of the artefacts needs to be considered since exposure of the artefacts is a function of landscape history. Second, large areas (measured in thousands of square metres) and large numbers of artefacts need to be considered if patterns reflecting long-term abandonment behaviour by Aboriginal people are to be identified. This paper reports on the Western New South Wales Archaeological Program (WNSWAP) which was initiated in 1995 to study surface archaeology in the rangelands. Geomorphological studies are combined with artefact analysis using geographic information system software to investigate Aboriginal stone artefact scatters and associated features such as heat retainer hearths, in a landscape context. Results suggest that apparently random scatters of stone artefacts are in fact patterned in ways which inform on prehistoric Aboriginal settlement of the rangelands. Key words: Aboriginal stone artefacts; rangelands; landscape archaeology; geomorphology; GIs

A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): a potential pest of wheat

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Penelope Greenslade ◽  
Yun-Xia Luan
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
New South ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Potential Pest ◽  
North And South America ◽  
First Time ◽  
North And South

Parajapyx isabellae (Grassi, 1886) is recorded for the first time from Australia. It is a cosmopolitan soil species found in Europe, North and South America and Asia. Womersley last studied Australian Parajapygidae 80 years ago, listing a single endemic species for the genus Parajapyx Silvestri, 1903, sensu stricta. In 2017, an unidentified Parajapyx was found in deep soil under wheat in winter, spring and summer at Harden, New South Wales, in a long-term tillage trial. It was most abundant in the minimum tillage/stubble retained plots in soil below 5 cm but rarely observed in the conventionally tilled/stubble burned plots. The same field experiment was sampled five times using the same methods over 3 years from 1993–95 but no specimens of Diplura were collected. The specimens were identified as P. isabellae using morphology and confirmed with the DNA barcoding sequence data. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are records from North America, Europe and Hawaii of P. isabellae feeding on roots of wheat and other agricultural crops. We provide here illustrations of species P. isabellae so that crop scientists in Australia are aware of the potential pest and can identify it. Sequence data indicate that the population may have originated from two sources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document