Reproduction of the whiptail wallaby, Macropus parryi Bennett (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in captivity with age estimation of the pouch-young

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Reproduction of the whiptail wallaby, Macropus parryi, was studied in captivity. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 41.8 days while the mean length of the gestation period was 38.0 days. M. parryi bred throughout the year and post-partum oestrus was not recorded although mating did occur during the pouch life when the pouch-young was 118–168 days of age. The length of the pouch-life was 256–267 days and weaning occurred 104–215 days after emergence from the pouch. Sexual maturity for females occurred at 509–647 days of age. An age-determination table was produced and found useful for predicting age of pouch-young using body measurements.

Reproduction in the red-legged pademelon, Thylogale stigmatica Gould (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), and age estimation and development of pouch young

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 553 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Johnson ◽  
K Vernes
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean

The reproduction of Thylogale stigmatica in captivity was studied and a predictive growth equation for age determination of the pouch young was developed. The general pattern of reproduction involved an oestrous cycle of 29-32 days, a gestation period of 28-30 days and a mean pouch life of 184 days. A post-partum oestrus and mating generally followed birth. Births were observed in all months in captivity, and from October to June in the wild. Mean age of weaning of young was 66 days following permanent pouch emergence, and the mean ages at maturity for females and males was 341 and 466 days, respectively.

Breeding Biology of the Agile Wallaby, Macropus agilis (Gould) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Female agile wallabies in captivity reached sexual maturity at about 12 months old and males produced mature spermatozoa by 14 months. Breeding was continuous throughout the year and birth and oestrus were recorded in every month. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 32.4 days, and the mean gestation period 29.4 days. Females exhibited post-partum oestrus, usually mating within 1 day of birth. Sixty-four young born in captivity comprised 24 males, 30 females and 10 of unknown sex. If a pouch young were removed or lost, the quiescent blastocyst resumed its development, to birth about 26.5 days later. Failure or absence of the blastocyst was followed by an oestrus at about the time of the corresponding post-partum oestrus. Both the oestrous cycle and the interval between removal of a pouch young and oestrus were significantly longer than when a pregnancy intervened. The oestrous cycle was characterized by changes in the proportions of the main cell types in the vaginal smear, and by changes in the appearance of the urogenital opening and the pouch and teats. The approach of oestrus could not be predicted from vaginal smears but the post-oestrous condition was always recognizable even without mating. Young animals first left the pouch for short periods between the ages of 176 and 211 days, and left permanently between 207 and 237 days. Animals of known age were measured and the development of various morphological characters noted at weekly intervals from about birth until 12 months old.

Reproduction in the Plain Rock-Wallaby, Petrogale penicillata inornata Gould, in Captivity, with Age Estimation of the Pouch Young

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PM Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Premature Removal

'Reproduction in the plain rock-wallaby was studied in captivity. The oestrous cycle ranged from 30.2 to 32.0 days and the gestation period from 30.0 to 32.0 days. A post-partum mating usually followed birth; the resultant quiescent embryo developed and was born 28-30 days after premature removal of pouch young. The pouch life of the young ranged from 189 to 227 days, males and females maturing sexually at approximately 590 and 540 days respectively. Tail and hind foot lengths were found to be useful indicators of age of young up to the end of pouch life.

Reproduction in the Bridled Nailtail Wallaby, Onychogalea fraenata Gould (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Young Males ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The reproduction of the endangered macropod Onychogalea fraenata was studied in captivity. O. fraenata breeds throughout the year. A post-partum oestrus was not recorded, although mating during the pouch life was observed when the pouch young were 80–92 days old. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was determined to be 36·2 days, while the mean length of a gestation period was 23·6 days. Pouch life ranged between 119 and 126 days, and the young males and females matured as early as 270 days and 136 days, respectively.

Reproduction of the spectacled hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes conspicillatus Gould (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), in captivity, with age estimation of the pouch young

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
PM Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Young Females ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
One Year

Lagorchestes conspicillatus has a widespread distribution across northern Australia. Observations were made on reproduction in captive animals and a key produced for age determination of pouch young. Females commence breeding at about one year of age and males when slightly older. Reproduction in this species involved an oestrous cycle of 30 days, a gestation period of 29-31 days and a mean pouch life of 152 days. A postpartum oestrus and mating following a birth was the normal pattern of reproduction.

Reproduction in Captive Wallaroos - the Eastern Wallaroo, Macropus-Robustus-Robustus, the Euro, Macropus-Robustus-Erubescens and the Antilopine Wallaroo, Macropus-Antilopinus

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
In Captivity

Wallaroos were bred in captivity during almost 20 years. Individual males attained sexual maturity at between 18 and 20 months old and females at between 14 and 24 months old; both sexes were capable of breeding throughout the year. Gestation was 30-38 d and extended almost the full length of the oestrous cycle, 31-46 d. Post-partum mating usually produced a blastocyst subject to lactational quiescence. Removal or loss of a pouch young usually resulted in birth 28-32 d later but up to 41 d later in the presence of an actively suckled young-at-foot. Pouch life ranged between 231 and 270 d, with vacation of the pouch usually followed by another birth 1-14 d later. Lactation exceeded 12-14 months but suckling had waned by 15-17 months. Reproductive patterns for M. r. robustus and M. r. erubescens were similar although significant differences between the subspecies were recorded in length of oestrous cycle, the interval from loss of pouch young to birth and post-partum oestrus, the length of pouch life and the time between vacation of the pouch and birth. In addition, the reproductive activity of hybrids produced by matings between the subspecies was observed, as was that of a limited number of M. antilopinus.

Survival, age estimation and sexual maturity of pouch young of the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata) in captivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig K. Thompson ◽  
Adrian F. Wayne ◽  
Stephanie S. Godfrey ◽  
R. C. Andrew Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Accurate Predictor ◽  
Bettongia Penicillata ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
In The Wild

The brush-tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata) is a continuous and rapid breeder. However, research investigating the monthly survival and development of young woylies from parturition to parental independence is incomplete. The reproductive biology of eight female woylies was observed for 22 consecutive months within a purpose-built enclosure. Adult female woylies bred continuously and were observed caring for a dependant young 96% of the time. Pouch life of the young was ~102 days, with sexual maturity of female offspring reached as early as 122 days post partum. Crown–rump measurement was an accurate predictor of age for young restricted to the pouch, while skeletal morphometrics were a better predictor of age for ejected pouch young, young-at-foot and subadults. A four-month period between May and August of each study year accounted for 85% of pouch young mortality and 61% of pouch young births where the neonate went on to survive to subadult age. Here we discuss the possibility that pouch young born during the cooler, wetter months of May to August may have an increased chance of survival in the wild, resulting from an increased maternal investment being directed towards the rearing of ‘fitter’ progeny.

Reproduction, Growth and Age Determinatipon in the Yellow Footed Rock Wallaby Petrogale xanthopus Gray, in Captivity

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Poole ◽  
JC Merchant ◽  
SM Carpenter ◽  
JH Calaby
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Similar Growth

Yellow-footed rock-wallabies were studied in captivity over 13 years. Individuals of both sexes attained sexual maturity from age 18 months and were capable of breeding throughout the year. The ranges recorded were: for length of oestrous cycle 32-37 days; gestation 31-33 days; pouch life 190-201 days. Parturition was usually followed by an oestrus and mating with a consequent lactation-controlled embryonic quiescence. The mean interval from removal of pouch young to birth was 31.5 days, and to oestrus without an intervening birth, 34 days. Weight of the neonate within the 1st day was <500 mg; the sex ratio of 62 young of known sex revealed a significant departure from parity with 41 boys and 21 girls (100:51). Growth curves were fitted for length of head, ear, arm, leg, foot, tail and weight. These measurements provided a useful means of determining age within the 1st year and to a lesser extent the 2nd year, length of head being the best criterion. Both sexes maintained similar growth rates when within the pouch, but males grew larger once they vacated it. Patterns of molar eruption and molar progression provided a useful means of determining age in older animals but, on the data available, accuracy was restricted to the year and possibly no more than the season of birth.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Reproductive Ecology of The Allied Rock-wallaby, Petrogale assimilis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
R. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Embryonic Diapause ◽  
Minimum Age

Petrogale assimilis has a typical life history and reproductive ecology for a macropodid of its size. Both sexes are capable of reproducing continuously; gestation is about the same length as the oestrous cycle (approximately one month); a single young is born and, a post-partum oestrus and embryonic diapause probably occurs. The sex ratio of young is unbiased. Pouch young remain permanently attached to the teat until 110 - 143 days (n=11). Permanent exit from the pouch occurs at 180 - 231 days (mean=201 days, n=25), and weaning occurs between 267 - 387 days (n=5). Sexual maturity occurs at a minimum age of 17.5 months in females and 23 months in males.

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