An Assessment of the Potential Target Specificity of 1080 Predator Baiting in Western-Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Calver ◽  
DR King ◽  
JS Bradley ◽  
JL Gardner ◽  
G Martin
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
National Park ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Approximate Lethal Dose

The potential hazard of 1080 baiting for predators to 14 species of non-target mammals in the pastoral areas of Western Australia and a further six from Western Australia's Fitzgerald River National Park, was assessed by comparing projected doses of 1080 (based on consumption of non-toxic bait by captive animals in the absence of alternative food) with the approximate lethal dose of 1080 for each species. These figures suggested that individuals from 12 species were potentially at risk from crackle baits, while only individuals from Dasyurus hallucatus, Ningaui spp., Sminthopsis crassicaudata, Planigale maculata, one population of Leggadina forresti and one population of Sminthopsis ooldea were potentially endangered by meat baits. Tests using the native mammals Zyzomys argurus and Pseudomys hermannsbergensis and laboratory mice (Mus musculus) and laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) showed that individuals of all species reduced their consumption of toxic bait relative to non-toxic bait, although this did not prevent three of five rats and one of three P. hermannsbergensis from being killed.

scholarly journals Laboratory tests of 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane as a rodenticide

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Greaves ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
H. Tinworth
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYThe properties of 5-p-chlorophenyl silatrane as a rodenticide against Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus were investigated in the laboratory. The high oral toxicity of the compound was confirmed. When the compound was given to laboratory rats and mice by stomach tube at lethal dosages, signs of poisoning were observed within a minute. When caged wild rats and mice were given a choice between plain and poisoned baits the optimum rodenticidal concentration in the bait was about 0.5% for both species, producing 50% mortality in wild rats and 95% mortality in wild mice. The results are discussed in relation to safety in use and the probable effectiveness of the compound as a rodenticide in field conditions.

Comparative studies of Giardia spp. in small mammals in southern Ontario. I. Prevalence and identity of the parasites with a taxonomic discussion of the genus

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Grant ◽  
Patrick T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Brown Rat ◽  
Giardia Muris

Giardia microti Kofoid and Christiansen, 1915 was identified in 98.8% (322 of 326) of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and G. peromysci Filice, 1952 emend, in 98% (48 of 49) of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) that were livetrapped at six locations in southern Ontario. One feral brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) was infected with Giardia simoni Lavier, 1924 and Giardia muris Grassi, 1881. Laboratory rats (Wistar strain) harboured only G. simoni and laboratory mice (C3H strain) were infected with G. muris. Golden hampsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected with Giardia mesocricetus Filice, 1952 emend.Giardia spp. were separated into two morphologically distinct groups. Trophozoites of G. muris and G. mesocricetus were almost as wide as long and had round or oval centrally situated median bodies. Trophozoites of G. microti, Giardia peromysci, and G. simoni were elongate with long curved median bodies lying perpendicular to the long axis of the trophozoite.Further differentiation of species was not possible by comparing trophozoite morphology but was accomplished by comparing the average lengths and widths of trophozoites.

scholarly journals The distribution of larval Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz during a primary infection in Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus sylvaticus

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy M. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Apodemus Sylvaticus ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

The larvae of Aspiculuris tetraptera were found in the mid-colon of mice within hours of infection. When the colon was divided into 10 equal sections the larvae were mainly found in sections 5, 6 and 7 during the first 6 days of the infection. The worms entered the crypts of Lieberkühn in this region on day 1 and remained there until day 4 or 5. After this time they left the crypts and returned to the lumen of the colon. On day 7 the worms emigrated anteriorly and thereafter were recovered only from the proximal region of the colon (sections 1–4), although in heavier infections a few larvae remained in the mid-colon.The initial establishment site was the same in both Rattus norvegicus and in Apodemus sylvaticus, but an infection with A. tetraptera in the abnormal hosts, R. norvegicus and A. sylvaticus, was characterized by less than 7% of the inoculum becoming established, a slower rate of growth and a wider distribution centering around the preferred site. The small number of established larvae was lost from the rat before day 12 and from A. sylvaticus before day 8, whereas larvae persisted in laboratory mice for a longer period.

Sensitivity to sodium fluoroacetate (1080) of native animals from north-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Martin ◽  
Laurie E. Twigg
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Secondary Poisoning ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Approximate Lethal Dose ◽  
North Western ◽  
Development Of Tolerance

The sensitivity to sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) of 9 species of native animals from north-western Australia was assessed using the increasing dose procedure to determine the Approximate Lethal Dose for each species. Granivorous birds from this region (e.g. ducks, corellas) were generally more sensitive to 1080 than their counterparts from southern Australia, and would be theoretically at risk from primary poisoning during 1080 grainbased baiting programs. However, the tolerance to 1080 of birds of prey from these areas is sufficient that these species face little risk of secondary poisoning during pest-control programs aimed at rodents or rabbits. The risk of primary poisoning to raptors from meat baits containing 6 mg 1080 per bait or less also appears to be low. The coexistence of brown falcons and barn owls with fluoroacetate-bearing vegetation over parts of their range has probably contributed to their development of tolerance to fluoroacetate.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization and Pathology of the Toxin From a Microcystis Aeruginosa (= Anacystis Cyanea) Bloom

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
TC Elleman ◽  
IR Falconer ◽  
ARB Jackson ◽  
MT Runnegar
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Fractionation ◽  
Tyrosine D ◽  
Simple Amino Acid ◽  
High Voltage Electrophoresis

The nature of the toxicity of a bloom of blue-green alga, M. aeruginosa (= Anacystis cyanea), that occurred in a man-made lake was investigated. Crude algal bloom extracts were toxic to laboratory mice when injected intraperitoneaIIy. The lethal dose (LDlOO) of these extracts was 15-30 mg of lyophilized algal bloom per kilogram body weight. The toxin was purified by a procedure that included ammonium sulphate fractionation, solvent extraction, acid precipitation, Sephadex G25 and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 6�5. The preparation gave a single spot on high-voltage electrophoresis at pH 9�0, had no free amino group, and was characterized by a simple amino acid composition of equimolar quantities of L-methionine, L-tyrosine, D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, erythro fi-methyl aspartic acid and methylamine.

Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) infections in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1595-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Lindsay ◽  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Methylprednisolone Acetate ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Caninum Tachyzoites ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation

The susceptibility of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) to experimental inoculation with tachyzoites of Neospora caninum was examined. Groups of female rats were intramuscularly injected with 0, 2, or 4 mg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) 7 days prior to, and on the day of, subcutaneous inoculation with 0 or 1.5 × 105 tachyzoites. Clinical signs of disease or deaths did not occur in rats given nothing or only N. caninum tachyzoites. Rats given only 4 mg MPA failed to grow as well as rats given nothing or only N. caninum tachyzoites but were otherwise healthy. All of 20 rats given 4 mg MPA and tachyzoites died of hepatitis and pneumonia within 12 days postinoculation. Hepatic necrosis was the most striking lesion seen in these rats, and other milder lesions consisted of pneumonia, encephalitis, and myositis. The response of rats given 2 mg MPA and tachyzoites was less severe. Three of 20 rats died with encephalitis, myositis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis. Mild lesions, but no N. caninum tachyzoites, were seen in 3 of 14 rats inoculated only with tachyzoites. Rats given the 4 mg MPA treatment and inoculated with N. caninum tachyzoites appear to be suitable subjects for examining acute neosporosis and could be used in studies designed to examine treatment of acute disease.

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