Responses of lizards to three experiments fires in the savanna forests of Kakadu National Park

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Trainor ◽  
JCZ Woinarski
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Savanna Communities ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Term Response

A species-rich lizard community responded variably to a range of experimental fire regimes in a tropical savanna. Heteronotia binoei was the only lizard species that showed a short-term response to fire, decreasing in abundance directly after the early- and late-burns. H. binoei and Diporiphora bilineata were significantly more abundant in early-burn treatments. Carlia amax was more abundant in unburnt and early-burn treatments. C. munda was more abundant in unburnt and early-burn sites. Differences in the relative abundance of species between treatments is attributed to site differences in vegetation structure, and fire-induced changes to the structure of habitat. Early-burn sites were significantly richer in lizard species (P< 0.05); however, overall lizard abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) 1 and DCA 2 scores were not significantly different, suggesting that habitat partitioning has a stronger influence than the direct effects of fire. Many lizards were associated with a direct gradient of moisture availability, including a seepage assemblage, with Carlia gracilis and Sphenomorphus darwiniensis correlated with increased moisture, a well-developed canopy and abundant leaf litter. An assemblage associated with the drier end of the gradient included Carlia triacantha, Ctenotus kurnbudj, Diporiphora magna and D. bilineata. The lizard composition of most quadrats was intermediate along the moisture gradient and was associated with typical eucalypt savanna communities. Lizard species that largely are restricted to the moist seepage zones may be particularly sensitive to late dry-season fires which alter this habitat type.

scholarly journals Short-term response of the coccolithophore <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> to an abrupt change in seawater carbon dioxide concentrations

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barcelos e Ramos ◽  
M. N. Müller ◽  
U. Riebesell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Seawater Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Term Response

Abstract. The response of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to rising CO2 concentrations is well documented for acclimated cultures where cells are exposed to the CO2 treatments for several generations prior to the experiment. The exact number of generations required for acclimation to CO2-induced changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, however, is unknown. Here we show that Emiliania huxleyi's short-term response (26 h) after cultures (grown at 500 μatm) were abruptly exposed to changed CO2 concentrations (~190, 410, 800 and 1500 μatm) is similar to that obtained with acclimated cultures under comparable conditions in earlier studies. Most importantly, from the lower CO2 levels (190 and 410 μatm) to 750 and 1500 μatm calcification decreased and organic carbon fixation increased within the first 8 to 14 h after exposing the cultures to changes in carbonate chemistry. This suggests that Emiliania huxleyi rapidly alters the rates of essential metabolical processes in response to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, establishing a new physiological "state" (acclimation) within a matter of hours. If this relatively rapid response applies to other phytoplankton species, it may simplify interpretation of studies with natural communities (e.g. mesocosm studies and ship-board incubations), where often it is not feasible to allow for a pre-conditioning phase before starting experimental incubations.

scholarly journals Short-term Response of Holcus lanatus L. (Common Velvetgrass) to Chemical and Manual Control at Yosemite National Park, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Laura J. Jones ◽  
Steven M. Ostoja ◽  
Matthew L. Brooks ◽  
Martin Hutten
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Yosemite National Park ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Term Response

AbstractOne of the highest priority invasive species at both Yosemite and Sequoia and Kings Canyon national parks is Holcus lanatus L. (common velvetgrass), a perennial bunchgrass that invades mid-elevation montane meadows. Despite velvetgrass being a high priority species, there is little information available on control techniques. The goal of this project was to evaluate the short-term response of a single application of common chemical and manual velvetgrass control techniques. The study was conducted at three montane sites in Yosemite National Park. Glyphosate spot-spray treatments were applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% concentrations, and compared with hand pulling to evaluate effects on cover of common velvetgrass, cover of other plant species, and community species richness. Posttreatment year 1 cover of common velvetgrass was 12.1% ± 1.6 in control plots, 6.3% ± 1.5 averaged over the four chemical treatments (all chemical treatments performed similarly), and 13.6% ± 1.7 for handpulled plots. This represents an approximately 50% reduction in common velvetgrass cover in chemically- treated plots recoded posttreatment year 1 and no statistically significant reduction in hand pulled plots compared with controls. However, there was no treatment effect in posttreatment year 2, and all herbicide application rates performed similarly. In addition, there were no significant treatment effects on nontarget species or species richness. These results suggest that for this level of infestation and habitat type, (1) one year of hand pulling is not an effective control method and (2) glyphosate provides some level of control in the short-term without impact to nontarget plant species, but the effect is temporary as a single year of glyphosate treatment is ineffective over a two-year period.

scholarly journals Short-term response in ungulate numbers to rainfall in the Nossob river of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Du P Bothma
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Delayed Reaction ◽  
Small Decline ◽  
East West ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Made In

Counts of springbok, gemsbok, red hartebeest and blue wildebeest were made in the Nossob riverbed of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park to measure the response in abundance of these species to the onset of the summer rains. Springbok and red hartebeest showed an immediate increase in numbers, probably in response to improving grazing as the first green sprouts of the riverbed vegetation appeared. Gemsbok showed a delayed reaction, their numbers increasing only after the vegetation in the riverbeds grew tall enough to be utilized by them. Blue wildebeest showed a relatively small decline in numbers which could be due to local movements or the start of their annual east-west movement in winter.

Effects of fire regimes on lizards in the wet-dry tropics of Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACTA quantitative analysis of the effect of fire regime on the abundance of common lizard species and genera and the species richness of two lizard groups in Kakadu National Park (12° S) is presented. A surprising range of relationships between species abundance and components of fire regimes was revealed. Carlia amax, Heteronotia binoei and Carlia gracilis appear to be fire-sensitive, Diporiphora bilineata and Carlia triacantha are favoured by early hot fires, Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus seems relatively unaffected, Carlia foliorum seems very tolerant of fires, while Ctenotus and Sphenomorphus spp. are favoured by low intensity, patchy fires with high intensity spots.Lizard species experiencing the high-frequency fire regimes of the savannas and dry forests of the Australian wet-dry tropics are not able to select habitat at different stages of regeneration after fire but select habitat produced by fires of different types. The implication for management is that no one fire regime is optimal for the fauna as a whole. A range of fire regimes within a park should be maintained in order to retain the whole fauna.

scholarly journals Dry Grassland Types in the Prespa National Park (Nw Greece), Including the Southernmost Occurrence of the Priority Habitat Type “Pannonic Sand Steppes” (Code 6260)

Hacquetia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
Georgios Fotiadis ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
Yannis Kazoglou ◽  
Ioannis Tsiripidis
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Priority Habitat

Abstract A recently completed project on the Natura 2000 sites of Prespa National Park revealed that the area hosts 49 habitat types according to the EU classification, of which eight have a narrowly restricted distribution in Greece. The priority habitat type “*6260 Pannonic sand steppes” is reported here for the first time for Greece. The new locality represents its southernmost occurrence on the Balkan Peninsula. The aim of this paper therefore is to describe the Greek stands of this habitat type, investigate the factors affecting its occurrence and discuss the associated conservation issues. This is based on a total of 87 releves sampled for this study and 8 additional releves from the literature. The releves were classified by applying TWINSPAN and ordinated using Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). Six vegetation units could be distinguished. One of these corresponds to the habitat type *6260 and was found exclusively on inland sand dunes. Syntaxonomically, we assigned this unit to the alliance Sileno conicae-Cerastion semidecandri s.l. of the class Koelerio-Corynephoretea. Its occurrence in the study area seems to be determined by climatic factors, as well as by the sandy substrate, while anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing also appear to be beneficial to some degree. Apart from the Koelerio-Corynephoretea, another five grassland classes were distinguished in the national park, namely the Thero-Brachypodietea, Stellarietea mediae, Festuco-Brometea, Daphno-Festucetea and Juncetea trifidi.

Unfolding the case of returnees: How the European Union and its member States are addressing the return of foreign fighters and their families

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Carlota Rigotti ◽  
Júlia Zomignani Barboza
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Member States ◽  
Foreign Fighters ◽  
Term Response

Abstract The return of foreign fighters and their families to the European Union has mostly been considered a security threat by member States, which consequently adopt repressive measures aimed at providing an immediate, short-term response to this perceived threat. In addition to this strong-arm approach, reintegration strategies have also been used to prevent returnees from falling back into terrorism and to break down barriers of hostility between citizens in the long term. Amidst these different strategies, this paper seeks to identify which methods are most desirable for handling returnees.

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