Variation in population structure across the ecological range of the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Gilchrist ◽  
B. Dominiak ◽  
P. S. Gillespie ◽  
J. A. Sved
Keyword(s):  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Ecological Range

We sampled a pest fruit fly species, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, across its entire ecological range in eastern Australia, from ancestral high-density populations in tropical regions through to isolated outbreak populations in marginal arid areas. Using DNA microsatellite markers, we found that in ancestral areas, population differentiation was low and populations were genetically homogeneous over large distances. In more temperate areas, populations were far more genetically differentiated but there was no pattern of isolation-by-distance (no drift/migration equilibrium). Genetic drift appeared to be the major influence on population differentiation. The transition between these extremes was abrupt and unexpectedly far from the species border. Limited geographic structuring among the non-equilibrium populations was apparent from patterns of genetic differentiation, patterns of allelic richness and an ordination analysis. Our results also suggested that there might be recurring migration of flies into a neighbouring quarantine area.

scholarly journals Fruit host-dependent fungal communities in the microbiome of wild Queensland fruit fly larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Majumder ◽  
Brodie Sutcliffe ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor ◽  
Toni A. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Fungal Associates ◽  
Physiological Benefits ◽  
Culture Bias

Abstract Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), the Queensland fruit fly (Qfly), is a highly polyphagous tephritid fly that is widespread in Eastern Australia. Qfly physiology is closely linked with its fungal associates, with particular relationship between Qfly nutrition and yeast or yeast-like fungi. Despite animal-associated fungi typically occurring in multi-species communities, Qfly studies have predominately involved the culture and characterisation of single fungal isolates. Further, only two studies have investigated the fungal communities associated with Qfly, and both have used culture-dependant techniques that overlook non-culturable fungi and hence under-represent, and provide a biased interpretation of, the overall fungal community. In order to explore a potentially hidden fungal diversity and complexity within the Qfly mycobiome, we used culture-independent, high-throughput Illumina sequencing techniques to comprehensively, and holistically characterized the fungal community of Qfly larvae and overcome the culture bias. We collected larvae from a range of fruit hosts along the east coast of Australia, and all had a mycobiome dominated by ascomycetes. The most abundant fungal taxa belonged to the genera Pichia (43%), Candida (20%), Hanseniaspora (10%), Zygosaccharomyces (11%) and Penicillium (7%). We also characterized the fungal communities of fruit hosts, and found a strong degree of overlap between larvae and fruit host communities, suggesting that these communities are intimately inter-connected. Our data suggests that larval fungal communities are acquired from surrounding fruit flesh. It is likely that the physiological benefits of Qfly exposure to fungal communities is primarily due to consumption of these fungi, not through syntrophy/symbiosis between fungi and insect ‘host’.

scholarly journals Weak population structure in the ant Formica fusca

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Johansson ◽  
Perttu Seppä ◽  
Heikki Helanterä ◽  
Kalevi Trontti ◽  
Liselotte Sundström
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Formica Fusca ◽  
Haplotype Data ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Mtdna Haplotype

Dispersal is a fundamental trait of a species’ biology. High dispersal results in weakly structured or even panmictic populations over large areas, whereas weak dispersal enables population differentiation and strong spatial structuring. We report on the genetic population structure in the polygyne ant Formica fusca and the relative contribution of the dispersing males and females to this. We sampled 12 localities across a ∼35 km2 study area in Finland and generated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype data and microsatellite data. First, we assessed queen dispersal by estimating population differentiation from mtDNA haplotype data. Second, we analysed nuclear DNA microsatellite data to determine overall population genetic substructure in the study area with principal components analysis, Bayesian clustering, hierarchical F statistics and testing for evidence of isolation-by-distance. Third, we directly compared genetic differentiation estimates from maternally inherited mtDNA and bi-parentally inherited DNA microsatellites to test for sex-bias in dispersal. Our results showed no significant spatial structure or isolation by distance in neither mtDNA nor DNA microsatellite data, suggesting high dispersal of both sexes across the study area. However, mitochondrial differentiation was weaker (Fst-mt = 0.0047) than nuclear differentiation (Fst-nuc = 0.027), which translates into a sixfold larger female migration rate compared to that of males. We conclude that the weak population substructure reflects high dispersal in both sexes, and it is consistent with F. fusca as a pioneer species exploiting unstable habitats in successional boreal forests.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Analysis of Genetic Population Structure in the Noisy Miner Using DNA Microsatellite Markers

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathryn L. Abbott ◽  
Tarmo Põldmaa ◽  
Stephen Lougheed ◽  
Michael Clarke ◽  
Peter T. Boag
Keyword(s):  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Dna Microsatellites ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Noisy Miner ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Manorina Melanocephala ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers

Abstract The Noisy Miner (Manorina melanocephala) is a common, cooperatively breeding meliphagid of eastern and southeastern Australia. We used DNA microsatellites to examine the apportionment of genetic diversity in Noisy Miners at disparate geographic scales to generate baseline information about the population genetic structure of this species. We examined five loci for 79 individuals from four populations. We found small amounts of genetic differentiation between paired populations separated by 30–40 km, and more substantial and significant differentiation between populations separated by more than 1000 km. This result implies substantial gene flow on local scales but much less at regional levels, probably reflecting short dispersal distances and isolation by distance. Análisis Jerárquico de la Estructura Genética Poblacional de Manorina melanocephala Utilizando Marcadores de ADN Microsatelital Resumen. Manorina melanocephala es un melifágido común del sur-este de Australia que presenta cría cooperativa. Utilizamos ADN microsatelital para examinar la distribución de la diversidad genética de M. melanocephala a diferentes escalas geográficas para generar información básica sobre la estructura genética poblacional de esta especie. Examinamos 5 loci en 79 individuos pertenecientes a cuatro poblaciones. Encontramos una baja diferenciación genética entre pares de poblaciones separadas por 30–40 km, y una diferenciación más substancial y significativa entre poblaciones separadas por más de 1000 km. Estos resultados sugieren un alto grado de flujo génico a escala local, el cual es mucho menor a nivel regional, lo que probablemente refleja distancias de dispersión cortas y aislamiento por distancia.

Pest fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northwestern Australia: one species or two?

2009 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Cameron ◽  
J.A. Sved ◽  
A.S. Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Endemic Population ◽  
Northwestern Australia ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
High Degree

AbstractSince 1985, a new and serious fruit fly pest has been reported in northwestern Australia. It has been unclear whether this pest was the supposedly benign endemic species, Bactrocera aquilonis, or a recent introduction of the morphologically near-identical Queensland fruit fly, B. tryoni. B. tryoni is a major pest throughout eastern Australia but is isolated from the northwest region by an arid zone. In the present study, we sought to clarify the species status of these new pests using an extensive DNA microsatellite survey across the entire northwest region of Australia. Population differentiation tests and clustering analyses revealed a high degree of homogeneity within the northwest samples, suggesting that just one species is present in the region. That northwestern population showed minimal genetic differentiation from B. tryoni from Queensland (FST=0.015). Since 2000, new outbreaks of this pest fruit fly have occurred to the west of the region, and clustering analysis suggested recurrent migration from the northwest region rather than Queensland. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing also showed no evidence for the existence of a distinct species in the northwest region. We conclude that the new pest fruit fly in the northwest is the endemic population of B. aquilonis but that there is no genetic evidence supporting the separation of B. aquilonis and B. tryoni as distinct species.

Dacus tryoni. [Distribution map].

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Dacus tryoni[Bactrocera tryoni] (Frogg.) (Dipt., Trypetidae) (Queensland Fruit-fly) Hosts: Many deciduous and subtropical fruits. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AUSTRALIA, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria.

scholarly journals Polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for forensic individual identification and parentage analyses of seven threatened species of parrots (family Psittacidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jan ◽  
Luca Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers

The parrot family represents one of the bird group with the largest number of endangered species, as a result of habitat destruction and illegal trade. This illicit traffic involves the smuggling of eggs and animals, and the laundering through captive breeding facilities of wild-caught animals. Despite the huge potential of wildlife DNA forensics to determine with conclusive evidence illegal trade, current usage of DNA profiling approaches in parrots has been limited by the lack of suitable molecular markers specifically developed for the focal species and by low cross-species polymorphism. In this study, we isolated DNA microsatellite markers in seven parrot species threatened with extinction (Amazona brasiliensis,A. oratrix,A. pretrei,A. rhodocorytha,Anodorhynchus leari,Ara rubrogenysandPrimolius couloni). From an enriched genomic library followed by 454 pyrosequencing, we characterized a total of 106 polymorphic microsatellite markers (mostly tetranucleotides) in the seven species and tested them across an average number of 19 individuals per species. The mean number of alleles per species and across loci varied from 6.4 to 8.3, with the mean observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. Identity and parentage exclusion probabilities were highly discriminatory. The high variability displayed by these microsatellite loci demonstrates their potential utility to perform individual genotyping and parentage analyses, in order to develop a DNA testing framework to determine illegal traffic in these threatened species.

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