Reproductive anatomy, gonad development and spawning seasonality of nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri (Perciformes:Kurtidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Berra ◽  
B. Gomelsky ◽  
B. A. Thompson ◽  
D. Wedd
Keyword(s):  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy

The nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri, of northern Australia, is remarkable for the fact that the males carry the egg mass on a supraoccipital hook on their forehead. Plankton samples of larval nurseryfish indicate a prolonged spawning season (June–November) that more or less corresponds with the dry season in the Northern Territory. The paired, elongate testes are located in the posterior portion of the body cavity suspended by the mesorchium. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of males was small and highly variable (mean 0.14, range 0.01–0.27) from June to November. The histological structure of testicular lobes showed maturing and mature stages that contained spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The paired, bean-shaped ovaries contained about 5500 oocytes (1176–9783) and were located in the rear of the abdominal cavity. GSI averaged 1.58 (range 0.36–4.48). Ovarian histology revealed primary growth, cortical alveolar oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, coalesced yolk, and atresia. The occurrence of postovulatory follicles and late vitellogenetic oocytes in the ovaries clearly indicate that nurseryfish females are batch spawners. Maturing testes showed signs of previous spawnings indicating that males are capable of spawning several times throughout the spawning season. We speculate that nurseryfish may spawn in a manner similar to their closest relatives, cardinalfishes (Apogonidae), with eggs carried on the male’s hook instead of orally.

ENCAPSULATION OF RHABDITOID NEMATODES IN MOSQUITOES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan F. Bronskill
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Blood Sinus

In third and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), juveniles of the rhabditoid, DD136, penetrate the blood sinus and cardial epithelium of the proventriculus to enter the body cavity of the host, where they complete their development. By 5 hours, a thick capsule developed about many of the ensheathed immature adults of DD136 within the body cavity of A. aegypti larvae. This rapid defence reaction of the mosquito to DD136, which has both a melanin and a cellular manifestation, occurs both in the exotic mosquito A. aegypti and in the two endemic species tested, Aedes stimulans (Walker) and Aedes trichurus (Dyar). The resistance of A. stimulans to an endemic rhabditoid, possibly of the Diplogasteridae, is also similar. The histological structure of the capsule is not affected during metamorphosis in A. aegypti; however, during histogenesis of adult tissue displacement and (or) distortion of some tissues and organs may be caused by the presence of the capsule within the host's body cavity. The activity of the adult A. aegypti is normal when this distortion or displacement is minor. Though usually encapsulated DD136 are retained within the body cavity of A. aegypti during metamorphosis, sometimes they are partially or completely expelled from the host's body cavity at the time of molting.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Histological Structure of Reproductive Organs in Male Flying Squirrel Hylopetes Lepidus (Horsfield, 1822)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Shanghnesy Jovita Nirvana ◽  
Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi ◽  
Erna Ekasari ◽  
Lailatul Maghfiroh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Flying Squirrel ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Diameter

Flying squirrel (Hylopetes lepidus) is an Eutherial mamal (placental mammal), belong to the order Rodentia and belong to the family Sciuridae. Hylopetes lepidus had gray cheek as its unique characteristics. The reproductive organs are the key to success in maintaining the new descendants. Male reproductive organs will produce the male sex cells or spermatozoa. The purpose of the research is to examine the anatomical structure, morphometry, histomorphometry, and histological structure of male reproductive organs (penis, testicle, vas deferens, bulbouretralis gland, prostate and seminal vesicles) of Hylopetes lepidus. The method used in examining histological characteristics is Hematoxyin–Eosin staining method. The histological structure of reproductive organs were observed using optilab microscope. The results of the study showed that the adult male flying squirrel weighed 104.28 ± 0.64 gram. Anatomically, it has oval white reddist testicle. The testicle is located side out of the body cavity in the scrotum. Morphometric observation testicular showed that the right testes has volume 0.35 ± 0.07 ml, and the left has volume 0.35 ± 0.07 ml, weight of the right testicular 0.19   ± 0.01 gram, weight of the left testicular 0.18 ± 0.01 gram, diameter of the right testicular 6.35 ± 0.21 mm, diameter of the left testicular 6.35 0.21 mm, short diameter of the right testicular 3.45 ± 0.21 mm, and short diameter of the left testicular 3.45 ± 0.21 mm. The diameter of tubulus seminiferus 261,4 ± 0.14 μm. The conclusion of this study compared to rodentia other testicular Hylopetes lepidus has a unique testicular bound by the connective tissue in the scrotum so that testicular included in class permanent descending testicular. The rhombus of the prostate gland are blunt, while histologically the sertoli cells in the seminiferus tubule shaped elongated, while in morphometry penis Hylopetes lepidus relatively longer than Mus musculus.

scholarly journals On the openings in the wall of the body-cavity of vertebrates

1898 ◽  
Vol 62 (379-387) ◽  
pp. 232-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body

In the review of the vertebrates held in the following pages, I have put together as many facts as I could ascertain on the distribution of abdominal pores in the various groups, and side by side with this evidence I have arranged the available facts recorded by others, and observed by myself, on the distribution of nephrostomes and other openings on the wall of the abdominal cavity.

Reproduction in Australian Pearl Oysters (Lamellibranchia). V. Pinctada fucata (Gould)

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Tranter
Keyword(s):  
Gonad Development ◽  
Pinctada Fucata ◽  
Spawning Season ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Gonad Differentiation ◽  
Mantle Layer ◽  
Spat Settlement

>Pinctacla fucata, in common with P. albina and P. margaritifera, is hermaphrodite. The gonad develops in a series of phases, in which germ cells are formed anew from indifferent "stem cells" which remain after spawning. Each phase is unisexual, but sex may change from phase to phase. There is a tendency towards protandry, but this is less marked than in P. albina. The percentage of individuals in female phase increases until middle life, by which time the sexes are equally common. Both protandric and protogynic sex-changes have been recorded in the field and, on one occasioii, a bisexual, transitional condition was observed in gonad sections. The evidence shows that sex change is not restricted to the wintering period. Primary gonad differentiation begins 2-3 months after spat settlement, and within 6 months sexual maturity is reached. Frequently, there is a second phase of gonad development towards the end of the first year. The typical adult breeding cycle consists of: a period of gonad differentiation from September to November; a spawning period from December to May; and a resting period from June to August. During the spawning season, there are usually two periods of maximum intensity: January-February ("summer spawning") and April-May ("autumn spawning"), the latter being the more consistent of the two. However, lesser spawnings occur outside the major spawning season, and spatfalls have been recorded throughout the year. The macroscopic and histological structure of the gonad is similar to that of P. albina and P. margaritifera. The following points are noted: gonad colour is an unreliable indication of sex; the white mantle layer covering the gonad is predominantly mucoprotein, and is probably concerned with shell secretion ; there are no yolk nuclei visible in the cytoplasm of the oocyte, as in P. margaritifera; activation of the ripe oocyte takes place within the gonad follicles immediately prior to spawning; as in P. albina spawning is frequently incomplete, and phagocytosis plays a major role in the resorption of unspent gonad products; the haploid chromosome number is six.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characteristics of Anisakis typica Larvae in Two Species of Threadfin Bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Rattanachai Tunya ◽  
Chalobol Wongsawad ◽  
Pheravut Wongsawad ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Anisakid Larvae

The third stage larvae (L3) of <i>Anisakis typica</i> were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, <i>Nemipterus hexodon</i> and <i>N. japonicus</i>, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 <i>Nemipterus hexodon</i> and 50 <i>N. japonicus</i>, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of <i>A. typica</i> L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in <i>N. hexodon</i> and <i>N. japonicus</i> and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of <i>Anisakis typica</i> under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of <i>A. simplex</i>. The protruded mucron could be used to identify <i>A. typica</i> L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with <i>A. typica</i>. Conclusively, it was confirmed that <i>A. typica</i> L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and <i>A. pegreffii</i>.

Variations in the reproductive investment of a venerid bivalve, Callista chione

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589
Author(s):  
Ariadna Purroy ◽  
Filip Bukša ◽  
Sanja Puljas ◽  
Melita Peharda
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Callista Chione ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractUnderstanding variations in the reproductive cycle of commercial and ecologically important bivalve species is essential to address fisheries management and climate oscillation issues. Spatial and temporal trends in the reproductive cycle of Callista chione were analysed using standard histological procedures and gonadosomatic index (GSI) for two consecutive years at two coastal sites in the Adriatic Sea. Reproductive output and fecundity were analysed quantitatively to gain better insight into the seasonal energy balance with respect to gametogenesis. A seawater temperature difference of ~4°C between the two sites likely influenced the onset and duration of spawning. At Cetina (milder temperatures), spawning was prolonged and occurred between spring and July, whereas at Pag there was only one main spawning peak in July. Both histology and GSI showed similar trends, indicating GSI to be a reliable method for analysing the main characteristics of the reproductive cycle. Conversely, the use of the body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of gonad development should be addressed carefully. Intraspecific variation in energy allocation between populations suggested life strategies modified to different habitat conditions. A higher reproductive investment and output in the Pag population directed gonadal resorption to ensure the generation of a new cycle, whereas the higher fecundity at the Cetina site indicated the production of gonads from newly available food. These results suggest successful physiological acclimatization to recent increasing temperatures.

An attempt to use the peritoneal cavity fluid in the diagnostics of acid-base balance disorders in dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Glińska-Suchocka ◽  
P. Sławuta
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
White Line ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance

Abstract The acid-base balance parameters (ABB) of blood are used in the diagnostics and therapy of acidosis or alkalosis type disorders. Nowadays, some reports on the attempts to use the body cavity fluid for the diagnostics of the ABB disorders have appeared in the human medicine. The study has aimed at comparing the acid-base balance parameters (ABB): pH, pCO2, and HCO3 - determined in the arterial blood and the fluid from the peritoneal cavity in dogs. The study was carried out on 20 dogs suffering from ascites developed as a result of the chronic renal failure. 1 ml of full blood was drawn from each dog from its femoral artery to a heparinized syringe equipped with a needle with an internal diameter of 0.7 mm and the puncture of the abdominal cavity was carried out in the white line. In the sample of arterial blood and the sample of the abdominal cavity fluid drawn the ABB parameters were determined. In the group examined, the ABB parameters determined for the arterial blood and the fluid had comparable numeric values and the same nature of the ABB disorder diagnosed on the basis of them. The conclusions are as follows: the results of the effusion fluid gasometry depend on the mechanism of the fluid formation and, in the case when it comes from the developed capillary network, a pressure of gases and remaining ABB parameters are similar to those determined for the arterial blood.

The migratory route of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae) in the American coot, Fulica americana (Gm.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fulica Americana ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Migratory Route ◽  
American Coot

The migration of Cyclocoelum mutabile (Zeder) was examined in experimentally infected coots, Fulica americana (Gm.). Newly excysted C. mutabile penetrate the intestine and enter the body cavity within 4 h after administration of metacercariae. Penetration of the liver occurred within 24 h and the flukes underwent a period of development in the liver that lasted for at least 12 days. By day 15 the immature flukes began to leave the liver and 50% of the flukes had entered the abdominal cavity. By day 18 all flukes had left the liver and by day 21 had become established in the air sacs, principally the clavicular air sac, where they mature. The possible significance of the establishment of C. mutabile in the clavicular air sac is discussed.

Myiasis in Bufo regularis caused by a Tabanid Larva

Parasitology ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Edward Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Cylindrical Structure ◽  
The Right

In December, 1922, whilst dissecting a large female example of Bufo regularis, one of my students noticed a cylindrical structure extending along the ventral region of the body-cavity. A careful examination showed that this structure consisted of an elongated sac-like diverticulum of the right lung, containing an almost full-grown specimen of a dipterous larva, which could be seen through the membraneous wall of the diverticulum. The base of the latter, in addition to its point of origin from the lung, was also connected to the dorsal surface of the liver by strands of fibrous tissue, suggesting that the growth had been in existence some considerable time in order to cause such adhesions. Posteriorly, the diverticulum hung freely in the body cavity and extended to the extreme hinder end. Its dimensions were 5·5 cm. in length, by 0·5 cm. in diameter, but tapering towards each extremity.

scholarly journals Early Palaeozoic dentine and patterned scales in the embryonic catshark tail

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerina Johanson ◽  
Mikiko Tanaka ◽  
Natalie Chaplin ◽  
Moya Smith
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iterative Sequence ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Early Palaeozoic ◽  
Hedgehog Signal ◽  
Modular Nature

Regular scale patterning, restricted to the caudalmost tail and organized into two opposing rows on each side of the tail, is observed in few chondrichthyans. These evenly spaced scales, in dorsal and ventral rows, develop in an iterative sequence from the caudal tip, either side of the notochord. They are subsequently lost as a scattered pattern of placoid scales develops on the body and fins. An identical organized pattern is observed in tail scales of Scyliorhinus canicula (catshark), where the expression of sonic hedgehog signal is restricted to the epithelium of developing scales and remains localized to the scale pocket. Regulation of iterative scale position by sonic hedgehog is deeply conserved in vertebrate phylogeny. These scales also reveal an archaic histological structure of a dentine type found in the oldest known shark scales from the Ordovician and Silurian. This combination of regulated pattern and ancient dentine occurs only in the tail, representing the primary scalation. Scattered body scales in elasmobranchs such as S. canicula originate secondarily from differently regulated development, one with typical orthodentine around a central pulp cavity. These observations emphasize the modular nature of chondrichthyan scale development and illustrate previously undetected variation as an atavism in extant chondrichthyan dentine.

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