scholarly journals Anatomical and Histological Structure of Reproductive Organs in Male Flying Squirrel Hylopetes Lepidus (Horsfield, 1822)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Shanghnesy Jovita Nirvana ◽  
Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi ◽  
Erna Ekasari ◽  
Lailatul Maghfiroh
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Flying Squirrel ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Diameter

Flying squirrel (Hylopetes lepidus) is an Eutherial mamal (placental mammal), belong to the order Rodentia and belong to the family Sciuridae. Hylopetes lepidus had gray cheek as its unique characteristics. The reproductive organs are the key to success in maintaining the new descendants. Male reproductive organs will produce the male sex cells or spermatozoa. The purpose of the research is to examine the anatomical structure, morphometry, histomorphometry, and histological structure of male reproductive organs (penis, testicle, vas deferens, bulbouretralis gland, prostate and seminal vesicles) of Hylopetes lepidus. The method used in examining histological characteristics is Hematoxyin–Eosin staining method. The histological structure of reproductive organs were observed using optilab microscope. The results of the study showed that the adult male flying squirrel weighed 104.28 ± 0.64 gram. Anatomically, it has oval white reddist testicle. The testicle is located side out of the body cavity in the scrotum. Morphometric observation testicular showed that the right testes has volume 0.35 ± 0.07 ml, and the left has volume 0.35 ± 0.07 ml, weight of the right testicular 0.19   ± 0.01 gram, weight of the left testicular 0.18 ± 0.01 gram, diameter of the right testicular 6.35 ± 0.21 mm, diameter of the left testicular 6.35 0.21 mm, short diameter of the right testicular 3.45 ± 0.21 mm, and short diameter of the left testicular 3.45 ± 0.21 mm. The diameter of tubulus seminiferus 261,4 ± 0.14 μm. The conclusion of this study compared to rodentia other testicular Hylopetes lepidus has a unique testicular bound by the connective tissue in the scrotum so that testicular included in class permanent descending testicular. The rhombus of the prostate gland are blunt, while histologically the sertoli cells in the seminiferus tubule shaped elongated, while in morphometry penis Hylopetes lepidus relatively longer than Mus musculus.

scholarly journals Anatomy and Histology of Reproductive Organ of Male Guinea Pig As a Source of Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Elvira Mega Androma ◽  
Laela Umi Khasanah
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
Readability Test

This study were aim to (1) describe the anatomical and histological structures of testicular organ, epididymis, vas deferens, accessory glands, and penis in guinea pig (2) develop learning media in the form of histological slides as well as anatomy atlas of male reproductive organs (3) examine the atlas of reproductive organs of male guinea pig as a source of learning. Slide were made using paraffin method with HE staining. The study revealed histological structure of the five guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) accessory glands, namely ampullary glands, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and preputial gland. In addition, guinea pig penis had a baculum on its base. The results of the student response test showed very good category with the percentage of 90,55%. The readability test had very good value from the subject expert (95,71%), media expert (81,66%), peer reviewer (88,07%) and biology teacher (81,51%). Overall, the atlas of the 'Anatomy of Male Reproductive Organs of Guinea Pig' had excellent quality and deserves to be used as a learning resource.

Myiasis in Bufo regularis caused by a Tabanid Larva

Parasitology ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Edward Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Large Female ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Cylindrical Structure ◽  
The Right

In December, 1922, whilst dissecting a large female example of Bufo regularis, one of my students noticed a cylindrical structure extending along the ventral region of the body-cavity. A careful examination showed that this structure consisted of an elongated sac-like diverticulum of the right lung, containing an almost full-grown specimen of a dipterous larva, which could be seen through the membraneous wall of the diverticulum. The base of the latter, in addition to its point of origin from the lung, was also connected to the dorsal surface of the liver by strands of fibrous tissue, suggesting that the growth had been in existence some considerable time in order to cause such adhesions. Posteriorly, the diverticulum hung freely in the body cavity and extended to the extreme hinder end. Its dimensions were 5·5 cm. in length, by 0·5 cm. in diameter, but tapering towards each extremity.

ENCAPSULATION OF RHABDITOID NEMATODES IN MOSQUITOES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan F. Bronskill
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Adult Tissue ◽  
Defence Reaction ◽  
Blood Sinus

In third and fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti (L.), juveniles of the rhabditoid, DD136, penetrate the blood sinus and cardial epithelium of the proventriculus to enter the body cavity of the host, where they complete their development. By 5 hours, a thick capsule developed about many of the ensheathed immature adults of DD136 within the body cavity of A. aegypti larvae. This rapid defence reaction of the mosquito to DD136, which has both a melanin and a cellular manifestation, occurs both in the exotic mosquito A. aegypti and in the two endemic species tested, Aedes stimulans (Walker) and Aedes trichurus (Dyar). The resistance of A. stimulans to an endemic rhabditoid, possibly of the Diplogasteridae, is also similar. The histological structure of the capsule is not affected during metamorphosis in A. aegypti; however, during histogenesis of adult tissue displacement and (or) distortion of some tissues and organs may be caused by the presence of the capsule within the host's body cavity. The activity of the adult A. aegypti is normal when this distortion or displacement is minor. Though usually encapsulated DD136 are retained within the body cavity of A. aegypti during metamorphosis, sometimes they are partially or completely expelled from the host's body cavity at the time of molting.

Memoirs: On the Structure of an Earthworm allied to Nemertodrilus, Mich., with Observations on the Post-embryonic Development of Certain Organs

1891 ◽  
Vol s2-32 (128) ◽  
pp. 539-585
Author(s):  
FRANK E. BEDDARD
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Front Wall ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles ◽  
Morphological Equivalent ◽  
Ventral Wall ◽  
Young Worm

The principal new facts in this paper may be briefly summarised as follows : (1) The nephridial system consists of paired nephridia which do not open immediately on to the exterior, but are connected with an extensively ramifying system of tubes embedded in the circular and longitudinal muscular coats; these tubes consist of four principal longitudinal trunks continuous from segment to segment, and of a single large circular vessel in each segment passing right round the worm at the junction of the circular and longitudinal muscles; these are connected by a plexus of vessels, and numerous tubules, leading to the exterior, are given off from the circular trunk. In some of the genital segments the paired nephridia have almost disappeared, leaving only the integumental network. Nothing of the kind has been yet described in any Oligochæte. In the young worm, just escaped from the cocoon, there is no integumental network, which must, therefore, be regarded as secondary, but the anterior nephridia at any rate are connected on each side by a continuous longitudinal duct lying within the cœlom. (2) In the young worm the reproductive organs agree with these organs in other earthworms; in the^ adult, a large unpaired sac lying over the gut is developed; this sac encloses the receptacula ovorum, and opens by a median pore on Segment 13. It is developed from mesoblastic tissues, and is not therefore the morphological equivalent of the spermathecæ in Lumbricus, &c., but it performs the same function; the sac is formed internally and then grows out towards the epidermis ; it is at first in open communication with the cœlom; its front wall is formed out of the intersegmental septum between Segments 12, 13; the ovaries are enclosed by it, but disappear early, before the sac is completed; otherwise the ova would be probably unable to enter the egg-sac which becomes nearly completely shut off from the sac; the two are in communication only by the oviducal funnel, which has become divided by the growth of the spermathecal sac into two separate tubes, one opening into the spermathecal sac, the other into the closed egg-sac; they unite, of course, to form the oviduct itself, which opens on to the 15th segment, reckoning by the external furrow, but on to the border line between Segments 14, 15, reckoning by the septa. (3) The testes and the vas deferens funnels are quite typical in their structure and position; so, too, are the (two) pairs of sperm-sacs (in Segments 11, 12). The sperm ducts are not, as they are in other Eudrilidæ, dilated to form sperm reservoirs ; they open into tubular atria, with thick muscular walls and glandular lining, near to their blind extremities; the two atria open by a common pore upon the border line between Segments 17, 18; each is furnished with a short penial seta not ornamented. (4) The alimentary tract has no calciferous glands or ventral œsophageal pouches such as are found in other Eudrilidæ at the end of the oesophagus are three gizzards, one to a segment; the intestine which immediately follows has at first three typhlosolar folds; later on the two lateral and shorter folds disappear. The ventral wall of the pharynx is connected with the nephridial tubes of its segments; they open into the interior of the pharynx. (5) The area surrounding the setas of each side of the body is shut off from the general body-cavity, forming a paired series of chambers; in the œsophageal region is developed a perihæmal cœlomic space surrounding the subœsophageal vessels.

scholarly journals The intracranial vascular system of sphenodon

1909 ◽  
Vol 81 (548) ◽  
pp. 290-291 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cephalic Vein ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

This memoir contains a detailed description, with illustrations, of the intracranial blood-vessels of the Tuatara, of which no account has hitherto been published. The description is belived to be more complete than any hithero given for any reptile, and a considerable number of vessels are described which have not hithero been noted in Lacertilia. This comparative completeness of detail is largely due to the employment of a special method of investigation. By this method the entire contents of the cranial cavity are fixed and hardened in situ , and are then in excellent condition either for dissection or for histological purposes. The brain does not occupy nearly the whole of the cranial cavity, there being a very large subdural space (especially above the brain), across which many of the blood-vessels run, together with delicate strands of connective tissue which connect the dura mater with pia. The eyeballs are removed and an incision is made on each side in the cartilaginous wall which separates the cranial cavity from the orbit. Acetic bichromate of potash (made up according to the formula given by Bolles Lee) is injected in to the cranial cavity through these incision, and the entire animal, after opening the body cavity, is suspended in a large volume of the same fluid for about five days, and then graded up to 70 per cent. Alcohol. When the cranial cavity is now opened up the cerebral vessels are seen with extraordinary distinctness, although they have not been artifically injected. Futher details were made out by means of serial sections, both transverse and longitudinal, and both of the adult and of advanced embroyes (Stage S). In most respect the arrangement of the intracranical blood-vessels agrees with found in the Lacertilia, so far as these have been investigated, but there is an important difference in the fact that the posterior cephalic vein leaves the cranial cavity through the foramen jugulare and not through the foramen magnum, while a slightly more primitive condition is shown in the less complete union of the right and left halves of the basilar artery. Sphenodon makes some approach to the condition of the Chelonia in this latter respect, but differs conspicuously from this group in the fact that the circle of Willis is not completed anteriorly, as well as in the fact that no branch of the posterior cephalic vein leaves the cranial cavity through the foreman magnum. A very characteristic features of Sphenodon is the development of large transverse sinues resembling those of the crocodile, but these communicate with the extracranial vascular system in quite a different manner from that described by Rathke in the latter animal.

On the Nematode Parasite of the frit-fly, Oscinella frit, L

1930 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goodey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fly Larvae

In a paper recently published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, the writer describes the discovery of certain small Tylenchoid nematodes in the swollen stems of the seedling oats suffering from frit-fly attack at Winches Farm, St. Albans. Adults of both sexes and larvæ undergoing the last two moults were found in the destroyed plant tissues surrounding the fly larvæ. The spermatized female worms were next discovered within the body-cavity of the frit-fly larvæ. In due course, they were obtained from pupæ of the fly, having increased in size, and finally were found within adult flies of both sexes lying coiled within the abdomen as comparatively large sausage-shaped worms. As a result of the presence of the worm, the flies are sterilised, being unable to develop their reproductive organs. The worms become viviparous and shed large numbers of larvæ into the body-cavity of the fly and these, after undergoing a certain amount of growth, make their way into the gut of the host and pass to the exterior via the anus. In the present communication a brief account is given of the principal observations on the new parasite, its life-history and the effects on the host, described in detail in the original paper.

On some British Larval Cestodes from Land and Fresh-water Invertebrate Hosts

Parasitology ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Animal Experiment ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Careful Comparison

Ten larval Cestodes, eight from aquatic and two from terrestrial hosts, have been described. Of these, eight species are new, and in the case of Cysticercus “A,” both larva and adult are new. By direct animal experiment the life-histories of three forms have been definitely established, while by careful comparison of the hooks of the scolex two larvae have been related to known adults. Cysticercus Hymenolepidis setigerae, previously recorded only from Copepods, is described here from an Ostracod host.Effect of the parasite on the host. It is difficult to estimate the effect of Cestode larvae parasitic in Invertebrata, especially in the smaller forms such as the Entomostraca. In the latter, I have found that the intestine and musculature suffer most, and that the reproductive organs remain unattacked. The same remarks also hold for Oligochaete hosts. Dady (1901) considers that the influence of these cystic stages on their hosts is considerable, particularly on the musculature, sexual organs and intestine, and that death of the host may follow. Lindner (1921) states that little or no harm is done to Ostracods by the presence of tapeworm larvae, and also that the ovary of the female remains unattacked. The same author considers that, among the Entomostraca, destruction of the intestine occurs only in Copepods, the body cavity of Ostracods being so roomy that a harming of the intestine by growth of the parasite is unlikely. Schmidt (1894) finds that for Cysticercus Hymenolepidis anatinae, the host, Cypris ovata, was not particularly affected.

The internal anatomy of Typhlops schneider (Reptilia)

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Robb
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Reproductive Systems ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath ◽  
First Time

The internal anatomy of Typhlops shows a number of interesting features which support the hypothesis that the typhlopids are wrongly classified among the Ophidia, and that they should either be given subordinal rank, equivalent to the Sauria and the Serpentes, or be made an infra-order of the Sauria. The alimentary, vascular, respiratory, and reproductive systems are described in detail for the first time. The most striking peculiarities occur in the respiratory and reproductive systems. Unlike most snakes, Typhlops has two functional lungs, one occupying most of the anterior third of the body cavity, and the other smaller one lying immediately behind it. All the pulmonary blood vessels are well developed. The male reproductive organs are solid, grooved, protrusible structures, each of which is contained within a connective tissue sheath in the postanal region. These organs are unlike the hemipenes of any snake or lizard of which a description can be found. Both male and female animals possess a large cloaca1 gland in the postanal region. There are also several uncommon features in the alimentary and vascular systems.

scholarly journals Description of the reproductive tract and gonad histology of a second form of hermaphroditism in the Port Jackson sharkHeterodontus portusjacksoni

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee A. Jones ◽  
Ian C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Gonadal Maturation ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Port Jackson

Sampling of commercial fisheries bycatch in south-western Australia has yielded a second and different form of hermaphrodite of the Port Jackson sharkHeterodontus portusjacksoni. Its total length (706 mm) and weight (2740 g) fall within the range of those of mature males, but below those of mature females. The left clasper was similar to that of normal mature males, whereas the right clasper was far smaller, had a poorly-developed rhipidion groove and lacked a spur. The body cavity possessed a testis on the left, an ovotestis on the right, and contained sperm ducts, oviducal glands and uteri on both sides. As with normal mature males, the testis and the testicular component of the ovotestis contained germ cells in various stages of spermatogenesis, including late stage spermatids. The ovarian component of the ovotestis contained 14 follicles that were larger (5–9 mm diameter) than those of normal females of similar size, which were immature, but far smaller than those of normal mature females. Six of those follicles were atretic. The widths of the left and right oviducal glands and uteri were far greater than those of normal females of similar size, but similar to those of normal mature females. Thus, although gonadal maturation had progressed further in the testis and the testicular component of the ovotestis than in the ovarian component of the ovotestis, the oviducal glands and the uteri of the hermaphrodite were of similar size to those of normal mature females and were far better developed than those of normal females of similar length, which are immature.

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