Osteology of the Myobatrachine Frog Arenophryne rotunda Tyler (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and Comparisons with other Myobatrachine Genera

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Nasal Bones ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Occipital Condyles

Cranial and post-cranial osteology of the headfirst-burrowing Australian myobatrachine frog, Arenophryne rotunda, are described and compared with the genera Myobatrachus, Pseudophryne, Uperoleia and Ranidella. Some anatomical features, such as the position of the nasal bones, the form of the occipital condyles and the orientation of the coracoids, are considered to be burrowing adaptations, whilst other features reflect phylogenetic affinities. The highly paedomorphic nature of the skull is unique among the genera examined.

Endocranial anatomy of a new fossil porpoise (Odontoceti, Phocoenidae) from the Pliocene San Diego Formation of California

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Racicot ◽  
Timothy Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Harbor Porpoise ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Falx Cerebri ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities ◽  
Dorsal Extension

The Pliocene fossil porpoise SDSNH 65276 has extremely elongate mandibular morphology, unlike that of any marine amniote, and is superficially most similar to the living bird species known as skimmers (Rynchops sp.). Endocasts of the pterygoid sinuses and endocranial cavity were digitally segmented from high-resolution X-ray CT scans of the specimen to explore internal anatomy of functionally and phylogenetically important anatomical features of this specimen and odontocetes in general. The sinuses are similar in volume and shape to extant porpoise species, but the dorsal extension of the preorbital lobes are particularly elongate as in the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The cranial endocast also shows similarities with extant porpoises, but has much deeper interhemispheric fissures, which are filled by ossified meninges, particularly a deep falx cerebri and shallower tentorium cerebelli. Ossifications of these parts of the meninges may reflect faster angular accelerations of the head, deeper diving ability, or both. Penetrations of the endocranial cavity for cranial nerves and blood vessels are like those of extant porpoises. The internal skull morphology of this unique delphinoid sheds additional light both on its phylogenetic affinities and novel odontocete adaptations.

The rare Andean pitviper Rhinocerophis jonathani (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae): redescription with comments on its systematics and biogeography

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2283 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAOLA A. CARRASCO ◽  
MICHAEL B. HARVEY ◽  
ARTURO MUÑOZ SARAVIA
Keyword(s):  
Southern Andes ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Cranial Osteology ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Rhinocerophis jonathani is one of the few species of the Neotropical pitvipers that inhabit xeric areas at elevations above 2000 m in the Andes. We redescribe the species based on new specimens found in southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina and provide new data on lepidosis, coloration, hemipenial morphology and the first description of cranial osteology. Rhinocerophis jonathani exhibits a suite of unusual features that are of systematic value within bothropoid genera. We compare the species with the phenotypically similar R. alternatus and the probably sympatric R. ammodytoides to address phylogenetic affinities. The new localities for Rhinocerophis jonathani extend the known range of the species southwards, provide data on its habitat and are the first records of its presence in Argentina. This pitviper occurs in a tropical-subtropical transition area in the Southern Andes and is likely to be derived from the Chacoan fauna.

scholarly journals Variable skeletal anatomical features of acromegaly in the skull and craniocervical junction

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Maria Piagkou ◽  
Othon Manolakos ◽  
Theodore Troupis ◽  
Nikolaos Lazaridis ◽  
Konstantinos Laios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Occipital Condyles

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective. </strong>This study adds important information regarding the morphological alterations caused by growth hormone hypersecretion in the skull and craniocervical junction (CCJ). A variably asymmetric skull due to acromegaly coexists with expansion of the paranasal sinuses and multiple Wormian bones. <strong>Case report. </strong>A pathologically asymmetric dry skull of a European male, aged 38 years at death, with cranial vault and skull base thickening is described. The extensive paranasal sinus pneumatization caused a generalized thinning of the bony walls. The sphenoid sinus expanded intraorbitally, leading to sella enlargement. The orbital asymmetry coexisted with platybasia and hypoplasia of the occipital condyles and the odontoid process. Facial skeleton elongation and mandibular overgrowth were combined with prognathism, malocclusion and overbite. <strong>Conclusion. </strong>Skull and CCJ alterations are of paramount importance when selecting the surgical approach, if surgery is indicated. Consecutively, detailed preoperative evaluation and planning is essential. During surgery, skilled and experienced neurosurgeons recognize anatomical landmarks, use neuro- navigation and micro-instrumentation in order to remain on the mid- line avoiding any potential lethal vascular injury.</p></div>

Mitochondrial Reconstructions Based on Serial Thick Sections and HVEM

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Stereo Imaging ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Mitochondrial Reticulum

Within the past decade it has become apparent that HVEM offers the biologist a means to explore the three-dimensional structure of cells and/or organelles. Stereo-imaging of thick sections (e.g. 0.25-10 μm) not only reveals anatomical features of cellular components, but also reduces errors of interpretation associated with overlap of structures seen in thick sections. Concomitant with stereo-imaging techniques conventional serial Sectioning methods developed with thin sections have been adopted to serial thick sections (≥ 0.25 μm). Three-dimensional reconstructions of the chondriome of several species of trypanosomatid flagellates have been made from tracings of mitochondrial profiles on cellulose acetate sheets. The sheets are flooded with acetone, gluing them together, and the model sawed from the composite and redrawn.The extensive mitochondrial reticulum can be seen in consecutive thick sections of (0.25 μm thick) Crithidia fasciculata (Figs. 1-2). Profiles of the mitochondrion are distinguishable from the anterior apex of the cell (small arrow, Fig. 1) to the posterior pole (small arrow, Fig. 2).

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL-ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE LEAVES STRUCTURE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FAMILY LAURACEAE

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Posochova ◽  
◽  
O. P. Khvorost ◽  
Yu. A. Fedchenkova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family

Variability of Anatomical Features of Leaf Blade in Species of Genus Magnolia L. on the First Ontomorphogenesis Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Oxana A. Futornа ◽  
Vladislava A. Badanina ◽  
Marina N. Gaidarzhy ◽  
Anastasiya V. Golubenko ◽  
Nataliya Yu. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Features

THE STUDY OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE HERB ASTRAGALUS ONOBRYCHIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Pozdnyakovа Т.А. ◽  
◽  
Kuleshovа Е.S. ◽  
Bubenchikov R.A. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Features

RAPID PALATAL EXPANSION AND ITS FEATURES

ASJ. ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (40) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
A.K. Al Dzhafari ◽  
S.A. Ulyanovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Palatal Expansion ◽  
Rapid Palatal Expansion ◽  
Congenital Deformities ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Mid Palatal Suture

Rapid Maxillary expansion or palatal expansion as it is sometimes called, occupies unique niche in dentofacial therapy. Rapid Maxillary expansion (RME) is a skeletal type of expansion that involves the separation of the mid-palatal suture and movement of the maxillary shelves away from each other. RME effects the maxillary complex, palatal vaults, maxillary anterior and posterior teeth, adjacent periodontal structures to bring about an expansion in the maxillary arch. Morphogenesis and anatomical features of the upper jaw determine the choice of the method of rapid palatal expansion with narrowing of the upper dentition, as an effective method for eliminating congenital deformities of the maxillofacial region. The majority of dental transverse measurements changed significantly as a result of RME. The maturity of the maxillofacial structures determines the timing and degree of success of rapid palatal dilatation treatment.

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