scholarly journals Unique inhibitory synapse with particularly rich endocannabinoid signaling machinery on pyramidal neurons in basal amygdaloid nucleus

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (7) ◽  
pp. 3059-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
M. Uchigashima ◽  
M. Yamasaki ◽  
I. Katona ◽  
M. Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus

scholarly journals Morphometric characteristics of Neuropeptide Y immunoreactive neurons of human cortical amygdaloid nucleus

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Milos Malis ◽  
Valentina Nikolic ◽  
Vuk Djulejic ◽  
Dejan Opric ◽  
Lukas Rasulic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Dendritic Arborization ◽  
Amygdaloid Complex ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Moderate Number ◽  
Triangular Shape ◽  
Nonpyramidal Neurons ◽  
Human Brains

Introduction Cortical amygdaloid nucleus belongs to the corticomedial part of the amygdaloid complex. In this nucleus there are neurons that produce neuropetide Y. This peptide has important roles in sleeping, learning, memory, gastrointestinal regulation, anxiety, epilepsy, alcoholism and depression. Material and methods We investigated morphometric characteristics (numbers of primary dendrites, longer and shorter diameters of cell bodies and maximal radius of dendritic arborization) of NPY immunoreactive neurons of human cortical amygdaloid nucleus on 6 male adult human brains, aged 46 to 77 years, by immunohistochemical avidin-biotin technique. Results Our investigation has shown that in this nucleus there is a moderate number of NPY immunoreactive neurons. 67% of found neurons were nonpyramidal, while 33% were pyramidal. Among the nonpyramidal neurons the dominant groups were multipolar neurons (41% - of which 25% were multipolar irregular, and 16% multipolar oval). Among the pyramidal neurons the dominant groups were the neurons with triangular shape of cell body (21%). All found NPY immunoreactive neurons (pyramidal and nonpyramidal altogether) had intervals of values of numbers of primary dendrites 2 to 6, longer diameters of cell bodies 13 to 38 ?m, shorter diameters of cell bodies 9 to 20 ?m and maximal radius of dendritic arborization 50 to 340 ?m. More than a half of investigated neurons (57%) had 3 primary dendrites. Discussion and conclusion The other researchers did not find such percentage of pyramidal immunoreactive neurons in this amygdaloid nucleus. If we compare our results with the results of the ather researchers we can conclude that all pyramidal NPY immunoreactive neurons found in this human amygdaloid nucleus belong to the class I of neurons, and that all nonpyramidal NPY immunoreactive neurons belong to the class II of neurons described by other researchers. We suppose that all found pyramidal neurons were projectional.

scholarly journals Trans-Synaptic Signaling through the Glutamate Receptor Delta-1 Mediates Inhibitory Synapse Formation in Cortical Pyramidal Neurons

Neuron ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1094.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Fossati ◽  
Nora Assendorp ◽  
Olivier Gemin ◽  
Sabrina Colasse ◽  
Florent Dingli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Synaptic Signaling ◽  
Cortical Pyramidal Neurons

scholarly journals ErbB4 promotes inhibitory synapse formation by cell adhesion, independent of its kinase activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Luo ◽  
Ziyang Liu ◽  
Dong Lin ◽  
Wenbing Chen ◽  
Dongyan Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Synapse ◽  
Inhibitory Synapses ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Precise Control

AbstractThe precise control of the nervous system function under the vitality of synapses is extremely critical. Efforts have been taken to explore the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for synapse formation. Cell adhesion molecules have been found important for synapse assembly in the brain. Many trans-adhesion complexes have been identified to modulate excitatory synapse formation. However, little is known about the synaptogenic mechanisms for inhibitory synapses. ErbB4 is a receptor tyrosine kinase enriched in interneurons. Here, we showed that overexpressing ErbB4 in HEK293T cells induced gephyrin or GABAAR α1 puncta in co-cultured primary hippocampal neurons. This induction of ErbB4 was independent of its kinase activity. K751M, a kinase-dead mutant of ErbB4, can also induce gephyrin or GABAAR α1 puncta in the co-culture system. We further constructed K751M knock-in mice and found that the homozygous were viable at birth and fertile without changes in gross brain structure. The number of interneurons and inhibitory synapses onto pyramidal neurons (PyNs) were comparable between K751M and wild-type mice but decreased in ErbB4-Null mice. Moreover, ErbB4 can interact in trans with Slitrk3, a transmembrane postsynaptic protein at inhibitory synapses, through the extracellular RLD domain of ErbB4. The deletion of RLD diminished the induction of gephyrin or GABAAR α1 puncta by ErbB4. Finally, disruption of ErbB4–Slitrk3 interaction through neutralization of Slitrk3 by secretable RLD decreased inhibitory synapses onto PyNs and impaired GABAergic transmission. These results identify that ErbB4, as a cell adhesion molecule, promotes inhibitory synapse formation onto PyNs by interacting with Slitrk3 and in a kinase-independent manner, providing an unexpected mechanism of ErbB4 in inhibitory synapse formation.

Fading of the diaminobenzidine reaction product in the confocal scanning laser microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
JS Deitch ◽  
KL Smith ◽  
JW Swann ◽  
JN Turner
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Laser ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscope ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Staining Protocol ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Neurons labeled with horseradish peroxidase and reacted with diaminobenzidine (DAB) can be imaged using a confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) in the reflection mode. In contrast to fluorescent markers, the DAB reaction product is thought to be stable and can be observed by both light and electron microscopy. We have investigated the sensitivity of the DAB reaction product to laser irradiation, and present the spectrophotometric properties of DAB before and after exposure in the CSLM.Pyramidal neurons in slices of rat hippocampus were injected with biocytin (a biotin-lysine complex), fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde, and vibratome sectioned at 75 μm. Biocytin was detected with avidin-HRP (1:200) in 0.5% Triton X-100, incubated in DAB (0.5 mg/ml) with or without 0.04% nickel ammonium sulfate (Ni), dehydrated, and imaged in a Bio Rad MRC-500 CSLM with an argon ion laser (488 and 514 nm). Spectrophotometric measurements of the soma were made on a Zeiss microspectrophotometer, as a function of laser exposure (100-1000 scans) and staining protocol.

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