Differential expression of olfactory genes in the southern house mosquito and insights into unique odorant receptor gene isoforms

Using of plant essential oil that coevolved as a defense mechanism against agriculture insects is an alternative means of controlling many insect pests. In order to repel brown planthoppers (BPHs), the most notorious rice insect pest, a new film based on guar gum incorporated with citral (GC film) was formulated, which was effective while being environmentally friendly. In this paper, the effect and mechanism of GC film repellency against BPHs were determined. Repellent activity test and olfactory reaction analysis showed that GC film had repellency effect against BPHs, with repellency of 60.00% and 73.93%, respectively. The result of olfactory reaction indicated that GC film repellency against BPHs relied on smell. EPG analysis showed the proportion and mean duration of np waveform were significantly higher than in CK and increased following the treatment concentration, which indicated that GC film affected the recognition of BPHs to rice. Further analysis by RNA sequencing analysis showed a total of 679 genes were significantly upregulated and 284 genes were significantly downregulated in the BPHs fed on the rice sprayed with GC film compared to control. Odorant-binding protein (OBP) gene 797 and gustatory receptor gene (GR)/odorant receptor (OR) gene 13110 showed a significant decrease in differential expression and significant increase in differential expression, respectively. There were 0.66 and 2.55 differential expression multiples between treated BPHs and control, respectively. According to the results described above, we reasoned that GC film repellency against BPHs due to smell, by release of citral, caused the recognition difficulties for BPHs to rice, and OBP gene 797 and GR/OR gene 13110 appeared to be the crucial candidate genes for GC film repellency against BPHs. The present study depicted a clear and consistent repellency effect for GC film against BPHs and preliminarily clarified the mechanism of GC film as a repellent against BPHs, which might offer an alternative approach for control of BPHs in the near future. Our results could also help in the development and improvement of GC films.

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Expansion and accelerated evolution of 9-exon odorant receptors in Polistes paper wasps

Molecular Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/molbev/msab023 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew W Legan ◽

Christopher M Jernigan ◽

Sara E Miller ◽

Matthieu F Fuchs ◽

Michael J Sheehan

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Odorant Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Gene Tree ◽

Gene Family Evolution ◽

Paper Wasp ◽

Gene Copy ◽

Evolutionary Divergence ◽

Wasp Species ◽

Or Gene

Abstract Independent origins of sociality in bees and ants are associated with independent expansions of particular odorant receptor (OR) gene subfamilies. In ants, one clade within the OR gene family, the 9-exon subfamily, has dramatically expanded. These receptors detect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), key social signaling molecules in insects. It is unclear to what extent 9-exon OR subfamily expansion is associated with the independent evolution of sociality across Hymenoptera, warranting studies of taxa with independently derived social behavior. Here we describe odorant receptor gene family evolution in the northern paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus, and compare it to four additional paper wasp species spanning ∼40 million years of evolutionary divergence. We find 200 putatively functional OR genes in P. fuscatus, matching predictions from neuroanatomy, and more than half of these are in the 9-exon subfamily. Most OR gene expansions are tandemly arrayed at orthologous loci in Polistes genomes, and microsynteny analysis shows species-specific gain and loss of 9-exon ORs within tandem arrays. There is evidence of episodic positive diversifying selection shaping ORs in expanded subfamilies. Values of omega (d N/dS) are higher among 9-exon ORs compared to other OR subfamilies. Within the Polistes OR gene tree, branches in the 9-exon OR clade experience relaxed negative (purifying) selection relative to other branches in the tree. Patterns of OR evolution within Polistes are consistent with 9-exon OR function in CHC perception by combinatorial coding, with both natural selection and neutral drift contributing to interspecies differences in gene copy number and sequence.

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Detection of pup odors by non-canonical adult vomeronasal neurons expressing an odorant receptor gene is influenced by sex and parenting status

BMC Biology ◽

10.1186/s12915-016-0234-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Thiago S. Nakahara ◽

Leonardo M. Cardozo ◽

Ximena Ibarra-Soria ◽

Andrew D. Bard ◽

Vinicius M. A. Carvalho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Odorant Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene

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Differential expression and parent-of-origin effect of the5-HT2A receptor gene C102T polymorphism: Analysis of suicidality in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics ◽

10.1002/ajmg.b.30458 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 144B (3) ◽

pp. 370-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Vincenzo De Luca ◽

Olga Likhodi ◽

James L. Kennedy ◽

Albert H.C. Wong

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Parent Of Origin ◽

Origin Effect

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Profiling of Differential Expression of Genes in Mice Carrying Both Mutant Presenilin 1 and Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenes with or without Knockout of Β2 Adrenergic Receptor Gene

Journal of Applied Bioinformatics & Computational Biology ◽

10.4172/2329-9533.1000155 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 07 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Dayong Wang ◽

Yang K Xiang ◽

Lintao Chen ◽

Xi Zhou ◽

Yechun Pei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amyloid Precursor Protein ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Precursor Protein ◽

Presenilin 1 ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Β2 Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Differential Expression Of Genes ◽

Adrenergic Receptor Gene

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The Evolutionary Dynamics of the Odorant Receptor Gene Family in Corbiculate Bees

Genome Biology and Evolution ◽

10.1093/gbe/evx149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2023-2036 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Philipp Brand ◽

Santiago R. Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Evolutionary Dynamics ◽

Odorant Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Corbiculate Bees ◽

Receptor Gene Family

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Transcriptome Surveys in Silverfish Suggest a Multistep Origin of the Insect Odorant Receptor Gene Family

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2019.00281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michael Thoma ◽

Christine Missbach ◽

Melissa D. Jordan ◽

Ewald Grosse-Wilde ◽

Richard D. Newcomb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Odorant Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Receptor Gene Family

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Seminal Plasma Triggers the Differential Expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1/GR) in the Rabbit Reproductive Tract

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2158

Author(s):

Mateo Ruiz-Conca ◽

Jaume Gardela ◽

Amaia Jauregi-Miguel ◽

Cristina A. Martinez ◽

Heriberto Rodríguez-Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Seminal Plasma ◽

Time Course ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Early Embryo ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Relevant Role ◽

Morula Stage ◽

Embryo Transport

Rabbits are interesting as research animal models for reproduction, due to their condition of species of induced ovulation, with the release of endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) due to coitus. Glucocorticoid (GC) signaling, crucial for physiological homeostasis, is mediated through a yet unclear mechanism, by the GC receptor (NR3C1/GR). After mating, the female reproductive tract undergoes dynamic modifications, triggered by gene transcription, a pre-amble for fertilization and pregnancy. This study tested the hypothesis that when ovulation is induced, the expression of NR3C1 is influenced by sperm-free seminal plasma (SP), similarly to after mating (whole semen), along the different segments of the internal reproductive tract of female rabbits. Semen (mating) was compared to vaginal infusion of sperm-free SP (Experiment 1), and changes over time were also evaluated, i.e., 10, 24, 36, 68, and 72 h post-mating, corresponding to specific stages, i.e., ovulation, fertilization, and the interval of early embryo development up to the morula stage (Experiment 2). All does were treated with GnRH to induce ovulation. Samples were retrieved from seven segments of the reproductive tract (from the cervix to infundibulum), at 20 h post-mating or sperm-free SP infusion (Experiment 1) or at 10, 24, 36, 68, and 72 h post-mating (Experiment 2). Gene expression of NR3C1 was analyzed by qPCR. Results showed an increase in NR3C1 expression in the infundibulum compared to the other anatomical regions in the absence of spermatozoa when sperm-free SP infusion was performed (Experiment 1). Moreover, during the embryo transport through the oviduct, the distal isthmus was time-course upregulated, especially at 72 h, when morulae are retained in this anatomical region, while it was downregulated in the distal uterus at 68 h (Experiment 2). The overall results suggest that NR3C1, the GC receptor gene, assessed in the reproductive tract of does for the first time, shows differential expression changes during the interval of oviductal and uterine embryo transport that may imply a relevant role of the GC action, not only close to the site of ovulation and fertilization, but also in the endometrium.

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Bioinformatics Discovery of Putative Enhancers within Mouse Odorant Receptor Gene Clusters

Chemical Senses ◽

10.1093/chemse/bjz043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (9) ◽

pp. 705-720

Author(s):

James E Farber ◽

Robert P Lane

Keyword(s):

Odorant Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Small Subset ◽

Histone 3 ◽

Large Size ◽

Dnase Hypersensitivity ◽

Or Gene ◽

Or Genes ◽

Flanking Regions

Abstract Olfactory neuronal function depends on the expression and proper regulation of odorant receptor (OR) genes. Previous studies have identified 54 putative intergenic enhancers within or flanking 40 mouse OR clusters. At least 2 of these putative enhancers have been shown to regulate the expression of a small subset of proximal OR genes. In recognition of the large size of the mouse OR gene family (~1400 OR genes distributed across multiple chromosomal loci), it is likely that there remain many additional not-as-yet discovered OR enhancers. We utilized 23 of the previously identified enhancers as a training set (TS) and designed an algorithm that combines a broad range of epigenetic criteria (histone-3-lysine-4 monomethylation, histone-3-lysine-79 trimethylation, histone-3-lysine-27 acetylation, and DNase hypersensitivity) and genetic criteria (cross-species sequence conservation and transcription-factor binding site enrichment) to more broadly search OR gene clusters for additional candidates. We identified 181 new candidate enhancers located at 58 (of 68) mouse OR loci, including 25 new candidates identified by stringent search criteria whose signal strengths are not significantly different from the 23 previously characterized OR enhancers used as the TS. Additionally, we compared OR enhancer versus generic enhancer features in order to evaluate likelihoods that new enhancer candidates specifically function in OR regulation. We found that features distinguishing OR-specific function are significantly more evident for enhancer candidates located within OR clusters as compared with those in flanking regions.

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