Global market integration increases likelihood that a future African Green Revolution could increase crop land use and CO2 emissions

Assessing transport CO2 emissions is important in the development of low-carbon strategies, but studies based on mixed land use are rare. This study assessed CO2 emissions from passenger transport in traffic analysis zones (TAZs) at the community level, based on a combination of the mixed-use development model and the vehicle emission calculation model. Based on mixed land use and transport accessibility, the mixed-use development model was adopted to estimate travel demand, including travel modes and distances. As a leading low-carbon city project of international cooperation in China, Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City Core Area was chosen as a case study. The results clearly illustrate travel demand and CO2 emissions of different travel modes between communities and show that car trips account for the vast majority of emissions in all types of travel modes in each community. Spatial emission differences are prominently associated with inadequately mixed land use layouts and unbalanced transport accessibility. The findings demonstrate the significance of the mixed land use and associated job-housing balance in reducing passenger CO2 emissions from passenger transport, especially in per capita emissions. Policy implications are given based on the results to facilitate sophisticated transport emission control at a finer spatial scale. This new framework can be used for assessing the impacts of urban planning on transport emissions to promote sustainable urbanization in developing countries.

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Through the Lens of Recession 2.0: Diversification Dynamics Between the Leading Asian Stock Markets

Vision The Journal of Business Perspective ◽

10.1177/0972262920983958 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097226292098395

Author(s):

Manu K. S. ◽

Surekha Nayak ◽

Rameesha Kalra

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Stock Markets ◽

Market Integration ◽

Developing Economies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Global Market ◽

Stock Market Integration ◽

Developed Economies ◽

Market Participants ◽

Causality Tests

The focus of this article is to analyse the inter-linkages between eight leading stock markets in Asian continent from the period of July 2011 to February 2018. This period holds relevance as this was the time when Recession 2.0 set in, which adversely affected the developed economies; however, the developing economies withstood the crisis without much of an impact. Co-integration and Granger causality tests were conducted to probe the inter-linkages. Study revealed a positive impact on Asian stock market indices collectively on each of the indexes. The highest number of unidirectional causalities was to KOPSI and NIFTY from rest of the stock indices. Results confirmed that no co-integration relationship existed among the selected indices indicating favourable diversification opportunities. Thus, the study fosters global market participants and policymakers to consider the nitty-gritties of stock market integration so as to benefit from international stock market diversification in the Asian region.

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Global Market Integration Reversals and Funding Liquidity

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3033837 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Akbari ◽

Francesca Carrieri ◽

Aytek Malkhozov

Keyword(s):

Market Integration ◽

Global Market ◽

Funding Liquidity

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Climate Finance as a Catalyst for Initiating an African Green Revolution to Enhance Drought Resilience: Policy Prospects and Challenges

Handbook of Climate Change Resilience ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-71025-9_105-1 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Dumisani Chirambo

Keyword(s):

Green Revolution ◽

Climate Finance ◽

Drought Resilience ◽

African Green Revolution

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Reduction of Land-Use Based CO2 Emissions – Feasibility of Paludiculture in Lithuania

Vilnius University Proceedings ◽

10.15388/klimatokaita.2020.33 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Leonas Jarašius ◽

Nerijus Zableckis ◽

Jūratė Sendžikaitė

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Co2 Emissions

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PERSPEKTIF KELEMBAGAAN DIREKTORAT JENDERAL BEA DAN CUKAI (DJBC) DALAM BIDANG PELAYANAN KEMUDAHAN IMPOR TUJUAN EKSPOR (KITE) DI INDONESIA (Institutional Perspective of Directorate General of Customs And Excise in Ease of Import For Export Purposes (KITE), In Indonesia)

Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure ◽

10.30641/dejure.2016.v16.105-118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Djafar Albram

Keyword(s):

Market Integration ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Value Added ◽

Global Market ◽

Import Duty ◽

Value Added Tax ◽

Institutional Perspective ◽

Business Interests ◽

Directorate General ◽

Technology Transformation

The policy of free trading can be observed by promoting the economy competitiveness of a country through global market integration. One of the integrations that is dynamic of service policy in ease of import for export purposes (KITE) of business interests to those who invest in Indonesia which managed by Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) that facility return of import duty (BM), or Customs and value-added tax (PPn) and value-added tax of import duty especially other commodities for export purposes. By facilitating that, it is hoped can improve and increase the trading value of export tax revenues,create jobs and then, it makes technology transformation exchange for development of human resources quality of manufacturing industry which running the business in ease of import for export purposes (KITE), in Indonesia. Keywords: KITE, customs and excise, ABSTRAKAdanya kebijakan Perdagangan bebas dapat dilihat dengan upaya peningkatan daya saing ekonomi suatunegara, melalui integrasi pasar global. Salah satu bentuk integrasi dimaksud yaitu adanya dinamika kebijakan pelayanan Kemudahan Impor Tujuan Ekspor yang dikenal dengan istilah (KITE) bagi kepentingan kelancaran usaha bisnis para Investor yang menanamkan Investasinya di Indonesia yang penangganannya ditangani oleh Institusi Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) yang memberikan kemudahan fasilitas dalam bidang Pengembalian Bea Masuk (BM), atau Cukai serta PPn dan PPn BM terutama bagi komoditas lainnya yang hasil akhirnya adalah tujuan Ekspor. Dengan pemberian fasilitas tersebut, diharapkan terjadinya peningkatan nilai perdagangan dari penerimaan Pajak Ekspor, Membuka usaha lapangan kerja dan pada gilirannya akan terjadi alih transformasi tehnologi bagi kepentingan peningkatan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia pekerja Industri Manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang usaha KITE di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: KITE menciptakan Iklim Usaha Kondusif.

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The research of Born Global Firms’ transnational strategy

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021403023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 03023

Author(s):

Li Chong

Keyword(s):

Market Integration ◽

Global Market ◽

Global Strategy ◽

International Strategy ◽

Social Responsiveness ◽

Born Global ◽

Global Business ◽

Transnational Strategy ◽

Multinational Strategy ◽

Born Global Firms

With the development of global business, Born Global Firms are always sinking into various pressures which are related to economic factors, social factors and informational factors. This situation making Born Global Firms’ strategies is supposed to achieve those requirements that including global market integration, social responsiveness, worldwide learning. There are four important strategies which are widely used in Born Global Firms internationalization process that including multinational strategy, global strategy, international strategy, and transnational strategy. This essay will introduce pursuing transnational strategy and some difficulties existing in this process. Furthermore, an example of an entrepreneurial subsidiary will be chosen to explore and conduct further research.

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Forms and Dynamics of Soil Potassium in Acid Soil in the Wolaita Zone of Southern Ethiopia

10.20944/preprints202105.0287.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Kassa ◽

Wassie Haile ◽

fassile kebede

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Ammonium Acetate ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Exchangeable Potassium ◽

Management Options ◽

Grazing Land ◽

Soil Potassium ◽

Crop Land ◽

Land Use Types

Quantity-intensity characteristics are among conventional approaches for studying potassium dynamics and its availability; this was assessed to determine availability in four districts: namely, Sodo Zuria, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Boloso Sore at three different land use type viz., enset-coffee, crop land, and grazing land. There was water soluble, ammonium acetate, nitric acid extractable potassium, exchangeable potassium, and non-exchangeable potassium studied in soil samples, which were collected from 0-20 cm depth of each land type. The study revealed that water soluble and ammonium acetate extractable potassium concentrations ranged from 0.04 to 0.42 cmolKg-1 soils enset-coffee and grazing land use types, respectively. The study showed that exchangeable potassium constituted the highest proportion of available potassium, while the proportion of water soluble potassium was found to be the lowest. In this study, non-exchangeable potassium concentrations varied from 0.10 to 0.04cmolKg-1soils for enset-coffee, and crop and grazing land use type. Furthermore, available potassium and exchangeable potassium concentrations were positively correlated with OC(r=0.95***), cation exchange capacity, and sand and clay(r=0.98***). In addition, the K dynamics as impacted by land use types found that the highest change in exchangeable potassium (0.31cmolkg-1soils) and potential buffering capacity (1.79cmolkg-1soils) were noted in crop land use types, whereas the lowest change(1.26cmolkg-1 soils) was observed in the enset-coffee system, The varying properties, potassium status, dynamic and land use type of soils identified in the study areas provided adequate information to design soil potassium management options and further research about the soil in each site. Therefore, application of site specific soil fertility management practices and research can improve soil potassium status and quantity intensity parameters to sustain crop productive soils.

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Greenhouse gas balances of managed peatlands in the Nordic countries – present knowledge and gaps

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-7-2711-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 2711-2738 ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

M. Maljanen ◽

B. D. Sigurdsson ◽

J. Guðmundsson ◽

H. Óskarsson ◽

J. T. Huttunen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Perennial Grass ◽

Present Knowledge ◽

Nordic Countries ◽

Organic Soils ◽

Peat Extraction ◽

Gas Fluxes ◽

The Mean

Abstract. This article provides an overview of the effects of land-use on the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and from peatlands in the Nordic countries based on the field data from about 100 studies. In addition, this review aims to identify the gaps in the present knowledge on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balances associated with the land-use of these northern ecosystems. Northern peatlands have accumulated, as peat, a vast amount of carbon from the atmosphere since the last glaciation. However, the past land-use and present climate have evidently changed their GHG balance. Unmanaged boreal peatlands may act as net sources or sinks for CO2 and CH4 depending on the weather conditions. Drainage for agriculture has turned peatlands to significant sources of GHGs (mainly N2O and CO2). Annual mean GHG balances including net CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions are 2260, 2280 and 3140 g CO2 eq. m−2 (calculated using 100 year time horizon) for areas drained for grass swards, cereals or those left fallow, respectively. Even after cessetion of the cultivation practices, N2O and CO2 emissions remain high. The mean net GHG emissions in abandoned and afforested agricultural peatlands have been 1580 and 500 g CO2 eq. m−2, respectively. Peat extraction sites are net sources of GHGs with an average emission rate of 770 g CO2 eq. m−2. Cultivation of a perennial grass (e.g., reed canary grass) on an abandoned peat extraction site has been shown to convert such a site into a net sink of GHGs (−330 g CO2 eq. m−2). In contrast, despite restoration, such sites are known to emit GHGs (mean source of 480 g CO2 eq. m−2, mostly from high CH4 emissions). Peatland forests, originally drained for forestry, may act as net sinks (mean −780 g CO2 eq. m−2). However, the studies where all three GHGs have been measured at an ecosystem level in the forested peatlands are lacking. The data for restored peatland forests (clear cut and rewetted) indicate that such sites are on average a net sink (190 g CO2 eq. m−2). The mean emissions from drained peatlands presented here do not include emissions from ditches which form a part of the drainage network and can contribute significantly to the total GHG budget. Peat soils submerged under water reservoirs have acted as sources of CO2, CH4 and N2O (mean annual emission 240 g CO2 eq. m−2). However, we cannot yet predict accurately the overall greenhouse gas fluxes of organic soils based on the site characteristics and land-use practices alone because the data on many land-use options and our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling associated with the gas fluxes are limited.

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