Enterprise Innovation, Executive Experience and Internationalization Strategy: Evidence From High-Carbon Industrial Enterprises Versus Low-Carbon Industrial Enterprises in China

Industrial enterprises are the core subjects to reduce carbon emissions. Their innovations for low-carbon production are the key to determine the effect of carbon emission reduction. This paper examines the impact of executive experience, especially the overseas experience, on enterprise innovations across 3559 enterprises in low-carbon, medium-carbon and high-carbon industries respectively. Interestingly, it shows that the executive experience has only played a significant role in enterprise innovations of high-carbon industrial enterprises, indicating that the executive’s international vision might help to promote innovation in high-carbon industry. Then, it’s also discovered that there is a mediating effect of international strategy which helps to better understand the impact mechanism of executive experience on enterprise innovation in high-carbon industry.

Netflix's Strategy to Dominate the World's Entertainment Media Market After the Death of Blockbuster

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are non-state actors who have a significant role in international relations. Globalization has facilitated the development of MNCs as well as the transformation of media. It impacts the presence of multinational entertainment media companies operating with the SVOD (Subscription video-on-demand) system like Netflix and Blockbuster. Netflix chooses Indonesia as one of its potential markets. However, Netflix has to face new competitors and resolve several obstacles and regulations from other companies and governments in Indonesia. This research aims to find out and analyze the strategy of Netflix is dominating the Entertainment Media market in Indonesia with the concept of MNC, international strategy, and competitive advantages. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods where the data collection came from secondary data such as books, academic literature, and news portals. In data analysis, the researcher reviews and draw an explanation regarding the phenomenon. The strategies and efforts made by Netflix can make Netflix become the number one choice for the SVOD platform in the Indonesian market based on the supremacy that Netflix has, especially in providing original content. By developing its strategy, Netflix can continue to internationalize its product services in the Indonesian market.

Exploring Structural Relationships in Attracting and Retaining International Students in STEM for the Sustainable Development of Higher Education

Attracting and retaining international students has been widely discussed in higher education settings. Increasing the number of international students has become an indispensable strategy for national and global competition. This study focuses on effective strategies and international students' issues regarding satisfaction in the most popular STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) programs. We designed a structural equation modeling (SEM) method to determine the effect of institutional mediation between push factors and satisfaction factors for the development of better strategies by which to attract and retain international students. Taking Taiwan as an example, this study employed a self-designed questionnaire to collect data: 485 degree-seeking international students in STEM programs were invited and successfully participated in this study during spring 2021. IBM SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 (Analysis of Moment Structure) were used to carry out the data analysis. We employed reliability, factor, and SEM analyses. This study assumed that the impact of push factors can be modified by institutional situations and result in international students’ satisfaction with their learning and environment and regarding migration policy. The results revealed that the predictors, mediation, and criteria were significant at the 0.05 or 0.01 levels. The findings suggest that push factors impact international students’ satisfaction when using institutional leadership and international strategy. The results of the bootstrap with a generalized least square method showed that the SEM model fit in 2000 bootstrap samples. The effect of institutional mediation can provide useful information for STEM programs to boost their future recruitment and retention strategies. This study provides an innovative approach to the detection of issues among international students in specific programs. These findings can enrich our knowledge regarding attracting and retaining global students in higher education settings.

THE STRATEGY OF NETFLIX TO DOMINATE THE ENTERTAINMENT MEDIA MARKET IN INDONESIA 2016-2021

Multinational corporations (MNCs) are non-state actors who have a significant role in international relations. Globalization has facilitated the development of MNCs as well as the transformation of media. It impacts the presence of multinational entertainment media companies operating with the SVOD (Subscription video-on-demand) system like Netflix. Netflix chooses Indonesia as one of its potential markets. However, Netflix has to face new competitors and resolve several obstacles and regulations from other companies and governments in Indonesia. This research aims to find out and analyze the strategy of Netflix is dominating the Entertainment Media market in Indonesia with the concept of MNC, international strategy, and competitive advantages. This research used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods where the data collection came from secondary data such as books, academic literature, and news portals. In data analysis, the researcher reviewing and draw an explanation regarding the phenomenon. The strategies and efforts made by Netflix can make Netflix become the number one choice for the SVOD platform in the Indonesian market based on the supremacy that Netflix has, especially in providing original content. By developing its strategy, Netflix can continue to internationalize its product services in the Indonesian market. Keywords: Netflix, Strategy, Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD), Indonesia, Multinational Corporations (MNC)

Soft Power and the 2022 World Cup in Qatar

A growing body of literature recognizes the significance of soft power in Qatar's foreign policy. There is, however, limited research on the long-term impact that occurs from the over-dependency on the soft power. The popular rhetoric in most literature expresses that Qatar uses its soft power, often in the form of sports diplomacy, to meet its foreign policy objectives. The review paper attempts to identify to what extent the 2022 World Cup can be understood from the soft power perspective, and the role it plays in Qatar's foreign policy formulation and implementation, as well as the significance of soft power in comprehending Qatar's mega investments in the sporting sector. The first section elaborates into sport diplomacy functions and its origins. The second section elaborates on Qatar's involvement with International Sports. The third and arguably the most important section deals with soft power and sports diplomacy. The paper offers an up-to-date review of current studies about Qatar's international strategy for sport, whether for investment and diversification of state revenues or political and policy diplomacy motifs.

Indigenous data in effective humanitarian responses

In the international humanitarian landscape, crisis interventions are deployed based on a long-standing working culture that presupposes that local authorities are usually overwhelmed during a crisis and unable to mobilise local capacity. Thus, external human resource mobilisation is necessary. However, this may only be true in various instances, such as natural disasters, where rapid response is needed to extinguish further harm to human life. In most cases, there are no mechanisms to make prior assessments that can inform decision-makers about the kind of international assistance needed in the local context. This is because existing data for the availability of resources is produced mainly by international aid agencies and their governing political institutions. This database of knowledge, which leans heavily on a post-colonial Anglocentric viewpoint about ‘best practices’, is used as the baseline to assess the ability of potential partners to mobilise their resources, while failing to include the capacity of local agents to determine what capacity exists in a particular context, what they are already capable of delivering and how best to support their response system (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [UNISDR] 2008). However, as access to digital communication devices and other globally useful technology in resource-constrained rural settings continues to emerge, this may soon change. This paper explores the ways in which Indigenous and local knowledge should contribute to the exploration of intelligent and sustainable solutions that are well-suited within the local context to mitigate and understand humanitarian crises before, during and after they occur, and how to curate, analyse and use local data and knowledge systems to create innovations that are sustainable and adaptive to the priorities of the local population.

Exploratory and Exploitative Internationalization: Effects of Social Capital Antecedents and Fit Moderators of Innovation Consequence

Implementing international strategy is essential to enhance corporate innovation and achieve sustainable development. Existing research has theoretically illustrated the concept and importance of carrying out both exploratory and exploitative internationalization, yet our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of both activities remains unclear. Based on the data of Chinese international manufacturing firms, this paper examines the differential effects of business, government and knowledge network capital on exploratory and exploitative internationalization, and probes into how organizational, strategic, and environmental factors moderate the innovation effectiveness of exploratory and exploitative internationalization. Results indicate that business network capital has the same positive impact on exploratory and exploitative internationalization; government network capital influences the implementation of exploratory internationalization, whereas knowledge network capital influences the execution of exploitative internationalization. Furthermore, our findings reveal that, to maximize innovation performance, pursuing exploratory internationalization is more beneficial for firms with older age, firms entering into countries with low host–home country similarity, and operating in a more dynamic international environment. By contrast, pursuing exploitative internationalization is more effective for younger firms, firms entering into countries with high host–home country similarity, and in more stable international environment. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Project of Counteracting Catastrophic Developments at Nature-Man-Made Objects in Russia

The problem-oriented project to counteract the development of catastrophes (henceforth the CDC Project) was set up as a particular response to two factors:Since the late 1970s, a rapidly advancing worldwide pandemic of technological accidents (catastrophes), highly costly in terms of their consequences, has been emerging (see the data in the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) [1] of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR).There are no alternatives to the innovative evolution of Russia, with the key role played by systemic technologies [1].At this point, the problem-oriented groundwork has been laid in Russia for many years, including operational prototypes of catastrophe protection systems. The large-scale and fundamental works completed so far within the CDC Project attest to the perception of the critical demand for it. The Project is based on a systemic approach and a new technology of the problem-oriented innovative professional instrumentarium of research on nature-man-made objects (NMMOs). To date, the design of the CDC Project has been practically completed. Moreover, the Project has passed several tiers of critical review analysis at higher authorities, with relevant positive opinions offered in every case. Under the circumstances (just before further rollout of works under the CDC Project), a decision was made to advise appropriate publication of a series of thematically related articles on academic and technological issues, this paper being the first of them.

Engagement as an emerging value on the television channel Al Jazeera. Comparative analysis of AJA and AJE (2016-2020)

The main objective is the comparative analysis of the engagement strategies in the AlJazeera channels in Arabic and English. Methodological triangulation is used through bibliographic review, content analysis, 45 in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. The policies carried out with two important points are studied in 2016 with the conformation of the engagement strategy and in 2018 with the restructuring of the television teams. Engagement is no longer just a marketing strategy to turn the audience into a fundamental actor in content production. Platformization and the search for a comprehensive and international strategy emerge as challenges for the coming years

The Nicaraguan Revolution's Challenge to the Monroe Doctrine: Sandinistas and Western Europe, 1979–1990

This article analyzes the revolutionary diplomacy of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) through the prism of Nicaraguan and Western European relations during the final decade of the Cold War. It contends that —despite the FSLN's ideological affiliation with Third World national liberation movements, Cuba, and the socialist bloc—the campaign to influence Western European foreign policies was central to the Sandinista government's international strategy. By pushing Western European governments to play a prominent role in Central America's violent Cold War conflicts, the Sandinistas sought to undermine US power in the isthmus and alter the inter-American dynamics that shaped their region's history up to the late 1970s. Furthermore, by building financial ties with Western European countries, the FSLN could avoid complete financial dependency on the Soviet bloc and strengthen Nicaragua's image as a nonaligned state. The Sandinistas’ campaign to challenge US hegemony in Central America through a pragmatic outreach to Western Europe was largely successful, but it came at the cost of implementing domestic reforms that ran counter to their own ambitions. Ultimately, this prompted the FSLN to hold elections in 1990, which resulted in their removal from power.