land use type
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bizic ◽  
D. Ionescu ◽  
R. Karnatak ◽  
C. L. Musseau ◽  
G. Onandia ◽  
...  

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3387-3396
Author(s):  
Diriba Megersa Soboka ◽  
Fantaw Yimer

This study was conducted to estimate carbon stock enhancement and climate change mitigation potential of restoration effort in Rebu Watershed, Woliso Woreda, Ethiopia. Two restored lands of thirteen years old were randomly selected from two kebeles. Biomass and soil data were collected systematically from nested plots. Mensuration of woody species, soil, and grass/litter samples was collected from the subplots of the nested plots. A total of 72 composite soil samples were collected. The results showed the positive impact of restoration activity on enhancing biomass and soil organic carbon stocks. The restored land ecosystem had shown higher carbon stock of (138.51 ± 27.34 t/ha) than the adjacent unrestored land ecosystem (101.43 ± 21.25 t/ha), which confirmed the potential of restoration in enhancing the carbon stock and mitigating climate change. Hence, the restored land use type has been stored about 8.37 t/ha of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in biomasses. The restored land use type has mitigated climate change (absorb CO2) by 7.7 times than the adjacent unrestored land use type in this study. The significant values in restored land use types were due to the enhanced vegetation and land cover, which contributed to the biomass and soil organic carbon accumulation. Moreover, the lower values in unrestored land use type were due to the continuous degradation and disturbance from livestock and human beings. Therefore, the result of this study showed that protecting the degraded lands from any disturbance could enhance the carbon stocks of the ecosystem and mitigate the carbon emission rate.


2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012053
Author(s):  
N M Asmael ◽  
G F Turky

Abstract Parking demand rates are one of the essential keys to urban city planning around the world. Most cities produced the most suitable parking rates, and models relied on their local conditions, regulations, and people’s habits. In Iraq, there is a lack of parking studies, and therefore, there is a lot of missing information which if be found, will be very valuable for better enhancing and managing the transportation network system. Institutional land use or Government Ministries are the land use type in which this research tries to find its parking generation rates. The goal is to produce models and rates for parking generation by using certain independent variables according to the characteristics of the land-use type. The research study area is the urban areas outside Baghdad CBD. Several sites were selected located in different parts of Baghdad. The number of study sites is three. The collected data about sites are the total number of site employees, site gross floor area, and maximum parked vehicles at each site for an Am and Pm period. Each site has a clear parking lot; besides, the sites were selected relied on particular criteria. The field survey was done at each site for defining days and times. The final stage is a data analysis and producing parking generation rates and models to determine the required parking demand for this land-use type. Statistical analysis of data, model generation, was done by the computer program (SPSS). It concluded that the institutional land use produced 0.94 spaces per 100 m2 of GFA and 0.1 spaces per employee.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Heechul Kim ◽  
Sungjo Hong

Since urban areas with high air pollution are known to have higher mortality rates compared to areas with less air pollution, accurately understanding and predicting the distribution of particulate matter (PM) in cities is important for urban planning policies that seek to emphasize the health of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between PM and land use in metropolitan cities in South Korea using the land-use regression model. We use daily data from the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in seven cities in South Korea for the year 2018. For analysis, K-means clustering is employed to identify the land-use pattern surrounding the AQMSs and two log-lin regression models are used to investigate the effects of each land-use type on PM. The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, thus verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy. Moreover, microclimatic, seasonal, and regional factors affect PM concentration and variability. Finally, to minimize exposure to PM, various policies such as mixed land use need to be established and implemented differently, depending on the season and time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebo Su ◽  
Bowen Cui ◽  
Yunjian Luo ◽  
Jia Wang ◽  
Xuming Wang ◽  
...  

An increasing number of studies have focused on the response and adaptation of plants to urbanization by comparing differences in leaf functional traits between urban and rural sites. However, considerable uncertainties remain because differences in land-use type have not frequently been taken into account when assessing the effect of urbanization on leaf traits. In this study, we sampled the needles of Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.) in areas with three land-use types (roadsides, parks, and neighborhoods) along an urban–rural gradient in Beijing, China to determine the effect of urbanization on leaf functional traits. There were significant differences in the values of leaf functional traits between the needles of the current and previous year and across land-use types. Pines growing on roadsides had leaves with smaller length, width, and area, as well as lower stomatal density, compared with those growing in parks and neighborhoods. This implies that on roadsides, plant capacity to acquire resources (e.g., light and carbon dioxide) was degraded. Stomatal density, leaf width, and leaf P concentration increased with increasing distance from the city center, while leaf K concentration decreased with increasing distance from the city center. Importantly, there were significant differences in the urban–rural gradient of leaf functional traits between leaves of different ages, and across land-use types. Leaf age was the most important factor influencing leaf nutrient traits, while land-use type was the most important factor influencing leaf morphological traits in urban environments. Thus, considering the effects of the plant characteristic and land-use type on traits is important for assessing the urban–rural gradients of plant functional traits.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13219
Author(s):  
Xuesong Feng ◽  
Zhibin Tao ◽  
Xuejun Niu ◽  
Zejing Ruan

Taking into consideration the overlapped influences of multiple rail transit stations upon land use characteristics, this study newly develops a multi-objective land use allocation optimization model to decide the land use type and intensity of every undeveloped land block of an urban area. The new model is solved by successively utilizing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution to obtain the least biased Pareto-optimal land development scheme. The study area is an urban region around two metro stations in Beijing of China. The influencing scopes of these two stations are overlapped in part, and many of the land blocks in the study area are not yet developed. It is shown that the newly developed land use allocation optimization model is able to rationally achieve multi-objectives in coordination to the most extents for the sustainable urban development in view of the integrated effect of multiple rail transit stations.


2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Jinxin Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Xiufang Zhang ◽  
Hua Yu ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
...  

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2392
Author(s):  
Yuanzheng Zhai ◽  
Xinyi Cao ◽  
Xuelian Xia ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yanguo Teng ◽  
...  

Groundwater is an essential source of drinking and irrigation water. However, elevated Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater have been found in recent decades, which can adversely affect human health and decrease crop quality and yields. The roles of hydrogeochemical changes and groundwater pollution (exogenous reductive material inputs) in this have not been studied adequately. We determined the distribution of Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater in the Songnen Plain, northeast China, which is known for elevated Fe and Mn concentrations, and investigated the factors and mechanisms involved in causing the elevated concentrations. Chemical and statistical analyses indicated that the Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater significantly correlated with climate parameters (precipitation and temperature), surface features (altitude, distance from a river, soil type, soil texture, and land use type) and hydrogeochemical characteristics (chemical oxygen demand and NH4+, NO3−, and P concentrations). In particular, the Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater are higher in areas containing paddy fields and water bodies than other land use type areas. Areas with groundwater containing ultra-high Fe and Mn concentrations have almost all of the favorable factors. The main reasons for the elevated Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater in the study area are the Fe/Mn mineral-rich strata and soil with abundant organic matter acting as sources of Fe and Mn to the groundwater and the reductive environment in the lower terrain and areas containing water bodies favoring Fe and Mn dissolution in the groundwater. Inputs of pollutants from agricultural activities have caused the Fe and Mn concentrations in groundwater to increase. Future studies should be performed to study interactions between pollutants from agricultural activities and Fe and Mn in groundwater and develop environmental management strategies for preventing future increases in Fe and Mn concentrations and promoting sustainable development of agriculture.


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