scholarly journals Role of humoral immunity against hepatitis B virus core antigen in the pathogenesis of acute liver failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (48) ◽  
pp. E11369-E11378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaochun Chen ◽  
Giacomo Diaz ◽  
Teresa Pollicino ◽  
Huaying Zhao ◽  
Ronald E. Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Liver Failure ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated acute liver failure (ALF) is a dramatic clinical syndrome leading to death or liver transplantation in 80% of cases. Due to the extremely rapid clinical course, the difficulties in obtaining liver specimens, and the lack of an animal model, the pathogenesis of ALF remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive genetic and functional characterization of the virus and the host in liver tissue from HBV-associated ALF and compared the results with those of classic acute hepatitis B in chimpanzees. In contrast with acute hepatitis B, HBV strains detected in ALF livers displayed highly mutated HBV core antigen (HBcAg), associated with increased HBcAg expression ex vivo, which was independent of viral replication levels. Combined gene and miRNA expression profiling revealed a dominant B cell disease signature, with extensive intrahepatic production of IgM and IgG in germline configuration exclusively targeting HBcAg with subnanomolar affinities, and complement deposition. Thus, HBV ALF appears to be an anomalous T cell-independent, HBV core-driven B cell disease, which results from the rare and unfortunate encounter between a host with an unusual B cell response and an infecting virus with a highly mutated core antigen.

scholarly journals Improved Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen by a New Rapid Automated Assay

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 2639-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Weber ◽  
Anja Bayer ◽  
Peter Kirch ◽  
Volker Schlüter ◽  
Dietmar Schlieper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B ◽  
Screening Assays ◽  
Hbsag Screening

The performance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) screening assays is continuously improved in order to reduce the residual risk of transfusion-associated hepatitis B. In a multicenter study, a new automated rapid screening assay, Elecsys HBsAg (Roche Diagnostics), was compared to well-established tests (Auszyme Monoclonal [overnight incubation] version B and IMx HBsAg [Abbott]). Included in the evaluation were 23 seroconversion panels; sera from the acute and chronic phases of infection; dilution series of various HBsAg standards, HBV subtypes, and S gene mutants; and isolated anti-HBV core antigen-positive samples. To challenge the specificity of the new assay, sera from HBsAg-negative blood donors, pregnant women, and dialysis and hospitalized patients and potentially cross-reactive samples were investigated. Elecsys HBsAg showed a higher sensitivity for HBsAg subtypes ad, ay, adw2, adw4, ayw1, ayw2, ayw4, and adr detection in dilution series of different standards or sera than Auszyme Monoclonal version B and/or IMx HBsAg. Acute hepatitis B was detected in 11 to 16 of 23 seroconversion panels between 2 and 16 days earlier with Elecsys HBsAg than with the alternative assays. Elecsys HBsAg and Auszyme Monoclonal version B detected HBsAg surface mutants with equal sensitivity. The sensitivity and specificity of Elecsys HBsAg were 100%. Auszyme Monoclonal version B had a 99.9% specificity, and its sensitivity was 96.6%. IMx HBsAg showed a poorer sensitivity and specificity than the other assays. In conclusion, Elecsys HBsAg permits earlier detection of acute hepatitis B and different HBV subtypes than the alternative assays. By using highly sensitive HBsAg screening assays, low-level HBsAg carriers among isolated anti-HBV core antigen-positive individuals can be detected.

scholarly journals Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Induced by Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riyadh Ali Mohammed ◽  
Wisam Ghadban ◽  
Osama Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

During the course of acute viral hepatitis, some functional and anatomical changes to the gallbladder can occur. Acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC) is a rare complication of acute hepatitis B virus infection; only few cases are reported as ACC associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection. ACC cases are self-limiting, while other limited cases can progress to a gangrenous state, perforation, and even death. We present a 27-year-old female case diagnosed to have acute acalculous cholecystitis and associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection, and she recovered within one week of her presentation without complication or surgical intervention.

Can subacute thyroiditis be associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection?

2012 ◽  
Vol 124 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 348-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Tas ◽  
Yavuz Beyazit ◽  
Sehmuz Olmez ◽  
Hacer Celik ◽  
Selma Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Superinfection: an Underrecognized Trigger of Acute Hepatitis B Virus Flare

Cureus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adham E Obeidat ◽  
Gabriel Monti ◽  
Wichit Sae-Ow ◽  
Hiroko Shinoda ◽  
Herbert Lim
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Acute Hepatitis B Co-infection in HIV-Infected Patients Despite Prior Hepatitis B Vaccination

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rolland ◽  
L. Antonova ◽  
J. Powis ◽  
T. Murdoch ◽  
D. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute Hepatitis B

Clinicians often assume that patients vaccinated for hepatitis B virus (HBV) have immunity. We report three cases of acute HBV infection in HBV-vaccinated HIV patients. These cases illustrate that patients at an elevated risk of HBV exposure presenting with acute hepatitis should be tested for HBV infection regardless of previous vaccination status.

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