scholarly journals Swi5–Sfr1 stimulates Rad51 recombinase filament assembly by modulating Rad51 dissociation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (43) ◽  
pp. E10059-E10068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hao Lu ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yeh ◽  
Guan-Chin Su ◽  
Kentaro Ito ◽  
Yumiko Kurokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Nucleus Formation ◽  
Stable Nucleus ◽  
Filament Assembly ◽  
Nucleation Size

Eukaryotic Rad51 protein is essential for homologous-recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Rad51 recombinases first assemble onto single-stranded DNA to form a nucleoprotein filament, required for function in homology pairing and strand exchange. This filament assembly is the first regulation step in homologous recombination. Rad51 nucleation is kinetically slow, and several accessory factors have been identified to regulate this step. Swi5–Sfr1 (S5S1) stimulates Rad51-mediated homologous recombination by stabilizing Rad51 nucleoprotein filaments, but the mechanism of stabilization is unclear. We used single-molecule tethered particle motion experiments to show that mouse S5S1 (mS5S1) efficiently stimulates mouse RAD51 (mRAD51) nucleus formation and inhibits mRAD51 dissociation from filaments. We also used single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments to show that mS5S1 promotes stable nucleus formation by specifically preventing mRAD51 dissociation. This leads to a reduction of nucleation size from three mRAD51 to two mRAD51 molecules in the presence of mS5S1. Compared with mRAD51, fission yeast Rad51 (SpRad51) exhibits fast nucleation but quickly dissociates from the filament. SpS5S1 specifically reduces SpRad51 disassembly to maintain a stable filament. These results clearly demonstrate the conserved function of S5S1 by primarily stabilizing Rad51 on DNA, allowing both the formation of the stable nucleus and the maintenance of filament length.

Single-molecule views on homologous recombination

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Candelli ◽  
Mauro Modesti ◽  
Erwin J. G. Peterman ◽  
Gijs J. L. Wuite
Keyword(s):  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Genetic Instability ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Rad51

AbstractAll organisms need homologous recombination (HR) to repair DNA double-strand breaks. Defects in recombination are linked to genetic instability and to elevated risks in developing cancers. The central catalyst of HR is a nucleoprotein filament, consisting of recombinase proteins (human RAD51 or bacterial RecA) bound around single-stranded DNA. Over the last two decades, single-molecule techniques have provided substantial new insights into the dynamics of homologous recombination. Here, we survey important recent developments in this field of research and provide an outlook on future developments.

scholarly journals LRET-derived HADDOCK structural models describe the conformational heterogeneity required for processivity of the Mre11-Rad50 DNA damage repair complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marella D Canny ◽  
Michael Latham
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
Globular Structure ◽  
Saxs Data ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Docking Program

The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 protein complex is one of the first responders to DNA double strand breaks. Studies have shown that the catalytic activities of the evolutionarily conserved Mre11-Rad50 (MR) core complex depend on an ATP-dependent global conformational change that takes the macromolecule from an open, extended structure in the absence of ATP to a closed, globular structure when ATP is bound. We have previously identified an additional 'partially open' conformation using Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (LRET) experiments. Here, a combination of LRET and the molecular docking program HADDOCK was used to further investigate this partially open state and identify three conformations of ATP-bound MR in solution: closed, partially open, and open, which are in addition to the extended, apo conformation. These models are supported with mutagenesis and SAXS data that corroborate the presence of these three states and suggest a mechanism for the processivity of the MR complex along the DNA.

Structural dynamics of P-type ATPase ion pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dyla ◽  
Sara Basse Hansen ◽  
Poul Nissen ◽  
Magnus Kjaergaard
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
P Type

Abstract P-type ATPases transport ions across biological membranes against concentration gradients and are essential for all cells. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to propel large intramolecular movements, which drive vectorial transport of ions. Tight coordination of the motions of the pump is required to couple the two spatially distant processes of ion binding and ATP hydrolysis. Here, we review our current understanding of the structural dynamics of P-type ATPases, focusing primarily on Ca2+ pumps. We integrate different types of information that report on structural dynamics, primarily time-resolved fluorescence experiments including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, and interpret them in the framework provided by the numerous crystal structures of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. We discuss the challenges in characterizing the dynamics of membrane pumps, and the likely impact of new technologies on the field.

Monitoring the Structural Dynamics of U2 snRNA Via Single-Molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Carl DeHaven
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
U2 Snrna ◽  
Folding Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

This thesis contains four topic areas: a review of single-molecule microscropy methods and splicing, conformational dynamics of stem II of the U2 snRNA, the impact of post-transcriptional modifications on U2 snRNA folding dynamics, and preliminary findings on Mango aptamer folding dynamics.

Towards Single-Molecule Diagnostics Using Microfluidic Manipulation and Quantum Dot Nanosensors

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Chih Yeh ◽  
Christopher M. Puleo ◽  
Yi-Ping Ho ◽  
Tza-Huei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Single Molecule Detection ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Low Volume

In this report, we review several single-molecule detection (SMD) methods and newly developed nanocrystal-mediated single-fluorophore strategies for ultrasensitive and specific analysis of genomic sequences. These include techniques, such as quantum dot (QD)-mediated fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technology and dual-color fluorescence coincidence and colocalization analysis, which allow separation-free detection of low-abundance DNA sequences and mutational analysis of oncogenes. Microfluidic approaches developed for use with single-molecule detection to achieve rapid, low-volume, and quantitative analysis of nucleic acids, such as electrokinetic manipulation of single molecules and confinement of sub-nanoliter samples using microfluidic networks integrated with valves, are also discussed.

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