scholarly journals Label-free optical detection of bioelectric potentials using electrochromic thin films

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (29) ◽  
pp. 17260-17268
Author(s):  
Felix S. Alfonso ◽  
Yuecheng Zhou ◽  
Erica Liu ◽  
Allister F. McGuire ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Spontaneous Action Potentials

Understanding how a network of interconnected neurons receives, stores, and processes information in the human brain is one of the outstanding scientific challenges of our time. The ability to reliably detect neuroelectric activities is essential to addressing this challenge. Optical recording using voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes has provided unprecedented flexibility for choosing regions of interest in recording neuronal activities. However, when recording at a high frame rate such as 500 to 1,000 Hz, fluorescence-based voltage sensors often suffer from photobleaching and phototoxicity, which limit the recording duration. Here, we report an approach called electrochromic optical recording (ECORE) that achieves label-free optical recording of spontaneous neuroelectrical activities. ECORE utilizes the electrochromism of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) thin films, whose optical absorption can be modulated by an applied voltage. Being based on optical reflection instead of fluorescence, ECORE offers the flexibility of an optical probe without suffering from photobleaching or phototoxicity. Using ECORE, we optically recorded spontaneous action potentials in cardiomyocytes, cultured hippocampal and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and brain slices. With minimal perturbation to cells, ECORE allows long-term optical recording over multiple days.

scholarly journals Label-free optical detection of bioelectric potentials using electrochromic thin films

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix S. Alfonso ◽  
Yuecheng Zhou ◽  
Erica Liu ◽  
Allister F. McGuire ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Spontaneous Action Potentials

AbstractUnderstanding how a network of interconnected neurons receives, stores, and processes information in the human brain is one of the outstanding scientific challenges of our time. The ability to reliably detect neuroelectric activities is essential to addressing this challenge. Optical recording using voltage-sensitive fluorescent probes has provided unprecedented flexibility for choosing regions of interest in recording neuronal activities. However, when recording at a high frame rate such as 500-1000 Hz, fluorescence-based voltage sensors often suffer from photobleaching and phototoxicity, which limit the recording duration. Here, we report a new approach, Electro-Chromic Optical REcording (ECORE), that achieves label-free optical recording of spontaneous neuroelectrical activities. ECORE utilizes the electrochromism of PEDOT:PSS thin films, whose optical absorption can be modulated by an applied voltage. Being based on optical reflection instead of fluorescence, ECORE offers the flexibility of an optical probe without suffering from photobleaching or phototoxicity. Using ECORE, we optically recorded spontaneous action potentials in cardiomyocytes, cultured hippocampal and dorsal root ganglion neurons, and brain slices. With minimal perturbation to cells, ECORE allows long-term optical recording over multiple days.

scholarly journals Electro-plasmonic nanoantenna: A nonfluorescent optical probe for ultrasensitive label-free detection of electrophysiological signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. eaav9786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsan Habib ◽  
Xiangchao Zhu ◽  
Uryan I. Can ◽  
Maverick L. McLanahan ◽  
Pinar Zorlutuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Photon Count ◽  
Label Free Detection ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals

Harnessing the unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution capability of light to detect electrophysiological signals has been the goal of scientists for nearly 50 years. Yet, progress toward that goal remains elusive due to lack of electro-optic translators that can efficiently convert electrical activity to high photon count optical signals. Here, we introduce an ultrasensitive and extremely bright nanoscale electric-field probe overcoming the low photon count limitations of existing optical field reporters. Our electro-plasmonic nanoantennas with drastically enhanced cross sections (~104 nm2 compared to typical values of ~10−2 nm2 for voltage-sensitive fluorescence dyes and ~1 nm2 for quantum dots) offer reliable detection of local electric-field dynamics with remarkably high sensitivities and signal–to–shot noise ratios (~60 to 220) from diffraction-limited spots. In our electro-optics experiments, we demonstrate high-temporal resolution electric-field measurements at kilohertz frequencies and achieved label-free optical recording of network-level electrogenic activity of cardiomyocyte cells with low-intensity light (11 mW/mm2).

scholarly journals Activity and Ca2+ regulate the mobility of TRPV1 channels in the plasma membrane of sensory neurons

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric N Senning ◽  
Sharona E Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Channel Activation ◽  
Trpv1 Channels ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ca2 Channels

TRPV1 channels are gated by a variety of thermal, chemical, and mechanical stimuli. We used optical recording of Ca2+ influx through TRPV1 to measure activity and mobility of single TRPV1 molecules in isolated dorsal root ganglion neurons and cell lines. The opening of single TRPV1 channels produced sparklets, representing localized regions of elevated Ca2+. Unlike sparklets reported for L-type Ca2+ channels, TRPV4 channels, and AchR channels, TRPV1 channels diffused laterally in the plasma membrane as they gated. Mobility was highly variable from channel-to-channel and, to a smaller extent, from cell to cell. Most surprisingly, we found that mobility decreased upon channel activation by capsaicin, but only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. We propose that decreased mobility of open TRPV1 could act as a diffusion trap to concentrate channels in cell regions with high activity.

scholarly journals Functional pacemaking area in the early embryonic chick heart assessed by simultaneous multiple-site optical recording of spontaneous action potentials.

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kamino ◽  
H Komuro ◽  
T Sakai ◽  
A Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Multiple Site ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Chick Heart ◽  
Embryonic Chick Heart ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Spontaneous Action Potentials

Pacemaking areas in the early embryonic chick hearts were quantitatively assessed using simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings of spontaneous action potentials. The measuring system with a 10- X 10- or a 12 X 12-element photodiode array had a spatial resolution of 15-30 microns. Spontaneous action potential-related optical signals were recorded simultaneously from multiple contiguous regions in the area in which the pacemaker site was located in seven- to nine-somite embryonic hearts stained with a voltage-sensitive merocyanine-rhodanine dye (NK 2761). In the seven- to early eight-somite embryonic hearts, the location of the pacemaking area is not uniquely determined, and as development proceeds to the nine-somite stage, the pacemaking area becomes confined to the left pre-atrial tissue. Analysis of the simultaneous multiple-site optical recordings showed that the pacemaking area was basically circular in shape in the later eight- to nine-somite embryonic hearts. An elliptical shape also was observed at the seven- to early eight-somite stages of development. The size of the pacemaking area was estimated to be approximately 1,200-3,000 micron2. We suggest that the pacemaking area is composed of approximately 60-150 cells, and that the pacemaking area remains at a relatively constant size throughout the seven- to nine-somite stages. It is thus proposed that a population of pacemaking cells, rather than a single cell, serves as a rhythm generator in the embryonic chick heart.

scholarly journals Detection of the Spontaneous Action Potentials of HEK 293 Cells by Prussian Blue thin Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 147a
Author(s):  
Felix Alfonso ◽  
Allister McGuire ◽  
Thomas Li ◽  
Francesca Santoro ◽  
Luke Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Hek 293 Cells ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Spontaneous Action Potentials

scholarly journals Electrophysiological and transcriptomic correlates of neuropathic pain in human dorsal root ganglion neurons

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Y North ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Pradipta Ray ◽  
Laurence D Rhines ◽  
Claudio Esteves Tatsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Spontaneous Action ◽  
Gene Modules ◽  
Patch Clamp Electrophysiology ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Abstract Neuropathic pain encompasses a diverse array of clinical entities affecting 7–10% of the population, which is challenging to adequately treat. Several promising therapeutics derived from molecular discoveries in animal models of neuropathic pain have failed to translate following unsuccessful clinical trials suggesting the possibility of important cellular-level and molecular differences between animals and humans. Establishing the extent of potential differences between laboratory animals and humans, through direct study of human tissues and/or cells, is likely important in facilitating translation of preclinical discoveries to meaningful treatments. Patch-clamp electrophysiology and RNA-sequencing was performed on dorsal root ganglia taken from patients with variable presence of radicular/neuropathic pain. Findings establish that spontaneous action potential generation in dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with radicular/neuropathic pain and radiographic nerve root compression. Transcriptome analysis suggests presence of sex-specific differences and reveals gene modules and signalling pathways in immune response and neuronal plasticity related to radicular/neuropathic pain that may suggest therapeutic avenues and that has the potential to predict neuropathic pain in future cohorts.

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