scholarly journals Genome analyses reveal the hybrid origin of the staple crop white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (50) ◽  
pp. 31987-31992
Author(s):  
Yu Sugihara ◽  
Kwabena Darkwa ◽  
Hiroki Yaegashi ◽  
Satoshi Natsume ◽  
Motoki Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Staple Crop ◽  
Guinea Yam

White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important staple tuber crop in West Africa. However, its origin remains unclear. In this study, we resequenced 336 accessions of white Guinea yam and compared them with the sequences of wild Dioscorea species using an improved reference genome sequence of D. rotundata. In contrast to a previous study suggesting that D. rotundata originated from a subgroup of Dioscorea praehensilis, our results suggest a hybrid origin of white Guinea yam from crosses between the wild rainforest species D. praehensilis and the savannah-adapted species Dioscorea abyssinica. We identified a greater genomic contribution from D. abyssinica in the sex chromosome of Guinea yam and extensive introgression around the SWEETIE gene. Our findings point to a complex domestication scenario for Guinea yam and highlight the importance of wild species as gene donors for improving this crop through molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Genome analyses reveal the hybrid origin of the staple food crop white Guinea yam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Sugihara ◽  
Kwabena Darkwa ◽  
Hiroki Yaegashi ◽  
Satoshi Natsume ◽  
Motoki Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Guinea Yam

AbstractWhite Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important staple tuber crop of West Africa. However, its origin remains unclear. In this study, we re-sequenced 336 accessions of white Guinea yam and compared them with the sequences of the wild Dioscorea species using an improved reference genome sequence of D. rotundata. Our results suggest a hybrid origin of white Guinea yam from crosses between the rainforest wild species D. praehensilis and the savannah-adapted D. abyssinica. We identified a higher genomic contribution from D. abyssinica in the sex chromosome of Guinea yam and an extensive introgression around the SWEETIE gene. Our findings point to a complex domestication scenario for Guinea yam and highlight the importance of wild species as gene donors for improvement of this crop through molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Paternity Assignment in White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea Rotundata) Half-Sib Progenies from Polycross Mating Design Using SNP Markers

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince E. Norman ◽  
Agre A. Paterne ◽  
Agyemang Danquah ◽  
Pangirayi B. Tongoona ◽  
Eric Y. Danquah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Mating Design ◽  
Foreign Pollen ◽  
Paternal Identity ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Guinea Yam

White Guinea yam is mostly a dioecious outcrossing crop with male and female flowers produced on distinct plants. Fertile parents produce high fruit set in an open pollination polycross block, which is a cost-effective and convenient way of generating variability in yam breeding. However, the pollen parent of progeny from polycross mating is usually unknown. This study aimed to determine paternity in white Guinea yam half-sib progenies from polycross mating design. A total of 394 half-sib progenies from random open pollination involving nine female and three male parents was genotyped with 6602 SNP markers from DArTSeq platform to recover full pedigree. A higher proportion of expected heterozygosity, allelic richness, and evenness were observed in the half-sib progenies. A complete pedigree was established for all progenies from two families (TDr1685 and TDr1688) with 100% accuracy, while in the remaining families, paternity was assigned successfully only for 56 to 98% of the progenies. Our results indicated unequal paternal contribution under natural open pollination in yam, suggesting unequal pollen migrations or gene flow among the crossing parents. A total of 3.8% of progenies lacking paternal identity due to foreign pollen contamination outside the polycross block was observed. This study established the efficient determination of parental reconstruction and allelic contributions in the white Guinea yam half-sib progenies generated from open pollination polycross using SNP markers. Findings are useful for parental reconstruction, accurate dissection of the genetic effects, and selection in white Guinea yam breeding program utilizing polycross mating design.

scholarly journals Environmental and economic impacts of pesticide treatment in the Yam Minisett Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-676
Author(s):  
Stephen Morse
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Excess Production ◽  
White Yam ◽  
Tuber Crop

AbstractWhite yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important tuber crop in a number of countries, but especially in West Africa where it serves as a food staple as well as a cash crop as excess production is sold in local markets. But the availability of quality planting material, most notably seed yams, for yam production remains an important constraint for farmers. Techniques have been developed to help address this limitation by cutting yam tubers into pieces (minisetts), treating them with the pesticide either via a seed dressing dust or pesticide ‘dips’ and planting to grow seed yams of the required size and quality. But while there have been many studies on the agronomy and adoption by farmers of these techniques, there have been fewer studies on their economic performance. Indeed, to date there have been no studies that compare the economic performance of treating setts compared to leaving them untreated, and neither has there been any analysis of the environmental impact of treating setts. This paper reports the results of a study designed to address these two gaps in knowledge and is based upon results from a series of farmer-managed seed yam plots established in the middle belt of Nigeria over 4 years (2013–2016). Results suggest that revenue and gross margin were higher for treated versus untreated setts although the latter still performed relatively well. Using the Field Use Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ), the commonly recommended pesticide sett treatments were estimated to have a low-to-moderate environmental impact, and further research is needed to see how far pesticide use can be reduced to still be effective and minimise any environmental impact.

scholarly journals Simple sequence repeat‐based mini‐core collection for white Guinea yam ( Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) germplasm

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babil Pachakkil ◽  
Shinsuke Yamanaka ◽  
Gezahegn Girma ◽  
Ryo Matsumoto ◽  
Muluneh Tamiru‐Oli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Guinea Yam ◽  
Simple Sequence

scholarly journals The influence of minisett size and time of planting on the yield of seed yam (Dioscorea Rotundata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Author(s):  
Beatrice Aighewi ◽  
Norbert Maroya ◽  
Djana Mignouna ◽  
Daniel Aihebhoria ◽  
Morufat Balogun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Tuber Crop ◽  
Equivalent Area

AbstractIn traditional yam (Dioscorea spp.) production systems in West Africa, finding sole seed yam producers is rare and up to 30% of harvested tubers from the ware tuber crop is reserved to plant an equivalent area of the harvested crop during the next season. Many farmers typically must make a trade-off between food and seed in the use of available tubers. A study was carried out using a factorial experiment in a randomised complete block design to investigate the influence of planting different minisett sizes at different planting periods on the yield of seed yam with the aim of improving the availability of this expensive input and saving more ware tubers for food or sale. Results showed that by doubling or tripling the minisett size from 30 to 60 or 90  g, yields of seed yam increased by 61.1 and 103.3%, respectively. The 90 g minisetts had the highest values for all traits studied but had the least sett multiplication ratio. The early planted crop yielded 137% more than the late-planted crop. Significant interactions between minisett size, planting period and season were found. In 2016, although the highest yield of seed tubers was from early planted 90  g minisetts (35.6 t ha−1), the yield of early planted 30 g minisetts (23.8 t ha−1) was similar to those of 60 g planted mid-season (28.7 t ha−1) and 90 g planted late (20.0 t ha−1). To produce a high proportion of seed size tubers with less planting material, early planting of 30  g minisetts is recommended. Such practice will enhance seed tuber availability and food security by saving 1–2 t ha−1 of tubers that would have been used as seed instead of food.

Effect of photoperiod on the development of inflorescences in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

10.1002/ts.6 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Shiwachi ◽  
T Ayankanmi ◽  
R Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Guinea Yam

Biogeography of the Anthropocene

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Taste Preferences ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Genome Analyses

The past and present impacts of humans on the biosphere have altered many ecological and evolutionary processes. One of the most dramatic set of examples comes from domestication, which has transformed species, landscapes, and socioeconomic systems over the last 30 millennia. Recent research driven by advances in molecular biology and information sciences, and enriched by whole genome analyses of the main plant and animal domesticates, is now able to elucidate obscure phylogenetic relationships complicated by past hybridization and chromosome rearrangements. These methods also reveal information on the historical events that converted wild species into useful, and in some cases, codependent taxa. A further set of human-domesticate interactions produces the great diversification behind the origin and maintenance of numerous crop landraces, fruit and vegetable variants, and animal breeds. Fashion, taste preferences, and familial dynamics are some of the additional factors involved beyond usefulness that collectively result in human-caused artificial selection. Domestication is an important dimension to consider in understanding the biogeographical implications of the Anthropocene.

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