PROGRESSES ON THE NATURE AND BIOTIC STRESS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third largest crop in terms of consumption by human, most important tuber crop in the world and a vital plant for global food security. Instead, potato breeding is slow compared to other crops. Transforming potato into a diploid F1 hybrid crop is a hopeful method to increase potato genetic gain. Studies on breeding and genetics of potato has big potential to solve many problems exist in potato. Another potential area for these studies are diseases which are seriously targeting this crop worlwide started from Irish potato famine which effected whole Europe continent. Here in this review, some of latest significant problems and approaches related to potato production are given below.

Morphological characteristics of Madiun 1, the First Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) released cultivar in Indonesia

Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuber crop native to the tropics that belongs to the Araceae family. Porang is a potential tuber crops that has been known in Indonesia for a long time, but the value of its product has not been widely disclosed. The planting area covers over 45,000 ha with East Java as the main production areaMadiun-East Java has a long and the oldest history of porang cultivation in Indonesia and has great potential for porang development. Characterized and officially released its local cultivar as an official released cultivar would protect the local germplasm and can be used as a basis for character improvement. Porang Madiun 1 cultivar has morphological characteristics of compound leaf type, dark green-green leaf color. The color of the leaf edges is pink, but as the age of the plant increases, the leaf edges turn white. Porang leaf surface smooth-wavy, hairless. The edges of porang leaves are smooth- wavy, depend on sunlight intensity. Stem shape was round, stem color was green with white spots and longitudinal lines, The pattern of spots on the stems has a sparse density, with the color of the stems varying depending on the age of the plant. Shape of bulbil was irregular round with various size. Average corm weight of Madiun 1 was 0.1 kg for first year porang plant, 0.4 kg for second year porang plant, and 1.6 kg for third year it became 1.6 kg with the average number of bulbils 1.8, 4.9, and 16.7, respectively

Undercooked bitter yam poisoning in three siblings and the public health implications: A case report

Bitter yam is eaten by the three major tribes in Nigeria, often as a special delicacy. The Ekiti people of Western Nigeria even consume it as a staple diet. It is also used by the locals for medicinal purposes. This tuber crop can however be toxic if consumed in the unprocessed state. Patients with bitter yam toxicity can present with neurologic manifestations such as convulsions and coma; digestive system problems such as vomiting; or allergic reactions such as itching. We present the cases of three siblings with bitter yam toxicity brought to our facility with age-and-dose-related symptoms after ingestion of undercooked bitter yam.

Major Root and Tuber Crops Production in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Increasing production and productivity of agriculture in general and root and tuber crops in particular require a strong linkage between the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. The growing in agriculture sector does not occur without non-agricultural sectors. The major root and tuber crops production and productivity in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia is very low in relation to the land coverage under the crops, due to poor and under recommended rate of improved agricultural technology utilization and low skill of management and related practices by the producers. To solve these root and tuber related problems and increase the production and productivity of the crops, strong and result based farmers training centers and interlinked research extension system are important and strongly interconnected . This study was conducted in five districts of South Omo Zone namely Debub Ari from agricultural based, Malle and Bena-Tsemay from agro-pastoral, Hammer, and Dasenech from pastoral. The districts are selected purposively based on root and tuber crop production potential. The result shows that the area coverage, production and productivity of the major root and tuber crops decreases from time to time and their diseases and pests increases thoroughly. Farmers in the study area should use disease resistance varieties and the production inputs at a recommended rate and time. The major root and tuber crops that are grown in the study area are sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), taro (Colocasia esculenta), and enset (Ensete ventricosum).

A Review Article on Pharmacologic Evaluation, Botanical report and Calming uses of Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. and Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn.

The present-day investigation focuses on the Pharmacologic revision of the climbers of D. bulbifera L &. D. pentaphylla L. (Dioscoreaceae). Climbers have been deliberate from diverse angles of morphological and, residue scrutiny, and extractive standards. Morphological analysis discovered nature, dimensions, aroma and flavour of tubers. The genus Dioscorea have its place to the family Dioscoreaceae, universally recognized as yam, consist of nearly 600 sps. Scattered all over the earth realm, but customarily in steamy section. Most sps. encompass steroid saponins and correspondingly sapogenins, such as diosgenin, which is preparatory quantifiable for blend of various steroidal hormones castoff as anti-inflammatory, androgenic estrogenic and contraceptive drugs. Associates of the genre Dioscorea are one of ancient tuber crop cultured or garnered from uninhabited in steamy constituency all over earth realm and set up one of the key food element for various indigenous groups. Genus is reflected to be amid the most primeval angiosperms and was recognized to occur and broaden the horizons nearly 75 M. Yrs. past in segments of southern celestial-sphere at the termination of the cretaceous period

Metabolome Profiling of Eight Chinese Yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) Varieties Reveals Metabolite Diversity and Variety Specific Uses

The Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) is an underutilized orphan tuber crop. However, in China it has been used in traditional medicine and food for centuries due to the presence of high starch, protein, fiber, and biologically active compounds. Knowledge on the metabolomic profiles of Chinese yam varieties is needed to explore the underutilized metabolites and variety specific uses. Here, the metabolome of eight Chinese yam varieties that are cultivated in different Chinese regions was profiled. A total of 431 metabolites belonging to different biochemical classes was detected. The majority of detected metabolites were classified as amino acids and derivatives. The different yam varieties offer unique uses; e.g., Hebei Ma Yam, Henan Huai Yam, and Henan Wild Yam were the most metabolically enriched and suitable as food and medicine. Yams from Hubei region had comparable nutritional profiles, which is most probably due to their geographical origin. Specifically, Henan Wild Yam had the highest concentrations of diosgenin, vitamins, and polysaccharides. Overall, this study presents a metabolome reference for D. polystachya varieties.

Current Status of Yam (Dioscorea Sp) Genetic Resources-Case Study of Selected Locations in South-West Nigeria

Yam is an important tuber crop in Nigeria. Some locations in South west Nigeria (Oyo State, Ondo State, Osun State, and Ogun State) were surveyed to find out the existence and the abundance of diversity of white guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata). It was discovered that there are also diversity in other species of landrace yams (Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea dumentorum). One unidentified species of yam was found in Ondo State. This species also exist in Osun State. Some of the yam diversities are endangered. Genetic erosion of these yam diversities is imminent because of the decline of the traditional farmers growing these diversities; also because of modern commercial farms that tend to mono-cropping of improved variety and also because of problem of storage of yams and especially ex-situ conservation of yam genetic resources of yam in Nigeria.