Recent increases in tropical cyclone precipitation extremes over the US east coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (41) ◽  
pp. e2105636118
Author(s):  
Justin T. Maxwell ◽  
Joshua C. Bregy ◽  
Scott M. Robeson ◽  
Paul A. Knapp ◽  
Peter T. Soulé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Translation Speed ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
The Us ◽  
Inland Flooding ◽  
North And South ◽  
Us East Coast

The impacts of inland flooding caused by tropical cyclones (TCs), including loss of life, infrastructure disruption, and alteration of natural landscapes, have increased over recent decades. While these impacts are well documented, changes in TC precipitation extremes—the proximate cause of such inland flooding—have been more difficult to detect. Here, we present a latewood tree-ring–based record of seasonal (June 1 through October 15) TC precipitation sums (ΣTCP) from the region in North America that receives the most ΣTCP: coastal North and South Carolina. Our 319-y-long ΣTCP reconstruction reveals that ΣTCP extremes (≥0.95 quantile) have increased by 2 to 4 mm/decade since 1700 CE, with most of the increase occurring in the last 60 y. Consistent with the hypothesis that TCs are moving slower under anthropogenic climate change, we show that seasonal ΣTCP along the US East Coast are positively related to seasonal average TC duration and TC translation speed.

scholarly journals A latitudinal gradient in thermal transgenerational plasticity and a test of theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan B. Munch ◽  
Who Seung Lee ◽  
Matthew Walsh ◽  
Thomas Hurst ◽  
Ben A. Wasserman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Cyprinodon Variegatus ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Us East Coast ◽  
Do So

Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) occurs when phenotypes are shaped by the environment in both the current and preceding generations. Transgenerational responses to rainfall, CO 2 and temperature suggest that TGP may play an important role in how species cope with climate change. However, little is known about how TGP will evolve as climate change continues. Here, we provide a quantitative test of the hypothesis that the predictability of the environment influences the magnitude of the transgenerational response. To do so, we take advantage of the latitudinal decrease in the predictability of temperatures in near shore waters along the US East Coast. Using sheepshead minnows ( Cyprinodon variegatus ) from South Carolina, Maryland, and Connecticut, we found the first evidence for a latitudinal gradient in thermal TGP. Moreover, the degree of TGP in these populations depends linearly on the decorrelation time for temperature, providing support for the hypothesis that thermal predictability drives the evolution of these traits.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING METEO-TSUNAMI OCCURRENCES FOR THE US EAST COAST

2018 ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
India Woodruff ◽  
James Kirby ◽  
Fengyan Shi ◽  
Stephan Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Translation Speed ◽  
Ocean Surface Waves ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us East Coast

Meteorological tsunamis, also called meteo-tsunamis, are significant ocean surface waves generated by atmospheric forcing. The waves typically result from energy transfer from atmosphere to ocean through the Proudman resonance phenomena, where translation speed of the storm system in the atmosphere coincides with the free wave speed of long surface waves. These tsunami-like waves can be hazardous, either through direct inundation of shorelines or through generation of harbor oscillations and other disruptions to maritime activities. The wide continental shelf bathymetry of the United States (US) East Coast provides a long potential fetch length for the resonant generation process, making the region particularly susceptible to meteo-tsunamis. In this study, we carry out a probabilistic analysis of potential meteo-tsunami hazard on the US East Coast, extending the earlier work of Geist et al. (2014) to include a wider range of storm conditions and additional response types including coastally-trapped edge waves. The work, carried out under the auspices of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP), extends the previous efforts of Geist et al. to include a representation of inundation and maritime hazards in at-risk areas. The work is conducted using the fully nonlinear Boussinesq wave model FUNWAVE-TVD (Shi et al., 2012), extended to include atmospheric pressure and wind forcing.

scholarly journals Relationships among the springtime ground–level NOx, O3 and NO3 in the vicinity of highways in the US East Coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Song ◽  
Jin Young Shin ◽  
Rafael Jusino‐Atresino ◽  
Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us East Coast

scholarly journals A coastal hazards data base for the US East Coast

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Gornitz ◽  
T.W. White ◽  
R.C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us East Coast

Modeling coastal tsunami hazard from submarine mass failures: effect of slide rheology, experimental validation, and case studies off the US East Coast

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphan T. Grilli ◽  
Mike Shelby ◽  
Olivier Kimmoun ◽  
Guillaume Dupont ◽  
Dmitry Nicolsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us East Coast

scholarly journals Predicting ocean waves along the US east coast during energetic winter storms: sensitivity to whitecapping parameterizations

Ocean Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nabi Allahdadi ◽  
Ruoying He ◽  
Vincent S. Neary
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Ocean Waves ◽  
Source Terms ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Winter Storms ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wind Input ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Us East Coast

Abstract. The performance of two methods for quantifying whitecapping dissipation incorporated in the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model is evaluated for waves generated along and off the US east coast under energetic winter storms with a predominantly westerly wind. Parameterizing the whitecapping effect can be done using the Komen-type schemes, which are based on mean spectral parameters, or the saturation-based (SB) approach of van der Westhuysen (2007), which is based on local wave parameters and the saturation level concept of the wave spectrum (we use “Komen” and “Westhuysen” to denote these two approaches). Observations of wave parameters and frequency spectra at four National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoys are used to evaluate simulation results. Model–data comparisons show that when using the default parameters in SWAN, both Komen and Westhuysen methods underestimate wave height. Simulations of mean wave period using the Komen method agree with observations, but those using the Westhuysen method are substantially lower. Examination of source terms shows that the Westhuysen method underestimates the total energy transferred into the wave action equations, especially in the lower frequency bands that contain higher spectral energy. Several causes for this underestimation are identified. The primary reason is the difference between the wave growth conditions along the east coast during winter storms and the conditions used for the original whitecapping formula calibration. In addition, some deficiencies in simulation results are caused along the coast by the “slanting fetch” effect that adds low-frequency components to the 2-D wave spectra. These components cannot be simulated partly or entirely by available source terms (wind input, whitecapping, and quadruplet) in models and their interaction. Further, the effect of boundary layer instability that is not considered in the Komen and Westhuysen whitecapping wind input formulas may cause additional underestimation.

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