scholarly journals Molecular control of gene expression byBrucellaBaaR, an IclR-type transcriptional repressor

2018 ◽  
Vol 293 (19) ◽  
pp. 7437-7456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Herrou ◽  
Daniel M. Czyż ◽  
Aretha Fiebig ◽  
Jonathan W. Willett ◽  
Youngchang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Repressor ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Control

scholarly journals A digital 3D reference atlas reveals cellular growth patterns shaping the Arabidopsis ovule

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athul Vijayan ◽  
Rachele Tofanelli ◽  
Soeren Strauss ◽  
Lorenzo Cerrone ◽  
Adrian Wolny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Fluorescent Reporter ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Specific Analysis

AbstractA fundamental question in biology is how morphogenesis integrates the multitude of distinct processes that act at different scales, ranging from the molecular control of gene expression to cellular coordination in a tissue. Investigating morphogenesis of complex organs strongly benefits from three-dimensional representations of the organ under study. Here, we present a digital analysis of ovule development from Arabidopsis thaliana as a paradigm for a complex morphogenetic process. Using machine-learning-based image analysis we generated a three-dimensional atlas of ovule development with cellular resolution. It allows quantitative stage- and tissue-specific analysis of cellular patterns. Exploiting a fluorescent reporter enabled precise spatial determination of gene expression patterns, revealing subepidermal expression of WUSCHEL. Underlying the power of our approach, we found that primordium outgrowth progresses evenly, discovered a novel mode of forming a new cell layer, and detected a new function of INNER NO OUTER in restricting cell proliferation in the nucellus. Moreover, we identified two distinct subepidermal cell populations that make crucial contributions to ovule curvature. Our work demonstrates the expedience of a three-dimensional digital representation when studying the morphogenesis of an organ of complex cellular architecture and shape that eventually consists of 1,900 cells.

scholarly journals A digital 3D reference atlas reveals cellular growth patterns shaping the Arabidopsis ovule

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athul Vijayan ◽  
Rachele Tofanelli ◽  
Sören Strauss ◽  
Lorenzo Cerrone ◽  
Adrian Wolny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Nucellar Cell ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Spatio Temporal

A fundamental question in biology is how morphogenesis integrates the multitude of processes that act at different scales, ranging from the molecular control of gene expression to cellular coordination in a tissue. Using machine-learning-based digital image analysis, we generated a three-dimensional atlas of ovule development in Arabidopsis thaliana, enabling the quantitative spatio-temporal analysis of cellular and gene expression patterns with cell and tissue resolution. We discovered novel morphological manifestations of ovule polarity, a new mode of cell layer formation, and previously unrecognized subepidermal cell populations that initiate ovule curvature. The data suggest an irregular cellular build-up of WUSCHEL expression in the primordium and new functions for INNER NO OUTER in restricting nucellar cell proliferation and the organization of the interior chalaza. Our work demonstrates the analytical power of a three-dimensional digital representation when studying the morphogenesis of an organ of complex architecture that eventually consists of 1900 cells.

scholarly journals Molecular control of gene expression byBrucellaBaaR, an IclR-family repressor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Herrou ◽  
Daniel M. Czyż ◽  
Aretha Fiebig ◽  
Jonathan W. Willett ◽  
Youngchang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Aminocaproic Acid ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Major Facilitator

AbstractTheBrucella abortusgeneral stress response sigma factor, σE1, directly and indirectly regulates the transcription of dozens of genes that influence stress survival and host infection. Characterizing the functions of σE1regulated genes therefore contributes to understanding ofB. abortusphysiology and infection biology. Transcription of the IclR family regulator, Bab2_0215, is indirectly activated by σE1but its function remains undefined. We present a structural and functional characterization of Bab2_0215, which we have namedBrucellaadipic acid activated regulator (BaaR). BaaR adopts a classic IclR-family fold and directly regulates the transcription of two operons with predicted roles in carboxylic acid oxidation. BaaR binds two sites on chromosome II between baaR and a divergently transcribed hydratase/dehydrogenase (acaD2), and represses transcription. We identified three carboxylic acids (adipic acid tetradecanedioic acid, ε-aminocaproic acid) and a lactone (ε-caprolactone) that enhance transcription from thebaaRandacaD2promoters. However, neither the activating acids nor caprolactone enhance transcription by binding directly to BaaR. Induction ofbaaRtranscription by adipic acid requires the genebab2_0213, which encodes a major facilitator superfamily transporter, suggesting that Bab2_0213 transports adipic acid across the inner membrane. We conclude that a set of structurally related organic molecules activate transcription of genes repressed by BaaR. Our study provides molecular-level understanding of a gene expression program regulated downstream of σE1.

A Review on Important Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Enzymes as Targets for Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghanbari ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh ◽  
Kiyanoush Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Increase Gene Expression

At the present time, cancer is one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. There are various factors involved in the development of cancer, including genetic factors, lifestyle, nutrition, and so on. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic factors have a critical role in the initiation and development of tumors. The histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and other PTMs are important mechanisms that regulate the status of chromatin structure and this regulation leads to the control of gene expression. The histone acetylation is conducted by histone acetyltransferase enzymes (HATs), which are involved in transferring an acetyl group to conserved lysine amino acids of histones and consequently increase gene expression. On the basis of similarity in catalytic domains of HATs, these enzymes are divided into different groups such as families of GNAT, MYST, P300/CBP, SRC/P160, and so on. These enzymes have effective roles in apoptosis, signaling pathways, metastasis, cell cycle, DNA repair and other related mechanisms deregulated in cancer. Abnormal activation of HATs leads to uncontrolled amplification of cells and incidence of malignancy signs. This indicates that HAT might be an important target for effective cancer treatments, and hence there would be a need for further studies and designing of therapeutic drugs on this basis. In this study, we have reviewed the important roles of HATs in different human malignancies.

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