Friedrich Schlegel and the Development of Comparative Linguistics in the 19th Century

1977 ◽  
pp. xi ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Timpanaro ◽  
J. Peter Maher
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Friedrich Schlegel ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Linguistic Thought of Friedrich August Wolf: A reconsideration of the relationship between classical philology and linguistics in the 19th century

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Dag T. Haug
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Philosophical Grammar

This paper examines the linguistic thought of Friedrich August Wolf (1759–1824), the founder of modern classical philology, and tries to show that contrary to what is commonly assumed, grammar played an important role in his research program for a ‘science of antiquity’. Specifically, Wolf encouraged the study of philosophical grammar, which was the leading linguistic paradigm in Germany around 1800, and he developed an original theory of tense within this methodological framework. But philosophical grammar would appear obsolete soon after the establishment of historical-comparative linguistics and this, it is argued, is an important reason for the enmities in the first half of the 19th century between Indo-Europeanists and the Classical scholars who stayed within the old linguistic paradigm.

The linguistic thought of Friedrich August Wolf

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Haug
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Original Theory ◽  
Classical Philology ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Philosophical Grammar

Summary This paper examines the linguistic thought of Friedrich August Wolf (1759–1824), the founder of modern classical philology, and tries to show that contrary to what is commonly assumed, grammar played an important role in his research program for a ‘science of antiquity’. Specifically, Wolf encouraged the study of philosophical grammar, which was the leading linguistic paradigm in Germany around 1800, and he developed an original theory of tense within this methodological framework. But philosophical grammar would appear obsolete soon after the establishment of historical-comparative linguistics and this, it is argued, is an important reason for the enmities in the first half of the 19th century between Indo-Europeanists and the Classical scholars who stayed within the old linguistic paradigm.

19th-century linguistics

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-185
Author(s):  
Lodewijk van Driel
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Prescriptive Grammar ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Summary In this paper an attempt has been made to draw a picture of linguistics in the Netherlands during the 19th century. The aim of this survey is to make clear that the influence of German linguistics on Dutch works of the period is characteristic of the development of Dutch linguistics in that century. Emphasis has been placed on the period 1800–1870; three traditions are distinguished: First of all there is the tradition of prescriptive grammar and language instruction. Next attention is drawn to the tradition of historical-comparative linguistics. Finally, by about the middle of the century, the linguistic views of German representatives of general grammar become prominent in Dutch school grammars. Successively we point to the reception by the schoolmasters of K. F. Becker’s (1775–1849) work; then Taco Roorda (1801–1874) is discussed, and the relationship between L. A. te Winkel (1809–1868) and H. Steinthal (1823–1899) is presented. In conjunction with Roorda’s work on Javanese the analysis of the so-called exotic languages is mentioned, an aspect of Dutch linguistics in the 19th century closely connected with the Dutch East Indies. It is obvious that the German theme is one of the most conspicuous common elements in 19th-century Dutch linguistics, as Dutch intellectuals in many respects took German culture as a model.

scholarly journals Gender and the history of religion. New approaches and recent studies

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Saurer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Friedrich Schlegel ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Conversion Narratives ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Religious Conversions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

The article consists of two parts. In the first it gives an insight into the historiography concerning gender and religion primarily in Austria and Germany since the 19th century for the last twenty years about. Researches on religious women’s movements are discussed exemplarily as well as the debate on the ‘feminization of religion’, which had an great impact on studies on religion in the last years. The second part of the text discusses religious conversions as an example for interreligious (gender) relationships taking into account the longlasting ban on interreligious marriages. The example concerns the conversion of the romantic Dorothea Schlegel, of her husband Friedrich Schlegel and her two sons of the first marriage (Philipp and Johannes (Jonas) Veit) and analyses the conversion narratives of her writings.

Georg von der Gabelentz

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McElvenny
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Wilhelm Von Humboldt ◽  
University Of Berlin ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century

The German sinologist and general linguist Georg von der Gabelentz (1840–1893) occupies an interesting place at the intersection of several streams of linguistic scholarship at the end of the 19th century. As Professor of East Asian languages at the University of Leipzig from 1878 to 1889 and then Professor for Sinology and General Linguistics at the University of Berlin from 1889 until his death, Gabelentz was present at some of the main centers of linguistics at the time. He was, however, generally critical of mainstream historical-comparative linguistics as propagated by the neogrammarians, and instead emphasized approaches to language inspired by a line of researchers including Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835), H. Steinthal (1823–1899), and his own father, Hans Conon von der Gabelentz (1807–1874). Today Gabelentz is chiefly remembered for several theoretical and methodological innovations which continue to play a role in linguistics. Most significant among these are his contributions to cross-linguistic syntactic comparison and typology, grammar-writing, and grammaticalization. His earliest linguistic work emphasized the importance of syntax as a core part of grammar and sought to establish a framework for the cross-linguistic description of word order, as had already been attempted for morphology by other scholars. The importance he attached to syntax was motivated by his engagement with Classical Chinese, a language almost devoid of morphology and highly reliant on syntax. In describing this language in his 1881 Chinesische Grammatik, Gabelentz elaborated and implemented the complementary “analytic” and “synthetic” systems of grammar, an approach to grammar-writing that continues to serve as a point of reference up to the present day. In his summary of contemporary thought on the nature of grammatical change in language, he became one of the first linguists to formulate the principles of grammaticalization in essentially the form that this phenomenon is studied today, although he did not use the current term. One key term of modern linguistics that he did employ, however, is “typology,” a term that he in fact coined. Gabelentz’s typology was a development on various contemporary strands of thought, including his own comparative syntax, and is widely acknowledged as a direct precursor of the present-day field. Gabelentz is a significant transitional figure from the 19th to the 20th century. On the one hand, his work seems very modern. Beyond his contributions to grammaticalization avant la lettre and his christening of typology, his conception of language prefigures the structuralist revolution of the early 20th century in important respects. On the other hand, he continues to entertain several preoccupations of the 19th century—in particular the judgment of the relative value of different languages—which were progressively banished from linguistics in the first decades of the 20th century.

W poszukiwaniu błękitnego kwiatu, czyli o romantycznym ideale Bildung w Henryku von Ofterdingen Novalisa

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1 (247)) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Malwina Rolka
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Friedrich Schlegel ◽  
Johann Gottlieb Fichte ◽  
German Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century

The main aim of the paper is reconstruction of the concept of Bildung (considered as forming the man’s personality) in an educational novel entitled Henry von Ofterdingen written by Novalis (Friedrich von Hardenberg). Novalis’s novel – inspired by Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister Lehrejahre – is one of the most original early romantic works which prove the importance of the idea of Bildung for German culture at the beginning of the 19th century. In the first part of the text the author discusses the literary image of Bildung presented in the plot of the novel and then indicates its inner contradiction. In the second part of the article the author reconstructs the philosophical roots of this ideal regarding Novalis’s notion of Bildung in light of the thought of German idealism (transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottlieb Fichte in particular) because the theory of romantic progressive poetry (elaborated most fully by Friedrich Schlegel) originates there. The perspective taken in the paper allows the author to reveal the universal significance of the inner contradiction of the romantic idea of forming man’s personality as a sign of the fundamental crisis of the modern ideal of humanity.

The History of General and Comparative Linguistics in 19th Century Russia

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Berezin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Systematic Character ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The 19Th Century

Summary The article attempts to demonstrate how problems in general and historical-comparative linguistics were worked out and developed during the 19th century in Russia. Largely following the tradition established by 18th-century Russian scholars, especially M. V. Lomonosov (1711–65), who is regarded as the founder of Russian linguistics, 19th-century linguists displayed a lively interest in investigating the social nature of language. Other key interests of these scholars were the study of the systematic character of language, the development of the phonemic principle (including the distinctive feature concept), the typological study of related and unrelated languages, etc. It is shown that their work generally mirrored the intellectual trends of their period, with biologistic views giving way to sociological and psychological ones, as is evident in the work of N. I. Greč, A. X. Vostokov, A. A. Potebnja, J. Baudouin de Courtenay, F. F. Fortuna-tov, and many others. The intellectual climate of 19th-century Europe allowed for a free exchange of scientific information; thus, in its earlier stages, the Russian scientific scene was sometimes influenced by ideas from the West, whereas it can be said that Russian scholars working in linguistics paid back toward the end of the 19th and in the earlier 20th centuries by furthering research leading to a structural concept of language, the study of morphophonology, typology and language universals as is evident in the theories advanced by members of the Prague and Copenhagen schools.

Las lenguas amerindias y la conformatión de la lengua nacional en México en el siglo XIX

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cifuentes
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
National Language ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Indian Language ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century

SUMMARY The Indigenous Languages of Mexico and the Creation of a National Language This article dwells on the role that the members of scientific societies played in the process of selecting a linguistic code in 19th-century Mexico. The members of the Mexican Society of Georgraphy and Statistics (1833) and those of the Mexican Academy of Language (1875) engaged in the study of Mexican multilingualism. The purpose of their projects was to delineate the basis of language policy which in turn had a fundamental component: the creation of national identity. Both leading intellectuals and government officials considered decolonization the most important task of their time. As a result, they assumed the evaluation of two equally relevant traditions: the Hispanic and the Amerindian. Firstly, it was necessary to demonstrate the "level" of civilization reached by some Amerindian groups in general and the Mexican in particular. The need to demonstrate that Amerindian languages were languages of "culture" made the 19th-century thinkers resort to the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, represented by Francisco Xavier Clavijero. Secondly, the researchers of this era resorted to comparative linguistics. The preservation of the colonial language was justified on the grounds that it was convenient to continue participating in the Hispanic spiritual tradition, a tradition that was reflected in its language. Indigenous languages were examined to preserve the memory of the glorious Indian past. The thinkers and political leaders of the 19th century were convinced that the disappearance of the indigenous languages was inevitable. By integrating select traits of Nahuatl — the most "civilized" and widely spoken Indian language — the new "decolonized" language would stand out as a unique geographical variety, a variety that would eventually be accepted by the members of the Spanish Royal Academy. RESUMO La indiĝenaj lingvoj de Meksikio kaj la kreado de nacia lingvo La artikolo priskribas la rolon luditan de membroj de sciencaj societoj en la procezo de elekto de lingva normo en Meksikio en la 19-a jarcento. La membroj de la Meksika Societo pri Geografio kaj Statistiko ( 1833) kaj tiuj de la Meksika Lingva Akademio ( 1875) studis la meksikan lingvaron. Estis la celo de iliaj projektoj krei bazon por lingva politiko kies baza elemento estis la kreado de uacia identeco. Kaj la gvidaj intelektuloj kaj la registaraj oficistoj konsideris la plej grava tasko de sia epoko la malkoloniigon. Sekve ili ekstudis du samgravajn tradiciojn, la hispanan kaj la indianan. Unue, gravis montri la "nivelon" de civilizo atingitan de indianaj grupoj ĝenerale kaj de la meksikaj specife. La bezono pruvi, ke la indianaj lingvoj estis lingvoj de "kulturo" kondukis la deknaŭa-jarcentajn intelektulojn al ideoj el la epoko de la racionalismo, reprezentataj de Francisco Xavier Clavijero. Due, la sciencistoj de tiu periodo aplikis komparan lingvistikon. La konservo de la kolonia lingvo estas pravigita per la argumento, ke estis konvene plu partopreni en la hispana spirita tradicio, reflektita en la hispana lingvo. La indigenaj lingvoj estis studataj por konservi la memoron pri la glora indiana pasinteco. La intelektuloj kaj politikaj gvidantoj de la 19-a jarcento estis konvinkitaj, ke la malapero de la indigenaj lingvoj estis neevitebla. Alprenante kelkajn trajtojn el la nahuatla lingvo - la plej "civilizita" kaj plej vaste parolata indiana lingvo - la nova "mal-koloniigita" hispana lingvo apartigus kiel unika geografia variaĵo, kiu fine ec gajnos la aprobon de la Hispana Rega Akademio.

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