Investigating typographic differentiation: Italics are more subtle than bold for emphasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Dyson ◽  
Sofie Beier
Keyword(s):  
Letter Identification ◽  
Neutral Test

Text designers are likely to benefit from guidance on how to use typographic differentiation for emphasis. Three experiments use purposely-designed fonts to explore the size and nature of differences in the stylistic characteristics of fonts (weight, width, contrast, italic) which affect letter identification. Results indicate that words set in bold and expanded fonts, when alternated with words set in a Neutral test font, may impair performance, whereas changing to italic does not. Possible explanations are explored through measuring the physical and perceptual similarities of the test fonts.

Perceptual and lexical effects in letter identification: An event-related potential study of the word superiority effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 1098 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara D. Martin ◽  
Tatjana Nazir ◽  
Guillaume Thierry ◽  
Yves Paulignan ◽  
Jean-François Démonet
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Word Superiority Effect ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
Lexical Effects

On the Relation between Visual Spatial Attention and Visual Field Asymmetries

1992 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A Mondor ◽  
M.P. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Right Visual Field ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
The Right

In the typical visual laterality experiment, words and letters are more rapidly and accurately identified in the right visual field than in the left. However, while such studies usually control fixation, the deployment of visual attention is rarely restricted. The present studies investigated the influence of visual attention on the visual field asymmetries normally observed in single-letter identification and lexical decision tasks. Attention was controlled using a peripheral cue that provided advance knowledge of the location of the forthcoming stimulus. The time period between the onset of the cue and the onset of the stimulus (Stimulus Onset Asynchrony—SOA) was varied, such that the time available for attention to focus upon the location was controlled. At short SO As a right visual field advantage for identifying single letters and for making lexical decisions was apparent. However, at longer SOAs letters and words presented in the two visual fields were identified equally well. It is concluded that visual field advantages arise from an interaction of attentional and structural factors and that the attentional component in visual field asymmetries must be controlled in order to approximate more closely a true assessment of the relative functional capabilities of the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Letter Identification in Words and Non-Words, with Variation in Visual Angle and Delay of Position Cue

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T Solman
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Letter String ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Word Superiority Effect ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Superiority Effect ◽  
Critical Letter ◽  
Contextual Constraint ◽  
Perceptual Locus

Two experiments are described in which subjects were required to report the name of a single position-cued ‘critical’ letter in a tachistoscopically displayed string of four letters. The stimulus characters were arranged to form three types of letter strings: (i) strings in which the letters did not form words; (ii) words in which contextual constraint of the critical letters was minimised; and (iii) words in which contextual constraint of the critical letters was maximised. The serial position of the letter to be identified in each string was cued at delays of −500, −100, and +500 ms, in experiment 1 and at delays of −510 and +510 ms in experiment 2, and in both experiments one group of subjects responded to letter strings which subtended a horizontal visual angle of 3·95 deg, while a second group responded to strings which subtended 1·02 deg. Correct identifications of critical letters showed that the presentation of words resulted in superior performance. This ‘word superiority effect’ is consistent with earlier findings implying that it has a perceptual locus. For the stimuli which subtended the large visual angle the word advantage was detrimentally affected only when the position of the critical letter to be identified was cued either 500 or 510 ms prior to the display of the letter string.

scholarly journals Learning letter identification in peripheral vision

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1399-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T.L. Chung ◽  
Dennis M. Levi ◽  
Bosco S. Tjan
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
Letter Identification
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