Aspects of descriptive, referential, and information structure in phrasal semantics

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Dominey
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Construction Grammar

Phrasal semantics is concerned with how the meaning of a sentence is composed both from the meaning of the constituent words, and from extra meaning contained within the structural organization of the sentence itself. In this context, grammatical constructions correspond to form-meaning mappings that essentially capture this “extra” meaning and allow its representation. The current research examines how a computational model of language processing based on a construction grammar approach can account for aspects of descriptive, referential and information content of phrasal semantics.

scholarly journals A computational model of reading across development: Effects of literacy onset on language processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 104025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Ning Chang ◽  
Padraic Monaghan ◽  
Stephen Welbourne
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Language Processing

scholarly journals Information-theoretic Modeling of Perceived Musical Complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Sauvé ◽  
Marcus T. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Probabilistic Prediction ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Musical Background ◽  
Musical Excerpts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Perceived Complexity

What makes a piece of music appear complex to a listener? This research extends previous work by Eerola (2016), examining information content generated by a computational model of auditory expectation (IDyOM) based on statistical learning and probabilistic prediction as an empirical definition of perceived musical complexity. We systematically manipulated the melody, rhythm, and harmony of short polyphonic musical excerpts using the model to ensure that these manipulations systematically varied information content in the intended direction. Complexity ratings collected from 28 participants were found to positively correlate most strongly with melodic and harmonic information content, which corresponded to descriptive musical features such as the proportion of out-of-key notes and tonal ambiguity. When individual differences were considered, these explained more variance than the manipulated predictors. Musical background was not a significant predictor of complexity ratings. The results support information content, as implemented by IDyOM, as an information-theoretic measure of complexity as well as extending IDyOM's range of applications to perceived complexity.

A comparison between Fluid Construction Grammar and Sign-Based Construction Grammar

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi van Trijp
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge

Construction Grammar has reached a stage of maturity where many researchers are looking for an explicit formal grounding of their work. Recently, there have been exciting developments to cater for this demand, most notably in Sign-Based Construction Grammar (SBCG) and Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). Unfortunately, like playing a music instrument, the formalisms used by SBCG and FCG take time and effort to master, and linguists who are unfamiliar with them may not always appreciate the far-reaching theoretical consequences of adopting this or that approach. This paper undresses SBCG and FCG to their bare essentials, and offers a linguist-friendly comparison that looks at how both approaches define constructions, linguistic knowledge and language processing.

Fluid Construction Grammar

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Steels
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Methods And Techniques

This chapter focuses on Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG), a formalism that allows Construction Grammar researchers to formulate their findings in a precise manner and to test the implications of their theories for language parsing, production, and learning. It explains that FCG is not intended to displace other linguistic proposals for Construction Grammar but to be an open instrument which can be used by construction grammarians who want to formulate their intuitions and analyses in a precise way and who want to test the implications of their grammar designs for language parsing, production, and learning. The chapter furthermore shows that the construction-based approach is also relevant for the investigation of language processing, and discusses the methods and techniques adopted for the implementation of complex linguistic phenomena.

scholarly journals The Expectancy Dynamics of Anti-Tonal Twelve-Tone Rows: A Commentary and Reanalysis of von Hippel & Huron (2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Niels Chr. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Music Cognition ◽  
Arnold Schoenberg ◽  
Anton Webern ◽  
Alban Berg ◽  
Twelve Tone ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures ◽  
High Uncertainty

This commentary provides two methodological expansions of von Hippel and Huron's (2020) empirical report on (anti-)tonality in twelve-tone rows by Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, and Alban Berg. First, motivated by the theoretical importance of equality between all pitch classes in twelve-tone music, a full replication of their findings of "anti-tonality" in rows by Schoenberg and Webern is offered using a revised tonal fit measure which is not biased towards row-initial and row-final sub-segments. Second, motivated by a long-standing debate in music cognition research between distributional and sequential/dynamic tonality concepts, information-theoretic measures of entropy and information content are estimated by a computational model and pitted against distributional tonal fit measures. Whereas Schoenberg's rows are characterized by low distributional tonal fit, but do not strongly capitalize on tonal expectancy dynamics, Berg's rows exhibit tonal traits in terms of low unexpectedness, and Webern's rows achieve anti-tonal traits by combining high uncertainty and low unexpectedness through prominent use of the semitone interval. This analysis offers a complementary–and arguably more nuanced–picture of dodecaphonic compositional practice.

Information Structure

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaakko Leino
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Role Of Information

This chapter examines the role of information structure in constructionist approaches. It evaluates the central notions of information structure and how these factors can be incorporated into a Construction Grammar view of mental grammar. The chapter explains that information structure is an important element of sentence grammar because it influences by which construction a particular meaning is expressed and why speakers therefore choose one construction over alternative ones in specific situations

Russian verbs of motion and their aspectual partners in Fluid Construction Grammar

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-320
Author(s):  
Katrien Beuls ◽  
Yana Knight ◽  
Michael Spranger
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Construction Grammar ◽  
Motion Verbs ◽  
The Core ◽  
Verbs Of Motion ◽  
Behavior Based

Abstract Russian boasts a highly complex aspectual system which can appear irregular and difficult to learn. It has recently been suggested that motion verbs, which are normally seen as exceptional in their nature, may in fact be at the core of this system, motivating aspectual behavior based on stem directionality. This suggests that analyzing motion verbs may help understand the Russian aspectual system as a whole. The present work demonstrates how Russian motion verbs and their aspectual partners can be implemented and processed successfully with Fluid Constructional Grammar. The study presents an example of language processing in both production and comprehension in operation and highlights the flexibility and power of this formalism, despite the challenges that this complex aspectual system poses.

Computational model for conceptual design based on extended function logic

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Sturges ◽  
Kathleen O'Shaughnessy ◽  
Mohammed I. Kilani
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Extended Function

AbstractFunction logic methods have been successfully used in Value Analysis (VA) and Value Engineering (VE) for several decades. This functional approach attempts to provide a common language for specialists in multiple domains. This paper describes an extension of function logic that assists in systematic identification of design functions, allocations, and their interrelations. Our approach identifies a three-level function/allocation/component information structure to represent the state of the design. We illustrate new types of links that exist between functions and the effect of these on the representation of the interrelated functions. These linkages provide new pathways for design information and function evaluation through allocation arithmetic and supported functions. A computational model of the conceptual design process is proposed based on the extended function logic design representation. An outline of the inputs, outputs and operations on form and function variables is given as a step prior to the synthesis process. We illustrate, by example, the process of translating functional representations across specialist domains. Finally, a computer-based aid to developing functional models is described.

The value of the World Wide Web for tele-education in radiology

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
T F Gotwald ◽  
M Daniaux ◽  
A Stoeger ◽  
R Knapp ◽  
D zur Nedden
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Weak Point ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
The World ◽  
Radiological Education ◽  
Time Required

We assessed Websites for radiological education. Of several hundred sites identified, 30 were randomly selected for evaluation by two groups of observers. All Web pages were rated with respect to time required to access the information; structure and organization of the site; image quality; and information content and relevancy. Rapid access was gained to many educational radiology Websites, which contained large numbers of interesting radiological images of good quality. A weak point was the structure and organization of the sites. The greatest variability in ratings was found in the information content and relevancy of the Websites.

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