scholarly journals Hidden language ‘battles’ in the diaspora

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sabaté-Dalmau
Keyword(s):  
European Society ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Visual Materials

Abstract Following a critical sociolinguistics approach to language maintenance in the diaspora, this paper investigates interplaying linguistic identities and ideologies towards home and host languages among four case-study Pakistanis living in Catalonia, a Catalan/Spanish-speaking European society. By drawing on fieldnotes, interviews, naturally-occurring conversations and visual materials gathered in a Barcelona call shop, it shows how informants invest in Spanish as the ‘integration’ language, despite being categorised as ‘deficient’ users of it. They present themselves as ‘native’ speakers of Urdu, which indexes modern ‘Muslimness’ and ‘Pakistaniness’, while Punjabi users, associated with the ‘yokels’, are silenced. English is ambivalently taken-up as an intra-group sign of educational status and political power and as an anti-Muslim ‘coloniser’ language. Overall, these stratifying sociolinguistic behaviours reveal how Pakistanis’ home/host multilingual resources get re-ideologised through linguistic hierarchisations which foster the maintenance of majority languages only, dismissing minority language speakers, in unchartered transnational contexts where these are already ‘delanguaged’.

Communicating emotions in L2 Chinese: Talk in the dorm during study abroad

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-359
Author(s):  
Qian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Study Abroad ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oral Interaction

AbstractCommunication of emotion is at the heart of human interaction. For second language (L2) learners, the ability to communicate one’s emotion is crucial, especially in the context of study abroad when they are in frequent contact with native speakers. The aim of the case study is to investigate how an American sojourner Puppies and her Chinese roommate Kiki (both pseudonyms) participated in conversational narratives in the dormitory to construct emotions, and how the contextualized interaction facilitated Puppies’ development of a linguistic repertoire for the expression of emotion in Chinese. Informed by Vygotskian sociocultural theory, the study followed the genetic method in tracing the history of Puppies’ Chinese emotional repertoire across the semester, thereby elucidating the language developmental processes in the situated oral interaction. Audio-recorded everyday interaction in the dorm is triangulated by Puppies’ responses to the pre- and post-Mandarin Awareness Interview and interviews with Puppies and Kiki. Analysis revealed that the contextualized dorm talk provided abundant L2 resources for Puppies to develop a L2 emotional repertoire, especially fear-related emotion expressions. A discrepancy in the product of development as gleaned from the Mandarin Awareness Interview, and the process of development as seen in the naturally occurring dorm talk, suggests that Puppies’ use or non-use of local emotional expressions could be mediated by her partial understanding of the forms and the speech style and identity she wished to assume.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE OF THE JAVANESE INTERMARRIAGES IN RANTAU UTARA

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matrejo Matrejo ◽  
Busmin Gurning ◽  
Siti Aisyah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Linguistic Vitality ◽  
The Way

This study deals with the Language Maintenance of Javanese Intermarriages in Rantau Utara. It employed qualitative research design with a case study. This study aims to describe: (1) the factors of language maintenance and (2) the the way of Javanese Intermarriages maintained the Javanese language (3) the reasons of Javanese Intermarriages maintained the language. The subjects were 20 Javanese Intermarriages.They were chosen because many of Javanese people who married with other ethnic. The instruments used of this study were observation, questionnaire and interview. The data were analyzed by using Miles,Hubberman and Saldana’s data analysis. The result of the study were found that there were six factors of Javanese language of maintaining the language namely seeing each other frequently (100%), neighborhood domain (97%), ethno linguistic vitality (100%), family domain (99%), religion domain (55%) and practice the traditional ceremony (35%). Then the way of maintaining the javanese language were found namely acquisition of the language (40%), create a socially integrated population of native speakers (60%), localities of habitually using the language (80%) and the last was speak language in area oral competence (35%).The reasons of Javanese Intermarriages maintained the language namely show identity (90%), Pride (100%) and keep the language (100%). Keywords: language maintenance, intermarriages, ethnic

Japanese school children in Melbourne and their language maintenance efforts

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniko Yoshimitsu
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Permanent Resident ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Maintenance Process ◽  
Permanent Residents

This paper presents a case study of language maintenance efforts made by bilingual Japanese children in Melbourne whose parents are of Japanese background. The children were selected from two sub-groups in the Japanese community: the children of business sojourners (temporary residents), the largest sub-group in the community, and the children of permanent residents, the second largest sub-group. Focusing on the micro-level language planning for maintenance, this study examines the speakers’ degree and direction of maintenance in terms of Japanese language proficiency, and it analyses the correlation between the maintenance achieved, the factors, and the strategies adopted. Two instruments have been developed for the assessment of speakers’ naturally occurring spoken discourse data. It is argued that the children’s differing residential status, being either a sojourner or permanent resident, is a key factor affecting the maintenance process and its outcomes, and that maintenance at the micro-level, specifically individual and family levels, is the result of the combined efforts of the parents and the children.

A CASE STUDY OF NL INFLUENCE IN UNIS FKIP ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS' INTERLANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Irmala Sukendra ◽  
Agus Mulyana ◽  
Imam Sudarmaji
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Similar System ◽  
The One ◽  
L1 Acquisition

Regardless to the facts that English is being taught to Indonesian students starting from early age, many Indonesian thrive in learning English. They find it quite troublesome for some to acquire the language especially to the level of communicative competence. Although Krashen (1982:10) states that “language acquirers are not usually aware of the fact that they are acquiring language, but are only aware of the fact that they are using the language for communication”, second language acquisition has several obstacles for learners to face and yet the successfulness of mastering the language never surmounts to the one of the native speakers. Learners have never been able to acquire the language as any native speakers do. Mistakes are made and inter-language is unavoidable. McNeili in Ellis (1985, p. 44) mentions that “the mentalist views of L1 acquisition hypothesizes the process of acquisition consists of hypothesis-testing, by which means the grammar of the learner’s mother tongue is related to the principles of the ‘universal grammar’.” Thus this study intends to find out whether the students go through the phase of interlanguage in their attempt to acquire second language and whether their interlanguage forms similar system as postulated by linguists (Krashen).

scholarly journals Analyzing free variation with harmony – A case study of verb-cluster serialization

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-437
Author(s):  
Markus Bader
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Weighted Constraints ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Frequency Relationship ◽  
Zero Frequency ◽  
Free Variation

Abstract In German, a verb selected by another verb normally precedes the selecting verb. Modal verbs in the perfect tense provide an exception to this generalization because they require the perfective auxiliary to occur in cluster-initial position according to prescriptive grammars. Bader and Schmid (2009b) have shown, however, that native speakers accept the auxiliary in all positions except the cluster-final one. Experimental results as well as corpus data indicate that verb cluster serialization is a case of free variation. I discuss how this variation can be accounted for, focusing on two mismatches between acceptability and frequency: First, slight acceptability advantages can turn into strong frequency advantages. Second, syntactic variants with basically zero frequency can still vary substantially in acceptability. These mismatches remain unaccounted for if acceptability is related to frequency on the level of whole sentence structures, as in Stochastic OT (Boersma and Hayes2001). However, when the acceptability-frequency relationship is modeled on the level of individual weighted constraints, using harmony as link (see Pater2009, for different harmony based frameworks), the two mismatches follow given appropriate linking assumptions.

scholarly journals Evolution of halophytes: multiple origins of salt tolerance in land plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Flowers ◽  
Hanaa K. Galal ◽  
Lindell Bromham
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tolerant Plants

The evolution of salt tolerance is interesting for several reasons. First, since salt-tolerant plants (halophytes) employ several different mechanisms to deal with salt, the evolution of salt tolerance represents a fascinating case study in the evolution of a complex trait. Second, the diversity of mechanisms employed by halophytes, based on processes common to all plants, sheds light on the way that a plant’s physiology can become adapted to deal with extreme conditions. Third, as the amount of salt-affected land increases around the globe, understanding the origins of the diversity of halophytes should provide a basis for the use of novel species in bioremediation and conservation. In this review we pose the question, how many times has salt tolerance evolved since the emergence of the land plants some 450–470 million years ago? We summarise the physiological mechanisms underlying salt-tolerance and provide an overview of the number and diversity of salt-tolerant terrestrial angiosperms (defined as plants that survive to complete their life cycle in at least 200 mM salt). We consider the evolution of halophytes using information from fossils and phylogenies. Finally, we discuss the potential for halophytes to contribute to agriculture and land management and ask why, when there are naturally occurring halophytes, it is proving to be difficult to breed salt-tolerant crops.

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