Beyond tropes: a dialogue on Asian women's experiences in the outdoors.

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Yi Chien Jade Ho ◽  
Pei Ting Tham
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Outdoor Education ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Gender Oppression ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Systemic Discrimination

Abstract In this chapter, researchers offer their own experiences through an extended dialogue between a long-term outdoor educator in Australia and a researcher of outdoor education in Canada. They engage and share their conversations in order to highlight the ways in which outdoor education as an industry and academic field perpetuates systems of racial and gender oppression. Although the chapter centres on racial and gender discrimination embedded in outdoor education policy and practices, the conversation also presents the ways in which class further entrenches systemic discrimination. Each axis of oppression works intersectionally to create unequal material conditions, further marginalizing people and communities who are not white, middle-class and/or male (Crenshaw, 1989; hooks, 2015; Taylor, 2017).

“Looking Good and Sounding Right”

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L. Williams ◽  
Catherine Connell
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Labor Practices ◽  
Job Segregation ◽  
Aesthetic Labor ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Retail Workers

Upscale retail stores prefer to hire class-privileged workers because they embody particular styles and mannerisms that match their specialized brands. Yet retail jobs pay low wages and offer few benefits. How do these employers attract middle-class workers to these bad jobs? Drawing on interviews with retail workers and Bourdieu’s theory of habitus, the authors find that employers succeed by appealing to their consumer interests. The labor practices we identify contribute to the re-entrenchment of job segregation, race and gender discrimination, and fetishism of consumption. The conclusion argues against rewarding aesthetic labor and suggests other rationales for upgrading low-wage retail employment.

Houses Divided

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas P. Volkman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Phenomenon ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Border State

This work argues that congregational and local denominational schisms among Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians in the border state of Missouri before, during, and after the Civil War were central to the crisis of the Union, Civil War, and Reconstruction. Employing an array of approaches that examine these ecclesiastical fractures beyond the customary antebellum temporal scope of analysis, and as a local phenomenon, this study maintains that the schisms were interlinked religious, sociocultural, legal, and political developments rife with implications for the transformation of evangelicalism and the United States in that period and to the end of Reconstruction. The evangelical disruptions in Missouri were grounded in divergent moral and political understandings of slavery, abolitionism, secession, and disloyalty. Publicly articulated by factional litigation over church property and a combative evangelical print culture, the schisms were complicated by race, class, and gender dynamics that arrayed the contending interests of white middle-class women and men, rural churchgoers, and African American congregants. These ruptures forged antagonistic northern and southern evangelical worldviews that increased antebellum sectarian strife and violence, energized the notorious guerrilla conflict that gripped Missouri through the Civil War, and fueled postwar vigilantism between opponents and proponents of emancipation. As such, the schisms produced the intertwined religious, legal, and constitutional controversies that shaped pro- and antislavery evangelical contention before 1861, wartime Radical rule, and the rise and fall of Reconstruction.

Invisible Visits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina K. Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Exam Room ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Although the United States spends almost one-fifth of all its resources on funding healthcare, the American system is dogged by persistent inequities in the treatment of racial and ethnic minorities and women. Invisible Visits analyzes how Black women navigate the complexities of dealing with doctors in this environment. It challenges the idea that race and gender discrimination, particularly in healthcare settings, is a thing of the past. In telling the stories of Black women who are middle class, Invisible Visits also questions the persistent myth that discrimination only affects racial minorities who are poor. In so doing, Invisible Visits expands our understanding of how Black middle-class women are treated when they go to the doctor and why they continue to face inequities in securing proper medical care. The book also analyzes the strategies Black women use to fight for the best treatment and the toll that these adaptations take on their health. Invisible Visits shines a light on how women perceive the persistently negative stereotypes that follow them into the exam room and makes the bold claim that simply providing more cultural competency or anti-bias training to doctors is insufficient to overcome the problem. For Americans to really address these challenges, we must first reckon with how deeply embedded discrimination is in our prized institutions, including healthcare. Invisible Visits tells the story of Black women in their own words and forces us to consider their experiences in the context of America’s fraught history of structural discrimination.

Macro Changes and the Implications for Equality and Social and Gender Justice in Higher Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 235-254
Author(s):  
Miriam E. David ◽  
Penny Jane Burke ◽  
Marie-Pierre Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
University Education ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Student Parents ◽  
Male Privilege ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
And Gender

This chapter considers the implications of global changes for equality and social and gender justice in HE. Taking a feminist perspective it renders visible the limited impact that neo-liberal transformations have had on women’s equal participation in university education. Starting from a consideration of the international statistical evidence on the massive expansion of HE, the authors consider how white middle-class male privilege remains entrenched in complex ways in new forms of HE. This is shown most clearly through the pursuit of an uncritical notion of excellence and the approaches to pedagogical spaces. The chapter considers how student parents are treated ‘carelessly’ or without care, and how the majority of academic staff have become precarious workers, whilst privilege remains for white middle-class men in power.

scholarly journals Is it possible to achieve gender equality in Kazakhstan: Focus on employment and social protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Zhanna Khamzina ◽  
Yermek Buribayev ◽  
Yerkin Yermukanov ◽  
Aizhan Alshurazova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Systemic Discrimination

International ratings confirm that Kazakhstan is a leader in Central Asia in addressing the causes of gender inequality; however, there are still significant gender differences in key areas. In particular, gender discrimination in the labor market is complex: when hiring or dismissing, while restricting access to certain professions and positions, in matters of promotion and career growth, when remuneration is paid for performing the same work, not related to differences in labor efficiency. Discrimination is especially sensitive in relation to pregnant women and women with young children. Discrimination continues with access to social measures for avoiding poverty and in the pension system. Further progress requires more strategically significant and focused actions to identify and bridge the remaining factors of systemic discrimination and gender gaps. In the article, we show the insufficient attention of the legal science of Kazakhstan to the problems of regulation of equality. We present the author’s methodology for analyzing labor and social legislation from the perspective of regulating gender equality, consisting of several assessments: Kazakhstan’s fulfillment of international obligations; implementation of the principle of nondiscrimination in labor and social legislation; administrative and judicial mechanisms to protect against discrimination based on sex; and opportunities for implementing best foreign and international practices for the regulation of equality.

Action at intersections

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Michael A. Messner
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Women In The Military ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Gender Oppression ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The Military

Military veterans are popularly imagined to be men, but recent decades have seen an increase in the number of women in the military, including women of color and queer-identified people. This diversification of the military is increasingly reflected in veterans’ peace organizations like Veterans For Peace and About Face. This younger, diverse generation of veterans brings their multiple experiences of race, social class, and gender oppression—before, during, and after their military service—to their anti-war activism. Their collective intersectional knowledge in turn shapes their activism, as veterans. The chapter reviews the literature on women and LGBTQ people in the military; intersectionality as an academic field; and intersectional praxis as an emergent connective tissue in the broader field of progressive activism. The chapter poses a question grounded in the tensions and possibilities of the present historical moment: How will veterans’ peace organizations respond to the challenges introduced by a younger and far more diverse cohort of activist veterans?

Girlhood Unscripted: A Homeless Black Girl’s Video Narratives and the New Terrain of Representation

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
Olga Ivashkevich
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Homeless Families ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Girlhood Studies ◽  
And Gender

The article examines impromptu video narratives produced by a Black 9-year-old girl Kiara during the video-making sessions at the shelter for homeless families in Columbia, South Carolina. I argue that these video narratives create a new discourse of girlhood that ruptures existing media, popular culture, and other societal scripts about girlhood and disenfranchised communities—a discourse of girlhood unscripted—which brings into play the complex intersections of class, ethnicity, race, and gender and produces a new realm of representation. Drawing on her daily experiences of poverty, hunger, violence, incarceration, and racism, Kiara’s narratives also pose a challenge to the field of girlhood studies which continues to focus on White, middle-class femininity thereby creating a scholarly trap of representation.

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