Sustainable Development Goals and India’s Commitment to Gender Justice

Sustainable Development Goals are a set of seventeen interconnected objectives to achieve a sustainable future for all. They take a holistic and multidimensional approach to development to alter our planet by addressing humanity's many difficulties. It is an essential component of all aspects of inclusive and long-term growth. Women need to have equal rights and opportunities and live without fear of prejudice or violence. Goal five expressly mentions gender equality as one of the SDGs. Discriminatory laws must be changed and legislation enacted to advance equality proactively to achieve the goals. Gender-based violence is a top priority for governments all across the world. India is dedicated to promoting equality for all of its residents. The Indian Constitution's Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and State Policy Directive Principles express a strong commitment to gender equality. Also, India is the signatory of UN Conventions like CEDAW, where its pledge towards gender justice is evident. Furthermore, India has incorporated various domestic laws in pursuance of its responsibility towards Gender Justice. However, in India, Discrimination against women remains a profound issue despite reforms in various laws and different policies. Several concerns like female labor force participation, crimes against women, education among women, and discrimination are evident. This paper mainly throws light on the status of Gender Justice in India. It will help the stakeholders working on SDGs and Gender justice in policy development. It will highlight the gains and gaps that India has so far accomplished and encountered.

Emde, Coolen, dan Istrinya: Analisis Gender dan Relasi Kuasa dalam Pekabaran Injil di Jawa Timur (1812-1848)

This article aims to build awareness of the gender equality issues in the history of Christianity through historical research. The subject of the research is the history of missions in East Java, especially in 1812-1848. Therefore, this study employs an analysis of gender and power relations both through feminist theory initiated by Kwok Pui Lan and also orientalism theory brought by Edward Said in examining the history of mission in East Java on that period. The characters appointed as the research subjects are Johannes Emde and Coenrad Laurens Coolen, along with their wives and children. They are the pioneers in introducing the gospel to the Javanese in East Java, thus become the foundations of the Christian community in East Java. In particular, the life of Emde and Coolen are so intertwined with the history of the East Java Christian Church (GKJW). However, there is a gender gap found in the mission by Emde and Coolen. In response, this research is conducted to keep building the awareness of gender justice as the history of Christianity carry on.AbstrakTulisan ini adalah bentuk upaya membangun kesadaran terhadap keadilan gender atas sejarah Kekristenan melalui penelitian pada sejarah pekabaran Injil di Jawa Timur khususnya pada tahun 1812-1848. Untuk itu penelitian ini menggunakan analisis gender dan relasi kuasa melalui teori feminis yang digagas oleh Kwok Pui Lan dan teori orientalisme yang dibawa oleh Edward Said dalam menelaah sejarah pekabaran Injil di Jawa Timur pada periode tersebut. Tokoh-tokoh yang diangkat adalah Johannes Emde dan Coenrad Laurens Coolen, beserta istri dan anaknya. Mereka memiliki andil besar dalam mengenalkan Injil dan menjadi pondasi komunitas Kristen di Jawa Timur. Utamanya tokoh Emde dan Coolen yang begitu melekat pada sejarah Greja Kristen Jawi Wetan (GKJW). Namun dalam proses pekabaran Injil yang dilakukan oleh Emde dan Coolen lekat dengan ketimpangan gender. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan supaya terus terbangun kesadaran pada keadilan gender dalam membaca dan melanjutkan sejarah Kekristenan di mana saja.

The Importance of the Role of Women Ulama as the Effort to Actualate the Message of Islam to the Value of Equality

Islam is a gender-just religion so that in the dissemination of its values, gender-fair spaces and opportunities are also needed. The purpose of this study is to provide understanding and understanding to the reader that in realizing a gender-just environment, religion is an important slice that needs to be considered. Islam has agreed to create a gender-just order, and it has been stated in the verses of the Koran. This research method uses qualitative research, sourced from reading material and supported by implementation pictures as supporting data. The results showed that the presence of female clerics was very important. Islam has conveyed Islamic teachings by realizing gender justice so that resistance to patriarchal culture in Indonesia can be carried out with the presence of female ulama to understand that women also have human potential so that they can be said to be worthy as scholars. The limitation of this research is that the author is a little complicated in compiling the historical sequence of the presence of women ulama until their existence today. The lack of data sources that the author must obtain is still rare especially in research about Women Ulama as part of the struggle for gender equality.

Hacking Muhammad Syahrûr's Hudûd Theory and Its Relevance to the Inheritance of Sangkolan Madurese People

Muhammad Syahrûr is a modern thinker from Damascus with the theory of hudûd or limits in interpreting the verses of the Qur'an (or al-Tanzîl al-Hakîm). One of the theoretical scopes offered is hâlah al-hadd al-adnâ wa al-hadd al-a'lâ mâ'an (minimum and maximum limits simultaneously) which he applies to the inheritance verse. Syahrûr in interpreting the inheritance verse is quite different from classical scholars. He considered classical scholars too rigid in interpreting the inheritance verse. At the same time, for Syahrûr the 2:1 concept would move dynamically according to the hudûd that God had determined in the inheritance verse. The research method used is normative-empirical with a qualitative approach. This study aims to relevance the theory of hudûd Muhammad Syahrûr with the practice of inheritance of the Madurese community in the form of sangkolan. The results of this study indicate that between Syahrûr's hudûd theory, there is relevance to the practice of Sangkolan inheritance of the Madurese community in realizing gender justice either individually (nadzrah al-fardiyah) or collectively based on majmû'at al-dzukûr and majmû'at al-inâts.

Key Issues and Trends of Postcolonial Feminism

Postcolonial feminism is a response to Western Eurocentric feminism, which did not pay attention to racial differences, feelings and the position of women in the once colonized territories. The search for gender justice has led to the emergence of new theories and models reflecting the problems of oppression of women in the Afro-Asian world. The feminism of the postcolonial wave has focused on the issues of women’s political participation, the preservation of patriarchal survivals in the family and the state, economic and social inequality, the impact of globalization and integration processes on the position of women in society. The lack of unity regarding the assessment of the influence of Western culture on traditional societies and the position of women in postcolonial countries has led to the emergence of many approaches to the interpretation of gender processes and the role of women in the modern world. An analysis of the variants of postcolonial feminism such as: womanism, stiwanism, motherism, nego-feminism and others allows us to draw conclusions about their engagement in global or national practice.

FEMINIST JURISPRUDENCE AND ITS MANY CORNERS: BUILDING A SOCIO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE INDIAN SOCIETY

This paper tends to explore the various branches of the Feminist Jurisprudence and its inter-section with the other disciplines. To understand the socio-legal nuances involved in the concept of achieving a gender just framework there is a need to analyze the vast scholarly literature available on the subject. Therefore, an attempt has been made to conceptualize the problem of gender inequality existing between the relations of men and women in the Indian society. And finally connecting the scope of this analysis for building a contemporary understanding of the concept of Gender Justice paradigm in the Indian scenario. KEYWORDS: Feminist Jurisprudence, Gender, Gender-relations, Intersectionality, Gender Justice.

Pandemic politics – an introduction

The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 and the various measures taken subsequently, either by individual countries or by government and non-government bodies with a global reach, have had a profound effect on human lives on a number of levels, be it social, economic, legal, or political. The scramble to respond to the threat posed by the rapid spread of the virus has, in many cases, led to a suspension of ordinary politics whilst at the same time throwing into sharp relief the profoundly political nature of the pandemic. In addition to the new issues that have arisen regarding detection and treatment of the COVID-19 virus, perennial political issues regarding the limits of political authority, racial and gender justice, and populism and demagoguery have thrust themselves to the forefront of mainstream political discourse.