Cotton growing along the Nile.

2022 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Graham Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cotton Production

Abstract This chapter provides information on the current status of cotton cultivation in Egypt and Sudan, the various insect pests and pathogens negatively affecting cotton production and the efficacy of some strategies in their management.

Growing cotton in China.

2022 ◽  
pp. 80-100
Author(s):  
Zhao-zhi Lu ◽  
Xue-yue Li ◽  
Wang-feng Zhang ◽  
Ju-yun Zheng ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fibre Quality ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Cultivation Methods

Abstract This chapter focuses on the current status of cotton production in China and the genetic improvement and use of Bt transgenic cotton cultivars in the country. Some major insect pests, weeds and diseases of cotton in the country are presented and the efficacy of various methods used in their management are highlighted. Some information on the cultivar selection, cultivation methods, harvesting technologies and fibre quality characteristics of cotton in the country are also discussed.

Transgenic technologies for enhanced molecular breeding of white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Forster ◽  
S. Panter ◽  
A. Mouradov ◽  
J. Mason ◽  
G. C. Spangenberg
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Transgenic Technologies

White clover is an important pasture legume of temperate regions, generally through co-cultivation with a pasture grass in a mixed-sward setting. White clover provides herbage with high nutritional quality to grazing animals, along with the environmental benefit of biological nitrogen fixation. Several key agronomic traits are amenable to modification in white clover through use of transgenic technology. Efficient methods for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of white clover have been developed. The current status of transgenic research is reviewed for the following traits: resistance to viruses and insect pests; aluminium tolerance and phosphorus acquisition efficiency; control of leaf senescence and seed yield; biosynthesis of flavonoids and rumen bypass proteins for bloat safety and enhanced ruminant nutrition; cyanogenesis; and drought tolerance. Future prospects for transgenic technology in molecular breeding in white clover are also discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonal Emergence and Historical Contaminant Exposure of Cave Myotis (Myotis velifer) in Central Texas and Current Status of the Population

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Tarisha A. Land ◽  
Donald R. Clark ◽  
Charles E. Pekins ◽  
Thomas E. Lacher
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Contaminant Exposure ◽  
Fort Hood ◽  
Emergence Patterns ◽  
Myotis Myotis ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lactating Females

We examined the emergence patterns of Myotis velifer in central Texas in 2000 and assessed exposure to pesticide residues. We collected and analyzed guano from three caves for pesticide residues. In addition, bat carcasses were sampled from an active colony of cave myotis (Myotis velifer) in Shell Mountain. Organochlorine residue concentrations were highest in guano from the Egypt and Tippit Caves, whereas organophosphate concentrations were highest in Shell Mountain guano. Residue concentrations of organochlorines and metals in guano and carcasses collected from the three caves are considered low and probably of no biological concern. The study was one of very few to demonstrate the presence of OPs, including 18 different detectable compounds in the two most recent samples of bat guano. Comparisons between spring and fall guano samples from Shell Mountain suggest that HCB (hexachlorobenzene), total chlordanes, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan II, p,p’-DDE (Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene), and o,p’-DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) accumulated while bats were absent from the caves at Fort Hood. Lindane appeared to be the only chemical that increased while the bats were present at the site. Organochlorine concentrations in carcasses were generally lowest in lactating females and higher in nursing juveniles. The pattern of emergence coincides with the peak of agricultural activities, therefore, bats forage at a time when the insect pests are most abundant, but also potential to exposure to agricultural chemicals is highest. The current status of the population, however, remains stable in spite of the history of exposure.

Current Status and Prospect of Web Blight of Cowpea: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka . ◽  
Anand Kumar Meena ◽  
A.C. Mathur ◽  
R.K. Bagri ◽  
R.S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Brown Centre ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Web Blight ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Important Disease

Pulses in India have been considered as the poor man’s only source of protein. Among them Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an important food legume which is also known as vegetable meat due to high amount of protein in the grain with better biological value on dry weight basis. Various factors viz., diseases and insect pests are mostly responsible for its low production. Among diseases, web blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important disease of cowpea. The web blight appears every year at varying intensity and causes heavy losses in yield. Web blight disease is most severe at seedling and vegetative stage. The disease is characterized by oval or spindle shaped brown black lesions having length ranging from 0.2-8 cm at soil level near collar region and girdling the basal portion of the stem and lesions developed by basidiospores of Thanatephorus cucumeris which are 2-4 mm in diameter, circular and appear as brown necrotic spots with light brown centre. Cob web like symptoms also noticed hence, the name web blight.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Cotton Leaves in Response to Cotton Aphid Attack

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Pei Feng ◽  
Qiqi Ma ◽  
Qi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Aphid ◽  
Time Points ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Comparison Results

Abstract Main conclusion The molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids remains unclear currently. The RNA-Seq study of cotton leaves was performed in response to cotton aphid damage at different time points. The transcriptome analysis revealed that a lot of cotton gene transcripts were regulated by cotton aphid damage. Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover) are regarded as one of the most harmful insect pests for cotton production. They are usually capable of causing severe yield loss through sucking cotton liquids, secreting honeydews and transmitting plant viral diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids remains unclear currently. Therefore, the RNA-Seq study of cotton leaves was performed in response to cotton aphid damage at different time points (0 h,6 h,12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h). A total of 9, 103 new genes were identified, and 7, 510 of them were annotated functionally. Based on the comparison results, the gene expression was analyzed according to the expression amount of genes in different samples. 24,793 differentially expressed genes were authenticate in all and their functional annotation and enrichment analysis were conducted. Compared with 0 h (without aphid damage, CK), the amount of down-regulated DEGs was largely more than that of the up-regulated genes at different time points under cotton aphid attack except for 48h. As revealed by the functional annotation of DEGs, these genes were involved in all kinds of plant biological process, including various resistance to abiotic and biotic stress, hormone metabolism, signaling transduction and transcriptional regulation. These results established a firm foundation for the study of the molecular mechanism of the interaction between cotton and cotton aphids and would facilitate the development of plant aphid resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Nanopesticides: Current status and scope for their application in agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant Yadav ◽  
Poonam Jasrotia ◽  
Ajay Kumar Bhardwaj ◽  
Prem Lal Kashyap ◽  
Sudheer Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Volume Property

 Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field that has the potential to revolutionise food systems and counter the present-day challenge of food security. It envisages taking agriculture from the era of indiscriminate natural resource use and environmental degradation to the brave new world of advanced systems with enhanced material use efficiency and targeted applications to reduce crop losses caused due to abiotic-biotic stresses as well as to give due considerations to the environment. To manage plant diseases and insect pests, pesticides are inevitably used in agriculture. However, the higher dosage of these chemicals on a per hectare basis has resulted in many environmental and health hazards. To tackle the conventional pesticide related issues, a new field of science called nanotechnology has led to the development of nanopesticides that have less active ingredients, but better efficiency. The nanopesticides contain the carrier molecule or the active nanosized ingredient with a very high surface area to the volume property that provides them unique exploitable-advantages. Several formulations, viz., nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, nanogels, metal compound-based nanopesticides, have been developed for different modes of action and vivid applications. The biggest advantage comes due to the small size of the particles that help in properly spreading the ingredients on the pest surface and, thus, producing a better action than conventional pesticides. The use of nanoparticles in the form of nanopesticides, nanofertilisers, and nano delivery systems is on the increase day by day due to their higher efficiency and reduced dosage requirements. However, human beings and other organisms are also getting exposed to the nano-entities during the application or afterwards. The interactions of these engineered nano-entities with biological systems are relatively unknown thus far. Therefore, before their wider usage in crop production and protection, a better understanding of their interactions, and adverse effects, if any, is also crucial for a sustainable transition.  

Cotton growing in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar.

2022 ◽  
pp. 53-79
Author(s):  
Abid Ali ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmed ◽  
Zheng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Industry ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
History Of

Abstract This chapter provides information on the history of the cotton industry in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Myanmar. The various insect pests and disease affecting cotton production in these countries are discussed and the efficacy of some strategies in the management of these pests and diseases are presented.

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