scholarly journals Oligofructose and experimental model of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S213-S219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-J. Butel ◽  
A.-J. Waligora-Dupriet ◽  
O. Szylit
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Fermenting Bacteria ◽  
Neonatal Necrotising Enterocolitis

The gut of preterm neonates is colonised with a paucity of bacterial species originating more from the environment than from the mother. Furthermore, a delayed colonisation by bifidobacteria promotes colonisation by potentially pathogenic bacteria. This may contribute towards the development of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The physiopathology of NEC is still unclear but immaturity of the gut, enteral feeding and bacterial colonisation are all thought to be involved. None of the current preventive treatments are considered satisfactory. Modulating the autochthonous microflora by probiotics or prebiotics could be a more reliable approach to prevention. Using gnotobiotic quails as an experimental model of NEC we have shown that onset of intestinal lesions requires a combination of low endogenous lactase activity, lactose in diet, and colonisation by lactose-fermenting bacteria such as the clostridia. The protective role of bifidobacteria was demonstrated in this model through a decrease in clostridial populations and in butyric acid. Oligofructose dietary supplementation was shown to enhance this effect with an increase in the bifidobacterial level and consequently a greater decrease in clostridia. However, oligofructose was unable to promote a bifidobacterial acquisition when the microflora was initially deprived of this group. Nevertheless, oligofructose can act as an anti-infective agent and decrease the occurrence or severity of the lesions depending on the bacteria involved. According to these results and to the fact that oligosaccharides are a major component of breast milk, the addition of oligofructose in formula milks may be a nutritional approach to favouring colonisation by a beneficial flora.

scholarly journals Exploring Mucin as Adjunct to Phage Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 509
Author(s):  
Amanda Carroll-Portillo ◽  
Henry C. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Phage Cocktail ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis

Conventional phage therapy using bacteriophages (phages) for specific targeting of pathogenic bacteria is not always useful as a therapeutic for gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Complex dysbiotic GI disorders such as small intestinal bowel overgrowth (SIBO), ulcerative colitis (UC), or Crohn’s disease (CD) are even more difficult to treat as these conditions have shifts in multiple populations of bacteria within the microbiome. Such community-level structural changes in the gut microbiota may require an alternative to conventional phage therapy such as fecal virome transfer or a phage cocktail capable of targeting multiple bacterial species. Additionally, manipulation of the GI microenvironment may enhance beneficial bacteria–phage interactions during treatment. Mucin, produced along the entire length of the GI tract to protect the underlying mucosa, is a prominent contributor to the GI microenvironment and may facilitate bacteria–phage interactions in multiple ways, potentially serving as an adjunct during phage therapy. In this review, we will describe what is known about the role of mucin within the GI tract and how its facilitation of bacteria–phage interactions should be considered in any effort directed at optimizing effectiveness of a phage therapy for gastrointestinal dysbiosis.

scholarly journals hfqPlays Important Roles in Virulence and Stress Adaptation in Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC 29544

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 2089-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongok Kim ◽  
Hyelyeon Hwang ◽  
Kwang-Pyo Kim ◽  
Hyunjin Yoon ◽  
Dong-Hyun Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flagellar Biosynthesis

Cronobacterspp. are opportunistic pathogens that cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis with high mortality in neonates. Despite the peril associated withCronobacterinfection, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are still being unraveled. Hfq, which is known as an RNA chaperone, participates in the interaction with bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) to regulate posttranscriptionally the expression of various genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that Hfq contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous species of bacteria, and its roles are varied between bacterial species. Here, we tried to elucidate the role of Hfq inC. sakazakiivirulence. In the absence ofhfq,C. sakazakiiwas highly attenuated in disseminationin vivo, showed defects in invasion (3-fold) into animal cells and survival (103-fold) within host cells, and exhibited low resistance to hydrogen peroxide (102-fold). Remarkably, the loss ofhfqled to hypermotility on soft agar, which is contrary to what has been observed in other pathogenic bacteria. The hyperflagellated bacteria were likely to be attributable to the increased transcription of genes associated with flagellar biosynthesis in a strain lackinghfq. Together, these data strongly suggest thathfqplays important roles in the virulence ofC. sakazakiiby participating in the regulation of multiple genes.

scholarly journals Oligofructose contributes to the protective role of bifidobacteria in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in quails

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. CATALA ◽  
M. J. BUTEL ◽  
M. BENSAADA ◽  
F. POPOT ◽  
A. C. TESSEDRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Role ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis

Shockwave Lithotripsy and Protective Role of Inosine: Early and Late Evaluation in an Experimental Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano De Stefani ◽  
Salvatore Micali ◽  
Cosimo De Carne ◽  
Maria Chiara Sighinolfi ◽  
Corradino Di Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy

scholarly journals Horizontal Transfer of the Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis Resistance and Virulence Plasmid pESI to the Gut Microbiota of Warm-Blooded Hosts

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gili Aviv ◽  
Galia Rahav ◽  
Ohad Gal-Mor
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Transmission Properties

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is one of the prevalent salmonellae worldwide. Recently, we showed that the emergence of S . Infantis in Israel was facilitated by the acquisition of a unique megaplasmid (pESI) conferring multidrug resistance and increased virulence phenotypes. Here we elucidate the ecology, transmission properties, and regulation of pESI. We show that despite its large size (~280 kb), pESI does not impose a significant metabolic burden in vitro and that it has been recently fixed in the domestic S . Infantis population. pESI conjugation and the transcription of its pilus ( pil ) genes are inhibited at the ambient temperature (27°C) and by ≥1% bile but increased under temperatures of 37 to 41°C, oxidative stress, moderate osmolarity, and the microaerobic conditions characterizing the intestinal environment of warm-blooded animals. The pESI-encoded protein TraB and the oxygen homeostasis regulator Fnr were identified as transcriptional regulators of pESI conjugation. Using the mouse model, we show that following S . Infantis infection, pESI can be horizontally transferred to the gut microbiota, including to commensal Escherichia coli strains. Possible transfer, but not persistence, of pESI was also observed into Gram-positive mouse microbiota species, especially Lactobacillus reuteri . Moreover, pESI was demonstrated to further disseminate from gut microbiota to S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, in the context of gastrointestinal infection. These findings exhibit the ability of a selfish clinically relevant megaplasmid to distribute to and from the microbiota and suggest an overlooked role of the microbiota as a reservoir of mobile genetic elements and intermediator in the spread of resistance and virulence genes between commensals and pathogenic bacteria. IMPORTANCE Plasmid conjugation plays a key role in microbial evolution, enabling the acquisition of new phenotypes, including resistance and virulence. Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis is one of the ubiquitous salmonellae worldwide and a major cause of foodborne infections. Previously, we showed that the emergence of S . Infantis in Israel has involved the acquisition of a unique megaplasmid (pESI) conferring multidrug resistance and increased virulence phenotypes. Recently, the emergence of another S . Infantis strain carrying a pESI-like plasmid was identified in Italy, suggesting that the acquisition of pESI may be common to different emergent S . Infantis populations globally. Transmission of this plasmid to other strains or bacterial species is an alarming scenario. Understanding the ecology, regulation, and transmission properties of clinically relevant plasmids and the role of the microbiota in their spreading offers a new mechanism explaining the emergence of new pathogenic and resistant biotypes and may assist in the development of appropriate surveillance and prevention measures.

scholarly journals Prospects and Challenges of the Study of Anti-Glycan Antibodies and Microbiota for the Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11608
Author(s):  
Eugeniy P. Smorodin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integrative Study

Over the past decades, a large amount of data has been accumulated in various subfields of glycobiology. However, much clinically relevant data and many tools are still not widely used in medicine. Synthetic glycoconjugates with the known structure of glycans are an accurate tool for the study of glycan-binding proteins. We used polyacrylamide glycoconjugates (PGs) including PGs with tumour-associated glycans (TAGs) in immunoassays to assess the prognostic potential of the serum level of anti-glycan antibodies (AG Abs) in gastrointestinal cancer patients and found an association of AG Abs with survival. The specificity of affinity-isolated AG Abs was investigated using synthetic and natural glycoconjugates. AG Abs showed mainly a low specificity to tumour-associated and tumour-derived mucins; therefore, the protective role of the examined circulating AG Abs against cancer remains a challenge. In this review, our findings are analysed and discussed in the context of the contribution of bacteria to the AG Abs stimulus and cancer progression. Examples of the influence of pathogenic bacteria colonising tumours on cancer progression and patient survival through mechanisms of interaction with tumours and dysregulated immune response are considered. The possibilities and problems of the integrative study of AG Abs and the microbiome using high-performance technologies are discussed.

Oligofructose and experimental model of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Butel M.-J.* ◽  
Waligora-Dupriet A.-J. ◽  
O. Szylit
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Necrotising Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Necrotising Enterocolitis
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