Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Concomitant Reduction ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
High Cellulose ◽  
Immediate Response

1. Seven pigs of 30 kg initial live weight were fitted with re-entrant cannulas in the terminal ileum. Each was fed, in succession, four purified diets having cellulose and sodium levels (g/kg) of 30 and 2.7, 30 and 0.9, 90 and 2.7 or 90 and 0.9, respectively. Collections of digesta (24 h) and 3 or 4 d collections of faeces were made.2. There was a greater throughput of ileal digesta with the high-cellulose diets than with the low-cellulose diets, mainly due to increased water content, and there was a concomitant reduction in the net absorption of Na from the small intestine. The immediate response to reduced Na intake was increased secretion of Na into the gut lumen anterior to the terminal ileum; this was more pronounced with the high-cellulose diet. Na concentrations in ileal digesta were very similar for all four diets.3. The apparent absorptions of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and zinc were reduced by the high-cellulose diets. In each instance this was due to reduced absorption posterior to the terminal ileum.

Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pancreatic Ducts ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
P Absorption

1. Pigs growing from 20 to 60 kg live weight were given diets based on barley, weatings and fish meal, or starch, sucrose and groundnut meal or starch, sucrose and casein. Seventeen pigs were fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum (posterior to entry of bile and pancreatic ducts), jejunum or terminal ileum and twenty-four non-cannulated pigs were used in a conventional digestibility trial.2. The amounts of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium passing through the reentrant cannulas and amounts excreted in the faeces were measured. These values were used to calculate the direction and extent of net movements of the five elements through the walls of the four parts of the digestive tract anterior to the collection sites.3. The small intestine was the principal site of Ca and P absorption but there were differences between the diets in the relative importance of the regions anterior and posterior to the mid-jejunum.4. Secretion of small amounts of Mg occurred in the anterior small intestine; the ileum and large intestine were the principal sites of net absorption.5. There was a large net secretion of Na anterior to the duodenal cannulas and further secretion into the anterior small intestine with each diet. There were marked differences between diets in the amounts secreted but the ileal Na concentration was the same in each instance. Absorption occurred in the ileum and large intestine.6. Secretion of small amounts of K was evident anterior to the duodenal cannulas and net absorption occurred in both parts of the small intestine with each diet.

scholarly journals Studies on intestinal digestion in the sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pfeffer ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
D. C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Proximal Duodenum ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. In each of three experiments, two sheep were given diets consisting of hay, or two parts hay to one part barley or one part hay to two parts barley. Each sheep was equipped with a cannula into the rumen and re-entrant cannulas into the proximal duodenum and the terminal ileum. The rations containing barley were supplemented to adjust the intake of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium to a level similar to that in the all-hay ration. Paper impregnated with chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was given twice daily by rumen fistula.2. Amounts of crude ash and the five minerals entering and leaving the small intestine and excreted in the faeces were measured. The amounts passing through the re-entrant cannulas were adjusted to give 100% recovery of chromic oxide. The values were used to calculate the direction and net movements of the elements through the walls of the three main parts of the alimentary tract.3. In all instances there was an extensive net secretion of Na and P between mouth and small intestine, net absorption of K and P from the small intestine and of Na from the large intestine.4. The net movements of Ca and Mg were small and rather variable. In five of the six observations there was a small net secretion of Ca and small net absorption of Mg during passage of the digesta through the reticulo-rurnen, omasurn and abomasurn. Net secretion of Ca and Mg apparently occurred in the small intestine and net absorption of Mg in the large intestine.5. The only between-diet differences were small differences in net movements of Na and K.

Effect of guar gum on nitrogen secretion into isolated loops of jejunum in conscious growing pigs

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Low ◽  
Anna L. Rainbird
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nitrogen Secretion

1. Four pigs, initially of 30 kg live weight, were surgically prepared with two re-entrant cannulas in the jejunum, 1.0 m apart. This allowed an isolated loop to be formed through which Ringer solutions were continuously perfused for 6.5-h periods per day.2. The effects of two Ringer solutions of contrasting composition on nitrogen secretion were measured in a preliminary study.3. The effects of guar gum (6.7 g/l) on N secretion during perfusions of solutions of glucose or of maltose (20 g/l) were measured.4. N secretion did not differ significantly between the two Ringer solutions.5. Addition of guar gum to the solution of glucose increased mean N secretion from 69.2 to 133.9 mg/m per 2 h; the corresponding values for the maltose solution were 75.5 and 120.2 mg/m per 2 h. In both cases the differences were significant (P< 0.001). Differences between N secretion into glucose and maltose solutions were not significant, either without or with guar gum.6. Guar gum addition had a greater effect on N secretion in hours 5 and 6 than in hours 1 and 2 of perfusion.7. It was calculated that guar gum would have increased N secretion by the mucosa of the whole small intestine from approximately 15 to 27 g/d under the conditions of the study, assuming uniform secretion throughout the organ. These results suggest that certain types of dietary fibre may be important determinants of N secretion by the mucosa of the small intestine. They also suggest that changes in N secretion of this magnitude are of importance in N metabolism because the overall rate of protein synthesis in these pigs was probably about 100 g/d (expressed as N), using values from the literature.

scholarly journals Nitrogen transactions along the digestive tract of lambs concurrently infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Bown ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
A. R. Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Plasma Loss ◽  
Endogenous Protein

Twelve lambs, paired on the basis of live weight, were cannulated in the abomasum, in the proximal jejunum approximately 4 m distal to the pylorus and in the terminal ileum. Six were infected with 3000 Trichostrongylus colubriformis and 3000 Ostertagia circumcincta larvae each day for 18 weeks and the remainder were pair-fed to individual infected lambs. All animals were offered ryegrass (Lolium perenne)–white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture, cut daily. Dry matter (DM) intake, live weight, faecal egg concentration, plasma pepsinogen and plasma protein concentrations were measured weekly. During weeks 7 and 17 after commencement of infection, the flow of digesta along the gastrointestinal tract was measured together with enteric plasma loss and true digestion and absorption of 125I-labelled albumin in the small intestine. DM intake was depressed by parasitism, being 1331, (se 70), 423 (se 32) and 529 (se 52) g/d during weeks 3, 7 and 17 respectively. The flow of nitrogen at the proximal jejunum and in faeces was increased by parasitism during week 7 and at the abomasum and ileum during week 17. Plasma protein-N loss (g/d) into the gastrointestinal tract was 0.68 (se 0.091) and 1.97 (se 0.139) during week 7, and 0.85 (se0.158) and 1.96 (se 0.396) during week 17, in control and infected sheep respectively. True digestion and absorption of albumin in the proximal small intestine, the site of infection, was very low (mean 0.08) and was not affected by parasitism. Between the abomasum and terminal ileum absorption of albumin was high (mean 0.87) and again was not affected by parasitism. It was calculated that of the total increase in endogenous protein passing from the ileum tract as a result of infection, plasma protein comprised only a small percentage (10–36%). The major proportion of digestion and absorption of protein occurred in the distal small intestine beyond the site of infection and was not affected by infection.

scholarly journals The activity of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin during 24 h periods in the small intestine of growing pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Low
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Endogenous Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maize Oil

1. Digesta were collected from twenty-two pigs, of 40 kg mean live weight, and fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum.2. Three approximately isonitrogenous diets were given to the pigs; their main constituents were: barley, fine wheat offal and white fish meal (diet BWF); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose and either groundnut (diet SSG) or casein (diet SSC).3. The activities of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin were measured every hour in duodenal digesta during 24 h collection periods. Chymotrypsin and trypsin were also measured every hour in jejunal digesta and every 6 h in ileal digesta, during 24 h collection periods.4. The mean total pepsin activities in the duodenal digesta during 24 h collection periods (units for a 40 kg pig given 1·7 kg diet) were: 7764400 (diet BWF), 6078400 (diet SSG), 5801 600 (diet SSC).5. The mean total chymotrypsin activities (units for a 40 kg pig given 1·7 kg diet) in digesta in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively were: 62920, 59560, 21 880 (diet BWF), 78240, 68400, 24680 (diet SSG). 75280, 76120, 6160 (diet SSC).6. The mean total trypsin activities (units for a 40 kg pig given 1·7 kg diet) in digesta from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively were: 256840, 362840, 77600 (diet BWF), 211 200, 205280. 46720 (diet SSG) 325720, 428560, 13600 (diet SSC).7. It was calculated that the total weights of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin in duodenal digesta in 24 h periods were between 6·2 and 7·1 g. This represents 20–25% of previously published estimates of the amounts of endogenous protein in this part of the gut.

scholarly journals Dietary Calcium-Phosphorus Ratios for Growing Pigs in Relation to Serum Levels and Bone Development

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Nielsen ◽  
S. Andersen ◽  
A. Madsen ◽  
H.P. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Development ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs 2. Differing nutrient density at a constant energy: protein ratio

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lodge ◽  
M. E. Cundy ◽  
R. Cooke ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

SUMMARYForty-eight gilts by Landrace sires on Large White × Landrace females were randomly allocated to eight pens and within pens to six treatment groups involving three diets and two levels of feeding from 23 to 59 kg live weight. All diets were formulated to have approximately the same ratio of digestible energy to crude protein (160 kcal DE/unit % CP) but different energy and protein concentrations: (A) 3500 kcal/kg DE and 21 % CP, (B) 3150 kcal/kg DE and 19% CP, and (C) 2800 kcal/kg DE and 17% CP. Amino acid balance was maintained relatively constant with synthetic lysine, methionine and tryptophan. The levels of feeding were such that the lower level of diet A allowed an intake of energy and protein similar to the higher level of diet B, and the lower level of B was similar to the higher level of C.On the lower level of feeding, growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion and carcass fat content increased linearly with each increment in nutrient concentration; on the higher level of feeding growth rate and EFC increased from diet C to B but not from B to A, whereas carcass fat content increased linearly with diet from the lowest to the highest concentration. There was a non-significant tendency for the higher density diets at a similar level of nutrient intake to give better EFC and fatter carcasses than the lower density diets.

Effect of Dehydration and Rehydration on the Water Content and Na+ and K+ Balance in Adult Male Periplaneta Americana

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
LOIS E. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Food Reserves

Changes in live weight and in the water, Na+ and K+ content of the tissues and faeces have been examined in adult male Periplaneta americana in various states of hydration. During dehydration the haemolymph volume decreases markedly, but the Na+ and K+ concentrations rise only slightly. Less than 25% of the Na+ removed from the haemolymph during dehydration was found to be excreted, but the K+ excreted during dehydration was in excess of that removed from the haemolymph alone. It seems likely that the major tissue for regulating the haemolymph Na+ during dehydration and rehydration is the fat body, in which dehydration causes an increase, and rehydration a decrease, in the Na:K ratio. The Na+ and K+ content of the fat body was found to be variable in both hydrated and dehydrated animals and absolute changes in the ion content of the tissue could not be estimated because of unknown changes in the amount of food reserves and excretory products.

Surgery: Small Intestine Terminal Ileum—Resection

2015 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
S. K. Sharma ◽  
J. W. Milsom
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Terminal Ileum
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document