scholarly journals Insulin response to glucose and glucose tolerance following feeding in sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sasaki ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
H. Aso ◽  
K. Hikosaka ◽  
A. Hagino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose

1. Sheep offered a roughage diet for 4 h daily were injected intravenously with glucose before and at various times after feeding. The insulin secretory response to glucose and the rate of disappearance of injected glucose were determined.2. While the basal concentration of plasma insulin was unchanged, the base-line plasma glucose concentration tended to decrease during the meal.3. The glucose load brought about an increase in the plasma insulin concentration at each injection, but the insulin response to glucose and the rate of glucose disposal were increased during the meal.4. On varying the time of feeding between 08.00 and 16.00 hours, the increase in the insulin response to glucose and in the rate of glucose disposal always appeared to be related to the giving of food, independent of the time food was offered.5. It is concluded that feeding increases the insulin response to an intravenous glucose load even when the increase in the basal level of plasma insulin on feeding is very modest in sheep given a roughage diet. The increased insulin response and glucose disposal rate following feeding did not appear to be related to diurnal rhythms in insulin secretory activity or glucose metabolism.

OBESITY AS AN ADDITIONAL FACTOR IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Luft ◽  
Erol Cerasi ◽  
Bo Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Plasma insulin response to glucose infusion was measured in obese subjects with normal and decreased intravenous glucose tolerance. In obese non-diabetic subjects there was insulin hyperresponsiveness to glucose accompanied by peripheral resistance to endogenous insulin. In the obese diabetic subjects insulin response was of the type seen in non-obese diabetics; in no such instance could insulin hyperresponsiveness to glucose be obtained. It is suggested that obesity precipitates diabetes only in subjects with preexisting impairment of insulin response, i. e. in prediabetics. Subjects with unimpaired insulin secreting capacity would overcome the diabetogenic effect of obesity by compensatory hyperinsulinism.

GLUCOSE DISAPPEARANCE RATE IN SYMPTOMATIC NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Rosita S. Pildes ◽  
Daksha A. Patel ◽  
Menachem Nitzan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Neonatal Hypoglycemia ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Disappearance

The present study was undertaken to determine the rate of glucose disposal in the pathogenesis of symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia. Intravenous glucose (1 gm/kg) was injected rapidly into 11 hypoglycemic and eight control newborn infants. The percentage (mean ± SEM) disappearance rate per minute (Kt) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the hypoglycemic newborn infants compared with that of the controls (2.8 ± 0.1 versus 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively). Baseline plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the hypoglycemic (16.8 ± 3.9µU/ml) than those of the controls (3.5 ± 1.0µU/ml). Baseline plasma growth hormone values in the hypoglycemic newborns were 16.6 ± 5.7 mµg/ml. Growth hormorne values rose in the hypoglycemic to 36 ± 10 mµg/ml at 10 minutes and to 64 ± 13 mµg/ml by 60 minutes.

Interactions of cold exposure and starvation on glucose tolerance and insulin response

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E575-E581 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Vallerand ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

The metabolic interactions of cold exposure, cold acclimation, and starvation on glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels were studied in precannulated, unrestrained, and unanesthetized rats. Cold exposure (48 h at 5 degrees C) significantly reduced the insulin response to intravenous glucose injection (P less than 0.01) while improving glucose tolerance (P less than 0.01). Starvation (48 h at 25 degrees C) also reduced the insulin response (P less than 0.01) but did not significantly alter glucose tolerance. “Accelerated starvation” induced by starving rats for 48 h at 5 degrees C dramatically reduced both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels while even improving glucose tolerance, resulting in a 15-fold reduction in the insulinogenic index. Cold acclimation (3 wk at 5 degrees C) induced essentially the same alterations as cold exposure. Approximately reversed changes were observed when cold-acclimated rats were returned to a warm environment for 15–18 h. Results from these studies indicate that 1) cold exposure and starvation, but not cold acclimation, act synergistically in decreasing the sensitivity and/or the capacity of pancreatic islets for secreting insulin in response to glucose stimulation; 2) glucose tolerance and possibly insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues are enhanced by cold exposure and starvation, although glucose tolerance is improved by cold exposure only, not by starvation; 3) an improved glucose tolerance with barely detectable plasma insulin levels was obtained in cold-starved rats under normal physiological conditions.

scholarly journals Glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status of cockerels selected for high or low residual food consumption

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gabarrou ◽  
Pierre Andre Geraert ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Laurent Ruffier ◽  
Nicole Rideau
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

The plasma glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status were investigated in two lines of adult cockerels divergently selected for high (R+) or low (R-) residual food consumption (RFC). For a given body weight, R+ birds had a 74 % higher food intake than R- birds. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the R+ line compared with the R- when fasted, whereas R+ birds exhibited a significantly lower plasma insulin concentration than R- birds either in fed or fasted state. After an overnight fast, R+ birds also exhibited a higher sensitivity to exogenous insulin in view of its more pronounced hypoglycaemic effect. After an oral glucose load, the glucose disposal of R+ cockerels was faster despite lower glucose-induced plasma insulin concentration. Whilst plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the R+ line when fed, plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were higher in fasted R+ than R- cockerels (684v.522 μmol/l). Higher plasma triiodothyronine concentrations were observed in fed R+ compared with R- birds (3·0v.2·1 nmol/l respectively). The higher plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine associated with lower concentrations of insulin could account for the leanness and the elevated diet-induced thermogenesis previously observed in the R+ line.

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