Depression in Feed Intake by a Highly Fermentable Diet Is Related to Plasma Insulin Concentration and Insulin Response to Glucose Infusion

The effect of chronic metabolic acidosis (0.1 g/(kg . day) X 3 days) on carbohydrate metabolism was examined with the glucose-clamp technique in 16 healthy volunteers. Hyperglycemic clamp. Plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised and maintained 125 mg/dl above the basal level. Because the glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism (M). Following NH4Cl, M decreased from 8.95 +/- 1.12 to 7.35 +/- 0.76 (P less than 0.05) despite an increased plasma insulin concentration (I) 23 +/- 9%, P less than 0.05). Consequently the M/I ratio, an index of tissue sensitivity to insulin, decreased by 32 +/- 5% (P less than 0.005). Euglycemic clamp. Plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained 101 +/- 3 microU/ml above basal and plasma glucose is held constant at the fasting level by a variable glucose infusion (M). Following NH4Cl both M and M/I decreased by 15 +/- 4% (P = 0.005) and 15 +/- 5% (P = 0.01), respectively. Metabolic acidosis had no effect on basal [3-3H]glucose production or the percent of decline (91 +/- 4%) following hyperinsulinemia. Both hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies indicate that impaired glucose metabolism following metabolic acidosis results from impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin.

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An analogue computer model for the insulin response to glucose infusion

SIMULATION ◽

10.1177/003754977101600601 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 243-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Bertil Andersson

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Computer Model ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Analogue Computer ◽

Dynamic Factors ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose

An analogue computer model has been constructed for the analysis of the interrelationship between blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations during glucose infusion. The model presented gives quantitative information on the effect of plasma insulin on glucose uptake, the total amount of glucose taken up by the tissues at a given time, the effect of blood glucose on the release of stored and newly formed insulin, and the rapidity by which plasma insulin is increased in response to hyperglycaemia. Such an analogue computer model might be a useful tool in the investigation of the various dynamic factors involved in the glucose- insulin interrelationship.

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Maternal Supply of Fatty Acids during Late Gestation on Offspring’s Growth, Metabolism, and Carcass Characteristics in Sheep

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 719

Author(s):

Milca Rosa-Velazquez ◽

Jerad R. Jaborek ◽

Juan Manuel Pinos-Rodriguez ◽

Alejandro Enrique Relling

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Insulin Concentration ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Plasma Metabolite ◽

Lamb Growth ◽

Different Sources

Lambs born from dams supplemented with different sources of fatty acids (FA) during late gestation have a different growth rate and plasma glucose concentration. The main objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of supplementing different sources of FA during late gestation on offspring plasma metabolite concentrations, growth, and on a glucose tolerance test (GTT) during the finishing phase. Fifty-four lambs (18 pens, 3 lambs/pen) were born from ewes supplemented during late gestation with one of three treatments: (1) no FA (NF); (2) a source of monounsaturated FA (PDS, 1.01% of Ca salts); or (3) a source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (EDS, 1.01% of Ca salts containing). At birth (day 0), supplementation ceased, and all ewes and lambs were placed in a common pen. On day 60, lambs were weaned, grouped by sex, blocked by body weight (BW), and placed on a common finishing diet for 54 days (FP). One lamb per pen was used for the GTT after the FP. There was a tendency for FA × Sex × Day interaction (p = 0.08) on lamb growth during the finishing period, with PDS females being heavier than PDS males, while EDS males were heavier than EDS females at day 60. There was a tendency for FA × Sex interaction (p = 0.06) for plasma insulin concentration for the GTT. Plasma insulin concentration of wethers increased as FA unsaturation degree increased during the GTT; the opposite happened with the plasma insulin concentration of female lambs. In conclusion, FA supplementation during late gestation tended to modified growth and insulin response to a GTT; these changes differed with the degree of FA unsaturation of the supplement and lamb sex.

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Insulin response to glucose and glucose tolerance following feeding in sheep

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19840101 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 351-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Y. Sasaki ◽

H. Takahashi ◽

H. Aso ◽

K. Hikosaka ◽

A. Hagino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Secretory Activity ◽

Diurnal Rhythms ◽

Glucose Disposal ◽

Base Line ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose

1. Sheep offered a roughage diet for 4 h daily were injected intravenously with glucose before and at various times after feeding. The insulin secretory response to glucose and the rate of disappearance of injected glucose were determined.2. While the basal concentration of plasma insulin was unchanged, the base-line plasma glucose concentration tended to decrease during the meal.3. The glucose load brought about an increase in the plasma insulin concentration at each injection, but the insulin response to glucose and the rate of glucose disposal were increased during the meal.4. On varying the time of feeding between 08.00 and 16.00 hours, the increase in the insulin response to glucose and in the rate of glucose disposal always appeared to be related to the giving of food, independent of the time food was offered.5. It is concluded that feeding increases the insulin response to an intravenous glucose load even when the increase in the basal level of plasma insulin on feeding is very modest in sheep given a roughage diet. The increased insulin response and glucose disposal rate following feeding did not appear to be related to diurnal rhythms in insulin secretory activity or glucose metabolism.

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Insulin does not mediate the attenuation of fatigue associated with glucose infusion in rat plantaris muscle

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00040.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 330-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Antony D. Karelis ◽

François Péronnet ◽

Phillip F. Gardiner

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽

Muscle Performance ◽

Insulin Concentration ◽

Dynamic Force ◽

Plantaris Muscle ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration

Glucose infusion attenuates fatigue in rat plantaris muscle stimulated in situ, and this is associated with a better maintenance of electrical properties of the fiber membrane (Karelis AD, Péronnet F, and Gardiner PF. Exp Physiol 87: 585–592, 2002). The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that elevated plasma insulin concentration due to glucose infusion (∼900 pmol/l), rather than high plasma glucose concentration (∼10–11 mmol/l), could be responsible for this phenomenon, because insulin has been shown to stimulate the Na+-K+ pump. The plantaris muscle was indirectly stimulated (50 Hz, for 200 ms, 5 V, every 2.7 s) via the sciatic nerve to perform concentric contractions for 60 min, while insulin (8 mU · kg-1 · min-1: plasma insulin ∼900 pmol/l) and glucose were infused to maintain plasma glucose concentration between 4 and 6 [6.2 ± 0.4 mg · kg-1 · min-1: hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (HE)] or 10 and 12 mmol/l [21.7 ± 1.1 mg · kg-1 · min-1: hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamps (HH)] (6 rats/group). The reduction in submaximal dynamic force was significantly ( P < 0.05) less with HH (-53%) than with HE and saline only (-66 and -70%, respectively). M-wave characteristics were also better maintained in the HH than in HE and control groups. These results demonstrate that the increase in insulin concentration is not responsible for the increase in muscle performance observed after the elevation of circulating glucose.

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THE PLASMA INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550278 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 278-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 250

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Analogue Computer ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Plasma insulin concentration was measured during a standardized glucose infusion test (GIT) in 85 healthy subjects with a normal glucose tolerance and in 28 patients with manifest diabetes mellitus or decreased glucose tolerance. Each test was evaluated with the aid of an analogue computer model, and parameters characterizing different parts of the insulin curve during GIT were obtained. Large variations existed in all parameter values both in the normal and diabetic groups, and the overlapping between the two groups was considerable. In 15 out of 85 healthy subjects the plasma insulin response during GIT was of the diabetic type as judged from the frequency distribution of the computer parameters (low values). The similarity was still more striking when the characteristics of the insulin curves in these 15 subjects were compared with those in patients with mild diabetes or with a decreased glucose tolerance only. It is postulated that this type of low insulin response reflects a derangement of the release of insulin into the circulation, and that it marks an alteration which probably is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus. In this sense, these subjects may be considered to be potential diabetics.

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Plasma Insulin Response to Glucose Infusion in Obese Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Subjects

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-2007-999225 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 651-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Velemínský

Keyword(s):

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

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AN ANALOGUE COMPUTER MODEL FOR THE INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550163 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 163-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Bertil Andersson

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Computer Model ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Analogue Computer ◽

Dynamic Factors ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose

ABSTRACT An analogue computer model has been constructed for the analysis of the interrelationship between blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations during glucose infusion. The model presented gives quantitative information on the effect of plasma insulin on glucose uptake, the total amount of glucose taken up by the tissues at a given time, the effect of blood glucose on the release of stored and newly formed insulin, and the rapidity by which plasma insulin is increased in response to hyperglycaemia. Such an analogue computer model might be a useful tool in the investigation of the various dynamic factors involved in the glucose – insulin interrelationship.

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146 Nutritional Advances in Fetal and neonatal development: effect of fatty acid supplementation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 121-122

Author(s):

Alejandro E Relling

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Plasma Insulin ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Insulin Concentration ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Pufa Supplementation ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Offspring Growth

Abstract Data from a series of experiments demonstrates that maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during late gestation affects offspring growth. The increase in growth is independent on the fatty acid supplemented during the growing or finishing phase of the offspring; but it is sex dependent. Dam PUFA supplementation increases wether growth. Supplementation with EPA and DHA to pregnant ewes and to their offspring after weaning showed a treatment interaction in mRNA concentration of hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with dry matter intake (DMI) regulation. A dose increased in EPA and DHA in pregnant ewe diets shows a linear increase in growth, but a quadratic change in DMI or feed efficiency; growth was associated with a linear increase in plasma glucose concentration and a linear decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration. In lambs born from ewes supplemented with different sources of FA during a glucose tolerance test; males’ plasma insulin concentration increased as FA unsaturation degree increased in the dam diet, the opposite happened with females’ plasma insulin concentration. Recent data from our lab showed that the supplementation with EPA and DHA during the last third of gestation to pregnant ewes increased liver and small intestine global DNA methylation and small intestine transporters for amino acids in the fetus. Despite EPA and DHA during late gestation increase growth in the offspring; when EPA and DHA were supplemented in early gestation, offspring growth was lesser that lambs born from ewes supplemented a saturated and monounsaturated lipid. The reason for the difference in results it is not clear. However, more studies focusing in some aspect of the biology will help to understand what specific fatty acid needs to be supplemented at different stages of gestation to improve offspring growth.

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