scholarly journals Energy expenditure of Gambian women during peak agricultural activity measured by the doubly-labelled water method

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Singh ◽  
A. M. Prentice ◽  
E. Diaz ◽  
W.A. Coward ◽  
J. Ashford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Energetic Stress

The doubly-labelled water (2H218O) method was used to measure total energy expenditure (TEE) in ten non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL), six pregnant (P) and fourteen lactating (L) women in a rural Gambian community. Measurements were made on free-living subjects at a period of peak energetic stress when high agricultural work loads coincided with a hungry season to induce moderately severe negative energy balance. TEE averaged 10.42 (SD 2.08) MJ/d, equivalent to 1.95 (SD 0.38) times resting metabolic rate (RMR). The energy cost of physical activity plus thermogenesis, derived as TEE – RMR, averaged 4.94 (SD 1.96) MJ/d. Expressed per kg body-weight (103 kJ/kg per d) this component of expenditure was 2.5 times greater than comparative values from inactive, affluent women studied previously (39 kJ/kg per d). Estimated energy intake (EI) in a subset of the women (n 13) was only 4.80 (SD 1.58) MJ/d, yielding an apparent deficit of 6.08 MJ/d between EI and TEE. Weight changes suggested that endogenous fat oxidation accounted for only about 0.85 MJ/d, leaving an unexplained difference of over 5 MJ/d. Critical analysis of possible errors suggests that the new doubly-labelled water method has provided the most reliable estimates and that the estimates of EI were substantially in error. This finding has important consequences for other food intake studies.

scholarly journals Indirect Calorimetry Protocol Development for Measuring Resting Metabolic Rate as a Component of Total Energy Expenditure in Free-Living Postmenopausal Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 131 (8) ◽  
pp. 2215-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neilann K. Horner ◽  
Johanna W. Lampe ◽  
Ruth E. Patterson ◽  
Marian L. Neuhouser ◽  
Shirley A. Beresford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Protocol Development

Free-living Total Energy Expenditure Assessed using Three Accelerometer Models Validated against Doubly-Labelled Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5S) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
William E. Kraus ◽  
Megan A. McCrory ◽  
Manjushiri Bhapkar ◽  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Corby K. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water

scholarly journals Energy metabolism in free-living, ‘large-eating’ and ‘small-eating’ women: studies using 2H218O

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas Clark ◽  
Frank Tomas ◽  
Robert T. Withers ◽  
Colin Chandler ◽  
Menno Brinkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Food Diaries

The doubly-labelled water (2H218O) technique was used to assess the long-term rates of energy expenditure and, after accounting for any changes in body composition, the derived rates of energy intake in weight-stable ‘large-eating’ (n 6) and ‘small-eating’ (n 6) women. The self-reported energy intakes (approximately 11.2 v. 5.6 MJ/d) and energy expenditures (approximately 8.5 v. 12.4 MJ/d) for the ‘large-eating’ and ‘small-eating’ groups respectively, should not be sustainable without significant body-weight changes. 2H218O-assessed rates of energy expenditure for the ‘large-eaters’ (approximately 8.5 MJ/d) and ‘small-eaters’ (approximately 11.3 MJ/d) were in close agreement with the results obtained using 5 d, self-reported activity diaries but the derived rates of energy intake for the ‘large-’ (approximately 8.5 MJ/d) and ‘small-eaters’ (approximately 10.8 MJ/d) were markedly different from those obtained using self-reported, weighed food diaries. When two ‘small-eaters’ were supplied with their self-reported energy intakes (approximately 5 MJ/d) for up to 28 d both subjects lost about 0.75 kg body-weight/week. These results provide no support for the existence of ‘metabolically efficient’ women in the community.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure in disease: time to revisit?

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen R. Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
Urea Method

Knowledge of energy expenditure is especially important in disease, and may in fact help in the understanding of the pathophysiology of wasting associated with disease. Energy requirements in a clinical setting are often ‘prescribed’ by health professionals, either directly through enteral or parenteral feeding, or perhaps controlled through a hospital diet. Studies initially suggested an increase in energy expenditure, and thus energy requirements, as a direct result of an increase in basal metabolic rate often seen in disease. However, many problems exist in the measurement of BMR in a disease situation, due to the effects of drugs, clinical practice, feeding or possibly anxiety either as a cause of the disease or the measurement itself. These problems could in themselves contribute to the rise in metabolism seen in disease. More recently, however, with the use of tracer techniques such as doubly-labelled water and the bicarbonate–urea method, more accurate estimates of energy expenditure, and thus energy requirements, have been made. Some such measurements have in fact shown that even with an elevated BMR, free-living total energy expenditure can in fact be reduced in many disease situations, suggesting a reduced rather than an increased energy requirement. The present review investigates measurements of total energy expenditure in disease to explore the hypothesis that energy expenditure in disease, even with an elevated BMR, can in fact be reduced due to a concurrent reduction in physical activity.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Total Energy Expenditure During a 14-Day In-Season Period of Professional Rugby League Players Using the Doubly Labelled Water Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Cameron Morehen ◽  
Warren Jeremy Bradley ◽  
Jon Clarke ◽  
Craig Twist ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Hydrogen Deuterium ◽  
The Difference

Rugby League is a high-intensity collision sport competed over 80 min. Training loads are monitored to maximize recovery and assist in the design of nutritional strategies although no data are available on the total energy expenditure (TEE) of players. We therefore assessed resting metabolic rate (RMR) and TEE in six Super League players over 2 consecutive weeks in-season including one game per week. Fasted RMR was assessed followed by a baseline urine sample before oral administration of a bolus dose of hydrogen (deuterium 2H) and oxygen (18O) stable isotopes in the form of water (2H218O). Every 24 hr thereafter, players provided urine for analysis of TEE via DLW method. Individual training load was quantified using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. There were unclear differences in RMR between forwards and backs (7.7 ± 0.5 cf. 8.0 ± 0.3 MJ, respectively). Indirect calorimetry produced RMR values most likely lower than predictive equations (7.9 ± 0.4 cf. 9.2 ± 0.4 MJ, respectively). A most likely increase in TEE from Week 1 to 2 was observed (17.9 ± 2.1 cf. 24.2 ± 3.4 MJ) explained by a most likelyincrease in weekly sRPE (432 ± 19 cf. 555 ± 22 AU), respectively. The difference in TEE between forward and backs was unclear (21.6 ± 4.2 cf. 20.5 ± 4.9 MJ, respectively). We report greater TEE than previously reported in rugby that could be explained by the ability of DLW to account for all match and training-related activities that contributes to TEE.

scholarly journals Estimating energy requirements: regression based prediction equations or multiples of resting metabolic rate

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7a) ◽  
pp. 1184-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I Goran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Alternative Approaches

AbstractEnergy requirements have traditionally been determined based on multiples of resting metabolic rate (RMR), known as Physical Activity Levels (PAL). With more data from doubly labelled water studies alternative approaches for estimating energy requirements have been suggested. Statistical analysis reveals that body weight explains more of the variance in total energy expenditure (TEE) than does RMR. The explanation for this phenomenon is that body weight contributes to the variance of both RMR and the other major determinant of TEE, i.e. physical activity related energy expenditure. Thus, in effect, the regression-based approach provides a more physiological appropriate model for TEE. Its major departure from tradition, difference from current adult proposals, and time taken for acceptance are the disadvantages of the regression-based approach.

Determination of total energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate and physical activity in lean and overweight people

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Thielecke ◽  
J. Möseneder ◽  
A. Kroke ◽  
K. Klipstein-Grobusch ◽  
H. Boeing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight People
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