scholarly journals New and simple equations to estimate the energy and fat contents and energy density of humans in sickness and health

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Sutcliffe ◽  
Grant S. Knight ◽  
Jaime C. Pinilla ◽  
Graham L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy

Two formulas were derived to estimate the energy content of the human body which use only body mass, total body water by 3H2O dilution space and body minerals assessed by anthropometry. The formulas were tested in a body composition database of 561 patients and 151 normal volunteers using established metabolizable energy values for protein, fat and glycogen. Total body protein was determined by in vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA), body water by dilution of tritium and body minerals from skeletal frame size. Body glycogen was assumed to be 14.6 % of the mineral component. Body fat was obtained by difference, body mass less the sum of water, protein, minerals and glycogen. The standard deviation in the estimate of body energy content was 30 MJ or 4.1 % of the energy content of reference man. Two formulas for body energy content were derived by regression with body mass, total body water and body minerals or height. Two formulas for energy density and formulas for percentage body fat were similarly derived.

Body composition of harp seals

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Gales ◽  
Deane Renouf ◽  
Elizabeth Noseworthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Body

Using chemical analysis we measured the composition of 26 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) representing both sexes, aged between 3 months and 30 years, and encompassing a wide range of body conditions. Predictive relationships between total body water and total body fat contents, total body protein content, and gross energy were calculated. These equations allow accurate estimation of harp seal body composition provided total body water content and body mass are known. Using these data we compared the accuracy of three existing equations that have been used to predict body fat content of other species. We found that in adult harp seals, lean body mass has a relatively stable hydration of 70% but the hydration of blubber varied with body condition. Lipid content, and thus energy density of blubber, increased with increasing body condition.

A two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics to predict body composition in unfasted lactating goats

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Dunshea ◽  
A. W. Bell ◽  
K. D. Chandler ◽  
T. E. Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTA two-pool model of tritiated water kinetics was investigated as a means of partitioning total body water into empty body water and gut water in 17 lactating goats. Empty body water, gut water and total body water were of a similar magnitude to, and highly correlated with, a rapidly equilibrating tritiated water pool, a more slowly equilibrating pool and the sum of these two pools, respectively.Empty body fat was poorly correlated with both live weight and empty body weight (R2 = 0·42 and 0·51, respectively). However, there was a strong inverse relationship between the water and fat contents of the empty body. Consequently, empty body fat was accurately predicted by a multiple regression equation which included both empty body weight and empty body water as independent variables (R2 = 0·97). Substitution of these variables with estimates derived from tritiated water kinetics still resulted in a high correlation (R2 = 0·88). Tritiated water kinetics offered little improvement over live weight alone in the prediction of empty body protein, empty body ash or fat-free empty body.

Total Body Water, Total Exchangeable Sodium and Related Variables in the Ghanaian

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-479
Author(s):  
S. Kojo Addae ◽  
S. Dakubu ◽  
E. T. Larmie ◽  
R. Boatin ◽  
E. H. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

1. Standard radioisotope dilution techniques employing [3H]water and [22Na]sodium chloride have been used to determine the total body water and total exchangeable sodium of 20 male and 10 female normal Ghanaians (Africans) aged 19–25 years. 2. Lean body mass and total body fat are calculated as a percentage of body weight; the total exchangeable sodium values have been expressed in relation to lean body mass. 3. Comparison of the data for Ghanaian subjects with published figures for Caucasian subjects of similar age shows that the Ghanaian men have much less total body fat and the women a little less total body fat than their Caucasian counterparts. 4. Total exchangeable sodium expressed in terms of lean body mass shows close agreement in both men and women.

Comparison of techniques to estimate total body skeletal muscle mass in people of different age groups

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. E489-E495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Proctor ◽  
P. C. O’Brien ◽  
E. J. Atkinson ◽  
K. S. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Creatinine ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Urinary Creatinine Excretion

An estimate of total body muscle mass with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA; appendicular muscle mass divided by 0.75) was compared with 24-h urinary creatinine excretion in 59 healthy men and women [20–30 yr (younger), 45–59 yr (middle age), and 60–79 yr (older)] who stayed in a clinical research center for 5 days. Total body water (2H2O dilution), fat (underwater weighing), bone mineral (DXA), and total body protein mass (based on a 4-compartment model) were also measured. Muscle mass estimates by DXA and creatinine were highly correlated ( r = 0.80). However, stepwise multiple regression indicated that a significant amount of additional between-subject variability in DXA-based muscle mass estimates could be explained by total body water. Creatinine excretion, knee extensor strength, and total body protein mass all decreased with age, suggesting a decline in muscle cell mass with aging. However, DXA-based muscle mass and measures of nonfat body mass (i.e., lean body mass by2H2O and fat-free body mass by underwater weighing) did not change with age. These results indicate that DXA and urinary creatinine excretion give different results regarding the decline in total body muscle mass with aging. The factor(s) responsible for the apparent underestimate of age-related sarcopenia by DXA remain to be fully defined, but changes in body water may be an important contributor.

The Biological Aspects of Puberty

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Howard E. Kulin ◽  
Jørn Müller
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Total Body

Normal Pubertal Development SOMATIC CHANGES Puberty is characterized by an increase in growth rate and the appearance of striking somatic sex differences. The onset of these changes actually antedates the appearance of secondary sex characteristics by a few years. Thus, sexual maturation is a considerably longer process than the period of visible changes induced by marked incremental increases in gonadal hormones. Unlike boys, girls augment their body fat noticeably at 7 years of age; by 16 years of age girls have twice as much fat as boys. Total body water reflects lean body mass, which is made up primarily of muscle and skeletal tissues. At 9 years of age, total body water increases significantly in boys and signals the onset of more rapid growth in lean body mass. Muscle mass in boys doubles between the ages of 10 and 17 years, and skeletal mass doubles between ages 12 and 16 years. During adolescence boys exceed girls in all body measurements except hip width and body fat. The changes in body constituents during puberty are reflected more impressively by increases in height and weight. The initiation of the adolescent growth spurt precedes the onset of secondary sex characteristics by approximately 1 year in boys and girls.

Effect of total body water estimates via bioimpedance on bod pod-based three-compartment body fat models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett S. Nickerson ◽  
Samantha V. Narvaez ◽  
Mitzy I. Juarez ◽  
Stefan A. Czerwinski
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Bod Pod ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Rapid Weight Loss and the Body Fluid Balance and Hemoglobin Mass of Elite Amateur Boxers

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Reljic ◽  
Eike Hässler ◽  
Joachim Jost ◽  
Birgit Friedmann-Bette
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
Real Life Setting ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Hemoglobin Mass

Context Dehydration is assumed to be a major adverse effect associated with rapid loss of body mass for competing in a lower weight class in combat sports. However, the effects of such weight cutting on body fluid balance in a real-life setting are unknown. Objective To examine the effects of 5% or greater loss of body mass within a few days before competition on body water, blood volume, and plasma volume in elite amateur boxers. Design Case-control study. Setting Sports medicine laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Seventeen male boxers (age = 19.2 ± 2.9 years, height = 175.1 ± 7.0 cm, mass = 65.6 ± 9.2 kg) were assigned to the weight-loss group (WLG; n = 10) or the control group (CON; n = 7). Intervention(s) The WLG reduced body mass by restricting fluid and food and inducing excessive sweat loss by adhering to individual methods. The CON participated in their usual precompetition training. Main Outcome Measure(s) During an ordinary training period (t-1), 2 days before competition (t-2), and 1 week after competition (t-3), we performed bioelectrical impedance measurements; calculated total body water, intracellular water, and extracellular water; and estimated total hemoglobin mass (tHbmass), blood volume, and plasma volume by the CO-rebreathing method. Results In the WLG, the loss of body mass (5.6% ± 1.7%) led to decreases in total body water (6.0% ± 0.9%), extracellular water (12.4% ± 7.6%), tHbmass (5.3% ± 3.8%), blood volume (7.6% ± 2.1%; P < .001), and plasma volume (8.6% ± 3.9%). The intracellular water did not change (P > .05). At t-3, total body water, extracellular water, and plasma volume had returned to near baseline values, but tHbmass and blood volume still were less than baseline values (P < .05). In CON, we found no changes (P > .05). Conclusions In a real-life setting, the loss of approximately 6% body mass within 5 days induced hypohydration, which became evident by the decreases in body water and plasma volume. The reduction in tHbmass was a surprising observation that needs further investigation.

scholarly journals The Reciprocal Association between Fitness Indicators and Sleep Quality in the Context of Recent Sport Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Vasileios T. Stavrou ◽  
Kyriaki Astara ◽  
Zoe Daniil ◽  
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽  
Konstantinos Kalabakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the oxygen uptake and heart rate at rest, in Greek professional soccer players, are affected by recent injuries, as well as how sleep quality is affected. Forty-two male professional soccer players were included in the study and divided into two groups: injurygroup (n = 22, age: 21.6 ± 5.4 years, body fat: 11.0 ± 3.9%, total body water: 64.0 ± 2.5%) and no-injurygroup (n = 20, age: 24.2 ± 5.6 years, body fat: 10.1 ± 2.8%, total body water: 64.3 ± 1.8%). The oxygen uptake at rest (VO2resting, mL/min/kg) and heart rate (HR, bpm) were recorded in the upright position for 3 min, and the predicted values were calculated. One hour before, the athletes answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results showed a difference between groups (injurygroup vs. no-injurygroup) in VO2resting (7.5 ± 1.4 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2 mL/min/kg, p < 0.001) and percent of predicted values (92.5 ± 17.2 vs. 68.3 ± 14.6%, p < 0.001) and HR, such as beats per min (100.6 ± 12.8 vs. 93.1 ± 4.6 bpm, p = 0.001), percent of predicted values (50.7 ± 6.4 vs. 47.6 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003) and sleep quality score (PSQI: 4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.005). Anthropometric characteristics were not different between groups. Oxygen consumption and heart rate at rest are affected by the systemic adaptations due to injury. These pathophysiological changes probably relate to increased blood flow in an attempt to restore the injury area.

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