Phakopsora euvitis (grape rust fungus).
Abstract The grape leaf rust, P. euvitis, is widely distributed in eastern and southern Asia and has been introduced into northern Australia. Its distribution in the Americas, other than a recent introduction into southwestern Brazil, is unclear, because other Phakopsora rust species on Vitis species have been identified in North and South America. The teleomorph forms have not been compared. The means by which the recent introductions have occurred are not known; the fungus can persist in the uredinial form in warmer climates and dispersal of urediniospores by wind and air currents is a possible means of spread, in addition to transport of infected vines. Australia initiated an eradication programme against this species in 2001 (DAFF, 2009).