Pythium aphanidermatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium aphanidermatum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts, often similar to those attacked by P. butleri, but inducing different symptoms, represented in the following families: Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Araceae, Basellaceae, Bromeliaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Passifloraceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Umbelliferae, Violaceae, Vitaceae, Zingiberaceae. DISEASES: Damping-off of various seedlings; 'cottony-leak' of cucurbit fruit in storage; 'cottony blight' of turf grasses; root and stalk rot of maize. Other hosts: tobacco, sugar-beet, sugar-cane, papaw, pineapple, ginger, bean and cotton. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic, Fernando, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Sudan, Togo, Zambia); Asia (Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatra); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia); North America (Canada, Mexico); Central America & West Indies (Antilles, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Venezuela); Europe Austria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Poland, U.S.S.R., Yugoslavia). (CMI Map 309) TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Eggplant fruit become infected when blossom end is in contact with soil (5: 465). Readily isolated from soil using fresh potato cubes treated with streptomycin and pimaricin as baits (43, 1519; 43, 46) or seedling papaw roots in soil containing papaw tissue (43, 1720). Also recorded as seed-borne on tomato and cucurbits but doubtful whether seed-transmitted (see Noble et al., An Annotated List of Seed-Borne Diseases, 1958, pp. 23, 25, 124).

Calonectria rigidiuscula. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Green Point ◽  
North Borneo

Abstract A description is provided for Calonectria rigidiuscula[Nectria rigidiuscula]. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Theobroma cacao and many other hosts represented by the following families: Anonaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Bombacaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae. Also pathogenic on wound inoculation to hosts in the above and following additional families: Bignoniaceae and Ulmaceae (31: 232). DISEASES: Causing die-back and canker of branches associated with capsid injury, 'green-point' cushion gall of buds, and pod rot of cacao; panel decay of Hevea rubber associated with Pbytophthora spp. ; stem canker of robusta coffee associated with Xyleborus morstatta; stem rot of durian; and blight of rice plants including grain. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Cameroons, Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sierra Leone); North America [United States (Okla.)]; Central America and West Indies (British Guiana, Costa Rica, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Colombia, Surinam, Venezuela); Asia (Ceylon, India, Indo-China, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australasia & Oceania (New Caledonia, North Borneo, Tahiti). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne spores, either microconidia produced on recently infected tissue of injured, living stems, or macroconidia from sporodochia on recently dead stems, or ascospores from perithecia produced on long dead stems or cracks in bark (25: 548). The pathogen has been transmitted to cacao cotyledons by means of mealybugs (Pseudococcus njalensis[Planococcoides njalensis] and Ferrisiana virgata[Ferrisia virgata]) in the laboratory, but not elsewhere. Also a soil invader commonly recovered from previous sites of cacao (13: 128, 594) or coffee plantations (34: 179), and in grassland areas (33: 687); seed-borne on rice (32: 449).

Pythium intermedium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A description is provided for Pythium intermedium. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Begoniaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Moraceae, Onagraceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Solanaceae, Ulmaceae, Violaceae; also in the Equisetales and Filicales. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings, foot rot and root rot of ornamentals, occasionally of crop plants and trees. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China); Australia & Oceania (Hawaii); Europe (England, Belgium, France, Germany, Holland, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Argentina). TRANSMISSION: A common soil inhabitant.

Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pokkah Boeng ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On several hosts of economic importance in the Gramineae; also on a wide range of hosts represented by the following families: Amaryllidaceae, Anacardiaceae, Bromeliaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Iridaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Malvaceae, Marantaceae, Musaceae, Palmae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Sterculiaceae (14: 708; 31: 515; 36: 501; 40: 89 and Herb. IMI). DISEASES: Causes a seedling blight, and root, stalk and kernel rot of maize; also on heads and stalks of sorghum associated with a foot and stem rot, and causing a stem rot and top rot of sugar-cane ('pokkah boeng'). Other records include a wilt of Crotalaria, a heart rot of leaves of banana and Manila hemp, and fruit rot of banana, cacao and pineapple. There appear to be no references to pathogenicity to rice. Also entomogenous on cereal stem borer larvae and other insects (27: 71; 33: 382; 38: 141, 740). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic, Congo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Reunion, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika, Uganda); Asia (Formosa (Taiwan), Hong Kong, India, Java, Indo-China, Philippines, Syria); Australasia (Hawaii, New South Wales, New Zealand, Victoria); Europe (Czechoslovakia, Germany,? Italy, Poland, Romania); Central America & West Indies (French Antilles, Honduras, Trinidad); North America (Canada, United States); South America (Argentina, Peru). (CMI Map 191). TRANSMISSION: Both seed and soil-borne. Air-borne ascospores produced from perithecia on over-wintered plant debris or on dead stalks of sugar-cane at the beginning of the rainy season are also important sources of infection (30: 344). The pathogen may also be disseminated on pupae and adults of cereal stem borers and their parasites in sugar-cane (33: 382).

Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Rhodesia

Abstract A description is provided for Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On a very wide range of host plants comprising 58 families including: avocado, castor, Cinchona spp., citrus, cotton, eggplant, guava, lucerne, papaw, parsley, pineapple, Piper betle, rhubarb, sesame, strawberry, tomato. DISEASES: Damping-off of seedlings (tomato, castor, citrus, cotton); root rot (citrus, avocado, strawberry, lucerne); crown rot (parsley, rhubarb, strawberry, lucerne); brown stem rot of tobacco; stem canker and tip blight of Cinchona spp. ; leaf blight (castor, sesame, pineapple, Piper betle) and fruit rot (citrus, tomato, guava, papaw, eggplant). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia, Mali, Madagascar, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Southern Rhodesia, Tanganyika); Asia (Burma, Ceylon, China, Formosa, India, Israel, Japan, Java, Malaya, Philippines); Australia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, Tasmania); Europe (Cyprus, France, Germany, Great Britain, Holland, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, U.S.S.R.); North America (Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, U.S.A.); Central America & West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Trinidad);. South America (Argentina, Brazil, British Guiana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne, spreading rapidly after heavy rain or where soil remains moist or water-logged (40: 470). Also recorded in drainage water in India and in reservoirs and canals supplying citrus groves in U.S.A. (23: 45; 39: 24). A method for determining a disease potential index in soil using lemon fruit has been described (38: 4). Also present in testas of seeds from diseased citrus fruit which may infect nursery seedbeds (37: 165).

Puccinia cynodontis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Bermuda Grass

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia cynodontis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Aecial stage on species of Plantago. Uredial and telial stages on species of Cynodon, particularly C. dactylon. DISEASE: Leaf rust of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius Morocco, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia and Zambia. Americas: Argentina, Barbados, Bermuda, Colombia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rieo, Salvador, Trinidad, USA (South) and Venezuela. Asia: Cambodia, Ceylon, China, India, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and USSR. Australasia & Oceania: Australia, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand and Papua & New Guinea. Europe: Cyprus, France, Malta and Rumania. TRANSMISSION: No studies appear to have been reported. Since the aecial stage has not been found in USA the urediospores presumably survive during the dormant periods of the tdial host.

Alternaria zinniae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Airborne Conidia ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus ◽  
Sphaeranthus Indicus

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria zinniae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ageratum, Aster, Bidens, Calendula, Callistephus, Chrysanthemum, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Dahlia, Gaillardia, Galinsoga, Gerbera, Helianthus, Notonia, Parthenium, Sphaeranthus indicus, Tagetes, Tithonia, Volutarella, Xanthium, Zinnia. Also recorded are a number of non-compositae hosts such as bean (50, 3295), rape (43, 1212b), Clarkia, Hibiscus esculentus (66. 4729), pawpaws (66. 4729) and seeds of tobacco (64, 1748) but these reports should be regarded with some doubt. Simmons (1982) also reports other hosts like Gentiana, Papaver and Reseda. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Zinnia. The fungus attacks the leaves, stems of its host and can cause damping-off of seedlings where both the root and the stems of the plant may be affected. In older plants the fungus attacks the older leaves and then spreads to the younger leaves, and when the attack is severe the spots may become confluent. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mauritius, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Asia: Brunei, China (Liaoning). India, Indonesia (Borneo), Korea, Nepal, Pakistan. Australasia & Oceania: Australia. Europe: Cyprus. Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, The Netherlands. Central & North America: Bermuda, Canada, Jamaica, USA (Hawaii, Illinois, South Dakota). TRANSMISSION: On seeds by wind dispersal of airborne conidia.

Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans. [Distribution map].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Gibberella fujikuroi var. subglutinans Edwards. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum spp., and other plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Central African Republic, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Reunion, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, ASIA, Burma, Cambodia, Hong Kong, India (Madhya Pradesh), Indonesia (Java), Lebanon, Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah), Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia, Fiji, Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand, EUROPE, Britain (Scotland), (Scilly Islands), Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France (SW), Germany, Italy, Poland, Romania, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Ontario), USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, French, Antilles, Honduras, Jamaica, Panama, Trinidad, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil (Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo), Guyana, Peru.

Ganoderma philippii. [Distribution map].

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Ganoderma philippii (Bres. & P. Henn.) Bres. Hosts: Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), tea (Camellia sinensis), coffee (Coffea) etc. Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Zaire, ASIA, Burma, India (S.), Indonesia (Java), (Sumatra), Peninsular Malaysia, (Sabah), (Sarawak), Sri Lanka, Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea.

Scutellonema clathricaudatum. [Distribution map].

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Central America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Scutellonema clathricaudatum Whitehead. Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (India, Manipur, Thailand), Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda), Central America and Caribbean (Cuba).

Bixadus sierricola. [Distribution map].

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Bixadus sierricola (White) Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae Hosts: Coffee (Coffea spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Democratic Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Uganda.

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